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Anatomy > Urogenital Anatomy > Flashcards

Urogenital Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney components?

A

Cortex and medulla

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2
Q

Cortex of kidney?

A

Collection of nephrons

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3
Q

Medulla of kidney?

A

Funneling system of urine

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4
Q

What collects urine?

A

The major calyx and renal pelvis

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5
Q

What empties the urine?

A

Ureter, urinary bladder (if present), and urethra

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6
Q

What is urinferous tubule?

A

Nephron/collecting duct

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7
Q

Nephron?

A

Proximal tubule, distal tubule, intermedia tubule

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8
Q

Renal/bowman’s capsule?

A

Associated with glomerus, both are capillary bed

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9
Q

PCT?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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10
Q

What is the intermedial tubule in humans?

A

Loop of Henle

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11
Q

DCT?

A

Distal convoluted tubules

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12
Q

Osmoregulation?

A

Maintaining physiological osmolarity by regulating ions/water

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13
Q

Nephron removal of waste?

A

Nitrogenous waste

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14
Q

What is osmoregulation responsible for?

A

Organisms and how they excrete nitrogen

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15
Q

What does ammonotelic -> ammonia require to remove from body?

A

Required a lot of water

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16
Q

What does ureotelic -> urea require to remove from body?

A

Requires little water/ a lot of energy

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17
Q

What do humans/turtles require to remove waste?

A

All 3 (water, energy, osmoregulation)

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18
Q

Nephron phylogeny in aquatic organisms?

A

Rudimentary nephrons

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19
Q

Example of nephrons in an aquatic organism?

A

Shark kidney -> strip of tissues

20
Q

Nephron phylogeny in more advanced organisms -> birds/mammals)

A

Loop start to form, loop -> osmoregulation, birds -> 2 loops, efficient -> urine -> solid

21
Q

Loops in mammal

A

Osmoregulation

22
Q

Bird

A

2 loops

23
Q

What does the rectal gland do?

A

It removes salt

24
Q

What does the rectal artery do?

A

It delivers blood

25
Q

What happens when the rectal artery and secretory tubule interact?

A

Crystallized salt enters lumen

26
Q

Female anatomy

A

Ovaries -> follicles -> ovum (egg) and supporting cells (follicle cells)
2. Oviducts

27
Q

Follicle development and progression

A

Primoridal follicles (immature) and Graafian follicles (mature)

28
Q

Primoridal follicles?

A

Have 1/2 million may only produce 500 eggs throughout lifespan

29
Q

Graafain follicles when fertilization occurs?

A

Corpusluteum

30
Q

Graafian follicles when no fertilization occurs?

A

Artretic follicle

31
Q

What are the scarring on the ovaries called?

A

Corpus albicans

32
Q

Oviducts?

A

Moving or merging with midline structures to become uterus. Place of fertilization and development. Only place of fertilization in humans

33
Q

Duplex uterus?

A

Primitive mammals

34
Q

Bipartite uterus

A

Ruminants

35
Q

Bicornuate uterus

A

Dogs, pigs, and elephants. Some humans can have this arrangement

36
Q

Simple uterus

A

Primates, humans

37
Q

Male reproductive anatomy

A

Testes (Testis)

38
Q

Testes

A

Oval shaped organs found dorsal and laterally

39
Q

Testes formation of sperm

A

Sperm form and development in seminiferous tubule -> rete testes -> efferent ductules -> epididymis (sperm storage) -> vas deferens -> urethra

40
Q

Copulation

A

Any sexual behavior or position that delivers sperm to the female

41
Q

Types of copulation

A

Intromitten organs and male mounts female (external fertilization)

42
Q

Intromitten organs

A

Deliver sperm internally enhance fertilization. 1. Clasper, 2. Hemipenis (2 branches), 3. Penis (various sizes and shapes -> depend on how they copulate)

43
Q

Penis strategies

A

Strategy 1 -> baculum
Strategy 2 -> hemotumescene

44
Q

Baculum

A

Used to effectly deliver sperm to vagina

45
Q

Hemotumescene

A

Increase blood flow

Anatomy (4 decks)

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