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Flashcards in Urine sampling Deck (14)
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1
Q

Macroscopic examination looks at the ……. of urine.

A

colour, transparency/turbidity

2
Q

Chemical examination of urine involves using?

A

Dipstick tests and urine specific gravity.

3
Q

Indications for Urinalysis?

A

Renal disease
Lower urinary tract disease
Many medical problems (particularly those with multi-systemic signs)
Part of a geriatric or pre-anaesthetic screen

4
Q

How should you position the queen for catheterisation?

A

Get body as straight as possible

Advance catheter along ventral vaginal wall along midline

5
Q

Advantages of early morning and after fasting urine samples?

A

Most concentrated sample, evaluates concentrating capacity, gives the highest yield of cells, casts and bacteria.

6
Q

Disadvantages of early morning and after fasting urine samples?

A

Glucosuria may be less obvious than in a post-prandial sample
Cytology – cells may be altered due to prolonged exposures to variations in pH and osmolality

7
Q

Advantages of recently formed urine samples?

A

Cells more easily recognisable on microscopy

Fastidious bacteria which are inhibited by urine may be easier to detect.

8
Q

Disadvantages of recently formed urine samples?

A

Sample more dilute as animal has drunk recently – concentrating ability more difficult to assess
More dilute samples may cause lysis of cells

9
Q

What would be used to preserve a urine sample?

A

Boric acid.

10
Q

What would be used to prepare a urine sample for cytology?

A

Formaldehyde.

11
Q

When should urinalysis be performed?

A

Preferably < 1hr post collection

Otherwise refrigerate and warm to room temp before analysis

12
Q

What should the specific gravity of a glomerular filtrate be when using a refractometre?

A

1.008-1.012

13
Q

What is urolithiasis?

A

the formation of stony concretions in the bladder or urinary tract.

14
Q

Proteinaceous plugs of dense, mesh-like mucoprotein +/- cells that accumulate in distal portion of renal tubule are called?

A

Renal Tubular Casts. (increased numbers can denote tubular disease)