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Anatomy > Urogenital Anatomy > Flashcards

Urogenital Anatomy Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

Kidney components?

A

Cortex and medulla

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2
Q

Cortex of kidney?

A

Collection of nephrons

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3
Q

Medulla of kidney?

A

Funneling system of urine

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4
Q

What collects urine?

A

The major calyx and renal pelvis

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5
Q

What empties the urine?

A

Ureter, urinary bladder (if present), and urethra

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6
Q

What is urinferous tubule?

A

Nephron/collecting duct

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7
Q

Nephron?

A

Proximal tubule, distal tubule, intermedia tubule

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8
Q

Renal/bowman’s capsule?

A

Associated with glomerus, both are capillary bed

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9
Q

PCT?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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10
Q

What is the intermedial tubule in humans?

A

Loop of Henle

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11
Q

DCT?

A

Distal convoluted tubules

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12
Q

Osmoregulation?

A

Maintaining physiological osmolarity by regulating ions/water

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13
Q

Nephron removal of waste?

A

Nitrogenous waste

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14
Q

What is osmoregulation responsible for?

A

Organisms and how they excrete nitrogen

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15
Q

What does ammonotelic -> ammonia require to remove from body?

A

Required a lot of water

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16
Q

What does ureotelic -> urea require to remove from body?

A

Requires little water/ a lot of energy

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17
Q

What do humans/turtles require to remove waste?

A

All 3 (water, energy, osmoregulation)

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18
Q

Nephron phylogeny in aquatic organisms?

A

Rudimentary nephrons

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19
Q

Example of nephrons in an aquatic organism?

Study These Flashcards
A

Shark kidney -> strip of tissues

20
Q

Nephron phylogeny in more advanced organisms -> birds/mammals)

Study These Flashcards
A

Loop start to form, loop -> osmoregulation, birds -> 2 loops, efficient -> urine -> solid

21
Q

Loops in mammal

Study These Flashcards
A

Osmoregulation

22
Q

Bird

23
Q

What does the rectal gland do?

Study These Flashcards
A

It removes salt

24
Q

What does the rectal artery do?

Study These Flashcards
A

It delivers blood

25
What happens when the rectal artery and secretory tubule interact?
Crystallized salt enters lumen
26
Female anatomy
Ovaries -> follicles -> ovum (egg) and supporting cells (follicle cells) 2. Oviducts
27
Follicle development and progression
Primoridal follicles (immature) and Graafian follicles (mature)
28
Primoridal follicles?
Have 1/2 million may only produce 500 eggs throughout lifespan
29
Graafain follicles when fertilization occurs?
Corpusluteum
30
Graafian follicles when no fertilization occurs?
Artretic follicle
31
What are the scarring on the ovaries called?
Corpus albicans
32
Oviducts?
Moving or merging with midline structures to become uterus. Place of fertilization and development. Only place of fertilization in humans
33
Duplex uterus?
Primitive mammals
34
Bipartite uterus
Ruminants
35
Bicornuate uterus
Dogs, pigs, and elephants. Some humans can have this arrangement
36
Simple uterus
Primates, humans
37
Male reproductive anatomy
Testes (Testis)
38
Testes
Oval shaped organs found dorsal and laterally
39
Testes formation of sperm
Sperm form and development in seminiferous tubule -> rete testes -> efferent ductules -> epididymis (sperm storage) -> vas deferens -> urethra
40
Copulation
Any sexual behavior or position that delivers sperm to the female
41
Types of copulation
Intromitten organs and male mounts female (external fertilization)
42
Intromitten organs
Deliver sperm internally enhance fertilization. 1. Clasper, 2. Hemipenis (2 branches), 3. Penis (various sizes and shapes -> depend on how they copulate)
43
Penis strategies
Strategy 1 -> baculum Strategy 2 -> hemotumescene
44
Baculum
Used to effectly deliver sperm to vagina
45
Hemotumescene
Increase blood flow

Anatomy (4 decks)

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