Urogenital System Flashcards by Abbey Marx

Kidneys are retroperitoneal at level of

T3-T12

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Concave side of kidney is called

Hilum

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Where is the renal sinus contained

Hilum

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What does the renal sinus contain

Renal artery, renal vein, and renal pelvis

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Renal cortex along the

Outside

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Renal medulla (pyramids) location of

Nephrons

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Minor calyces receive urate from

Nephrons

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Major calyces receive multiple

minor calyces

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Renal pelvis receives

Major calyces

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1 million nephrons in a

Kidney

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Adrenal glands name

Suprarenal

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Attached to the crura of the diaphragm surface

Adrenal glands

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What are the adrenal glands and kidneys separated by

Thin septum

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Pyramidal shape with veins and nerves entering at
hilum but arteries penetrate at multiple sites.

Adrenal glands

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2 major components of the adrenal glands

Suprarenal cortex and Suprarenal medulla

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secretes corticosteroids and
androgens

Suprarenal cortex

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Retain sodium and water in response to stress, to
increase blood volume and blood pressure

Suprarenal cortex

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Secrete catecholamines into blood
to activate the sympathetic fight-or-flight (increase BP,
dilate bronchioles, change blood flow patterns)

Suprarenal medulla

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Epinephrine

Adrenaline

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Kidneys purpose

Regulate homeostasis

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Kidneys release ________ enzymes which play a role in producing and releasing erythropoietin, renin, and metabolic vitamin D

Endocrine

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Kidneys filter

Blood and body waste end products

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Glomerular filtration

Kidneys filter blood and body waste products

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End products of kidney filtration

Metabolism and excess water

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Kidneys produce _______ from filtered products and fills bladder

Urine

Bladder empties with urination as the dissension of the detrusor muscle triggers the ___________.

Micturition reflex

Filtrates 20 % of the blood initially , total reabsorption is 19%

Nephrons

Filtration in nephrons is performed by :

Hydrostatic Osmotic Balancing fluid pressure

Filtration occurs in bowman’s capsule

Renal corpuscle

Avg glomerular filtration

180 L day

Entire plasma of the body gets filtered

60 x day

Designed for reabsorption of the fluid

Renal tubule

What makes up the renal tubule

Proximal convoluted tubule , loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct

First stage dumps fluid back into bloodstreM

PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

Maintains fluid pressure in pyramid

Loop of henle

More reabsorption occurs

Distal convoluted tubercle

Tubular excretion all leftover filtrate I passed to minor calyx

Collecting duct

The order from collecting ducts

Collecting ducts- minor calyces- major calyces- renal pelvis- ureter- bladder

Muscular ducts with narrow lumen and are retroperitoneal

Ureters

What allows urine to be passed to bladder

Peristaltic contractions

Urine enters _______ to the bladder (one way valve )

Obliquely

Triangle of the 3 orifices (2 ureter 1 urethra)

Trigone

Afferent visceral fibers are triggered by

Bladder distension

Stretching of the bladder ______ contracts the detrusor muscle to empty the bladder (mic trust on ])

Reflexively

The detrusor will ______ the internal urethral orifice and ________ the ureteric orifices

Open, close

Urethras excrete

Urine

Females have shorter

Urethras

Females have 1

Urethral sphincter

Uterus sits on top of

Bladder

Females urethral sphincter is

Voluntary

Males have a __________ and ____________

Internal urethral sphincter (involuntary ) External urethral sphincter (voluntary) found after prostate

Neurogenic incontinence

Assistance with catheter

Stones are comprised of

Salts and acids

• Develop in the Calices and renal pelvis and then descend through the ureter

Stones

Kidney stone pain

Begin at flank (lateral low back region) and change as it descends into groin region

Pelvis (pelvic girdle )

Sacrum, innominate or coxae, pubic symphysis

What makes up the innominate or coxae

Ilium, pubis, ischium

What makes up the ilium

Iliac crest, iliac fossa, articular surface, arculate line

Acetabulum =

Conjunction of all three

Acetabular notch

Incomplete inferior

Orientation of the acetabulum is

Inferolaterally

Purpose of the pelvic girdle

Location of weight transfer from torso to the legs

The pelvic girdle also supports viscera and fetus during development, and location for

Muscle attachments

Superior greater (false) pelvis

Protect abdominopelvic viscera and muscle attachment sites

Inferior lesser (true)

Protect pelvic viscera Pelvic cavity, perineum, and lower extremities

Pelvic brim (ring)

Sacrum, arcuate line of ilium to pubic crest and ending at pubic symphysis

Passage into the pelvis

Pelvic inlet

Passage out of the pelvis

Pelvic outlet

Angle between the pubic rami

Subpubic angle

Female pelvic girdle

Wider and shorter Oval shaped Larger subpubic angle , greater than 80 degrees

Male pelvic girdle

Narrow and tall Circular diameter Subpubic angle less than 70 degrees

Female anterior to posterior organs

Bladder, uterus, ovaries, vagina, rectum

Male anterior to posterior organs

Bladder Rectum

Abdominal aorta

External and internal iliac artery

External iliac artery becomes the

Femoral artery

Internal iliac artery branches

Posterior and anterior branch

Posterior branch

Iliolumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal

Ascends to the lumbar region (only one that ascends to the abdomen)

Iliolumbar

Descends to lateral border of sacrum (stays in pelvic cavity )

Lateral sacral

Passes between L5 and S1 nerve root as it moves into the gluteal region

Superior gluteal

Anterior branch for females

Umbilical, obturator, superior vesical, uterine, vaginal, middle rectal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal

Passes to the superior bladder

Superior vesical

Anterior branch male

Umbilical, obturator, superior vesical, deferens, inferior vesical, middle rectal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal

Lateral sacral and Iliolumbar blood supply

Pelvic walls

Internal pudendal and inferior rectal blood supply

Perineum

Obturator, superior gluteal, inferior gluteal blood supply

Lower extremities

Parasympathetic (s2-s4)

Regulate micturition, defecation, and penile/clitoral erection

Sympathetic (t11-l2)

Regulate ejaculation and orgasm

Somatic nervous system (s2-s4, pudendal nerve)

Controls sphincters