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Microbiology Exam 4 > Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Infections > Flashcards

Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards

Chapter 26 (66 cards)

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1
Q

Does the urinary tract have microbes?

A

none (except at urethra opening)

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2
Q

Why are there many nosocomial infection of the Urinary Tract? (2)

A
  • catheterization
  • surgery
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3
Q

What is Urethritis?

A

inflammation of urethra

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4
Q

What is Cystitis?

A

inflammation of bladder

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5
Q

What is Pyelonephritis?

A

inflammation of kidneys

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6
Q

What can lead to Pyelonephritis?

A

Cystitis

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7
Q

Why is Pyelonephritis more dangerous?

A

possible septic shock

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8
Q

What group commonly has cases of Cystitis?

A

females

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9
Q

What are the most common organisms causing Cystitis? (3)

A
  • E. coli
  • Staphylococcus saprophyticus
  • Proteus vulgaris
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10
Q

What are the risk factors of Cystitis? (2)

A
  • sexual intercourse
  • improper hygiene
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11
Q

What are the Symptoms of Cystitis? (3)

A
  • dysuria (painful urination)
  • pyuria (frequent urination)
  • hematuria (blood in urine)
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12
Q

How is Cystitis treated? (2)

A
  • fluroquinolones
  • bactrim
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13
Q

What happens if Cystitis reaches the kidneys?

A

becomes pyelonephritis

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14
Q

What are the Bacterial Diseases of the Reproductive System? (5)

A
  • gonorrhea
  • non-gonococcal urethritis
  • pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
  • syphilis
  • vaginitis
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15
Q

What are the Viral Diseases of the Reproductive System? (2)

A
  • genital herpes
  • genital warts
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16
Q

Which age bracket is mainly affected by Diseases of the Reproductive System?

A

15 - 24 years old

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17
Q

What bacteria causes gonorrhea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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18
Q

Describe Neisseria gonorrhea (3):

A
  • gonorrhea
  • gram (-)
  • diplococci
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19
Q

How is Gonorrhea spread? (2)

A
  • sexual contact
  • hands
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20
Q

What does gonorrhea attach to in the body?

A

mucosal cells of the epithelium (mouth, eyes, genital tracts, rectum)

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21
Q

What are the primary symptoms of Gonorrhea in Males? (2)

A
  • urethral discharge
  • painful urination
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22
Q

What are the primary symptoms of Gonorrhea in Females? (3)

A
  • vaginal discharge (maybe)
  • abdominal pain
  • highly asymptomatic
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23
Q

How is Gonorrhea treated?

A

antibiotics

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24
Q

What happens if Gonorrhea goes untreated? (2)

A
  • spread to vas deferens (males) and fallopian tubes (females)
  • can cause sterility
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25
What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
infection of woman's reproductive organ
26
What are the complications of Gonorrhea? (6)
- gonorrheal endocarditis - meningitis - eye infection - pharynx infection - joint infection - ophthalmia neonatorum (eye infection of newborn)
27
How is Gonorrhea diagnosed?
isolated WBCs inside gram (-) diplococci in urethral discharge/cervical swab
28
What are PPNG strains of Gonorrhea?
penicillinase producing N. gonorrhea
29
What are TRNG strains of Gonorrhea?
tetracycline resistant N. gonorrhea
30
How is TRNG Gonorrhea treated?
ceftriaxone
31
What is a rare complication of Gonococcal?
arthritis
32
What is Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU)?
Any inflammation of urethra not caused by N. gonorrhea
33
What is the most common bacteria that causes NGU?
Chlamydia trachomatis
34
How is Nongonococcal Urethritis spread?
sexually (most common STD)
35
What are the symptoms of NGU? (3)
- painful urination - water discharge - can be asymptomatic
36
What can NGU lead to?
infections of epididymis and uterine tubes
37
How is Nongonococcal Urethritis treated? (2)
- tetracycline - erythromycin
38
What bacteria causes Syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
39
Describe Treponema pallidum (3):
- syphilis - gram (-) - spirochete
40
How is Syphilis spread?
sexual contact
41
What is the incubation period for Syphilis?
2 weeks - several months
42
How do Syphilis microbes penetrate tissues?
using the spreading factor = mucopolysaccharidase
43
What occurs in the primary stage of Syphilis? (3)
- chancre appears at site of infection - may have swollen lymph nodes - microbe goes to blood
44
What is Chancre?
non painful ulcer
45
How is Syphilis detected in the primary stage?
microscopic exam of chancre exudate
46
What happens in the Secondary Stage of Syphilis? (2)
- rash on skin, mucous membranes of mouth, throat, cervix - microbe is systemic
47
How long does the Secondary Stage of Syphilis typically last?
few weeks - months
48
What happens in the Latent Stage of Syphilis?
No symptoms, person has detectable Ab
49
How long can the Latent Stage of Syphilis last?
10 - 20 years
50
What happens in the Tertiary Stage of Syphilis? (3)
- gummas (granulomas) appear - few microbes present - appear on skin, in bones, liver, heart, brain, mouth 7-10 years post secondary stage
51
What can the Tertiary Stage of Syphilis result in? (4)
- blindness - heart problems - seizures - death
52
What is Congenital Syphilis?
syphilis from mother to fetus
53
How does Syphilis infect the fetus?
microbe crosses the placenta
54
What does Congenital Syphilis cause? (6)
- fetal neurological diseases - can be fatal - Hutchinson's teeth - blindness - deafness - severe mental disease
55
How is Syphilis diagnosed? (2)
- test looks for presence of Treponema pallidum - test looks for antibodies to the microbe
56
What Virus causes Genital Warts?
human papilloma virus
57
Describe the Human Papilloma Virus (4):
- genital warts - naked - double stranded - DNA
58
How many types of HPV are there?
60
59
Which types of HPV are the most common? (4)
HPV 16, 18, 11, 6
60
How are genital warts detected?
through pap smear
61
Do genital warts go away forever?
No, tend to recur
62
How are Genital Warts treated? (3)
- acid burning - liquid nitrogen freezing - laser
63
What is the leading cause of death in young women in the U.S.?
HPV + Cervical Cancer
64
Which types of HPV are mainly associated with Cervical Cancer? (2)
- HPV-16 - hPV-18
65
What are the risk factors of HPV + Cervical Cancer? (5)
- multiple partners - STDs - early age at first coitus (intercourse) - oral contraception - smoking
66
What Vaccines are there for HPV? (3)
3 vaccines (gardasil = subunit vaccine)

Microbiology Exam 4 (6 decks)

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