Urogenital System

Question 1

is the maintenance of constant osmotic pressure in the fluids of an organism by the control of water and salt concentrations

Answer 1

Osmoregulation

Question 2

It is the process of removing nitrogenous
metabolites and other waster products.

Answer 2

Excretion

Question 3

It is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 3

Osmosis

Question 4

If two solutions have the same osmolarity, it is said to be

Answer 4

isosmotic

Question 5

When two solutions differ in osmolarity, the one with the greater concentration of solutes is said to be

Answer 5

hyperosmotic

Question 6

the one with lesser solutes is said to be

Answer 6

hypoosmotic

Question 7

organisms that maintain its internal fluid isoosmotic with its surroundings (only marine animals).

Answer 7

Osmoconformer

Question 8

organisms that expend energy to control water uptake and loss in a hyperosmotic or hypoosmotic environment.

Answer 8

Osmoregulator

Question 9

Adaptation that allows aquatic invertebrates to lose almost all of its body water and survive in dormant state. It is also referred as “life without water”

Answer 9

anhydrobiosis

Question 10

What is a major regulatory problem for terrestrial/land animals, posing a potential threat

Answer 10

Dehydration

Question 11

It helps terrestrial animals prevent dehydration

Answer 11

body coverings

Question 12

Forms of nitrogenous waste

Answer 12

Ammonia, Urea, Uric acid

Question 13

What animal usually secretes ammonia as its waste

Answer 13

Most aquatic animals and fishes

Question 14

It is carried to the kidneys, concentrated
and excreted with a minimal loss of water

Answer 14

Urea

Question 15

It is nontoxic and largely insoluble in
water and can be excreted as a semisolid
paste with very little water loss.

Answer 15

Uric acid

Question 16

pressure-filtering of body fluids producing a filtrate

Answer 16

Filtration

Question 17

reclaiming valuable solutes from the filtrate

Answer 17

Reabsorption

Question 18

addition of toxins & other solutes from the body fluids to the filtrate

Answer 18

Secretion

Question 19

the filtrate leaves the system

Answer 19

Excretion

Question 20

Is a network of dead-end tubules, lacking
internal openings, connected to external
openings. Usually found in flatworms

Answer 20

protonephridium

Question 21

Consist of tubules that collect coelomic fluid and produce dilute urine for excretion.

Answer 21

Metanephridia

Question 22

The organ found in insects and other terrestrial arthropods that removes nitrogenous wastes from hemolymph and also function in osmoregulation

Answer 22

Malpighian Tubules

Question 23

Main excretory organ of vertebrates. Function in both excretion and osmoregulation. Ensure that the blood contains the right amount of minerals, like potassium and sodium

Answer 23

Kidney

Question 24

Shape of the mammalian kidney

Answer 24

Bean-shaped

Question 25

Two distinct regions of kidney

Answer 25

Renal cortex and Renal medulla

Question 26

Functioning unit of the kidney

Answer 26

Nephron

Question 27

Consist of a single long tubule and a ball of capillaries called the glomerulus (filters the blood ) which is surrounded by the Bowman's capsule.

Answer 27

Nephron

Question 28

Main filtering unit of kidney

Answer 28

Glomerulus

Question 29

Composes 80% of the nephrons. Have reduced loops of Henle and are almost entirely confined to the renal cortex

Answer 29

Cortical Nephrons

Question 30

Composes 20% of the nephrons having well-developed loops that extend deeply into the renal medulla.

Answer 30

Juxtamedullary Nephrons

Question 31

Only these species have Juxtamedullary nephrons; the nephrons of other vertebrates lack Loop of Henle

Answer 31

Mammals and birds

Question 32

It enable mammals to produce urine that is hyperosmotic to body fluids, conserving water

Answer 32

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 33

Each nephron is supplied with blood by an

Answer 33

Afferent nephrons

Question 34

It forms when the capillaries converge as they leave the glomerulus

Answer 34

Efferent nephrons

Question 35

Vessels that subdivide again that surrounds the proximal and distal tubules

Answer 35

Peritubular capillaries

Question 36

It forms when additional capillaries extend downward

Answer 36

vasa recta

Question 37

Schema of the process of urine formation

Answer 37

Renal corpuscle --> Proximal tubule --> Loop of Henle --> Distal Tube --> Collecting duct

Question 38

It is where urine formation begins and filters the blood

Answer 38

Renal Corpuscle

Question 39

What is the Renal Corpuscle composed of

Answer 39

Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule

Question 40

Filtration occurs as blood pressure forces fluid from the blood in the glomerulus into the lumen of Bowman's capsule, by the process called

Answer 40

glomerular filtration

Question 41

Among all vertebrates, the Loop of Henle is mostly present in them

Answer 41

Mammals and some birds

Question 42

Where is Epinephrine and Norepinephrine produced

Answer 42

Adrenal Medulla

Question 43

Where is Renin produced

Answer 43

Kidney

Question 44

Where is Angiotensin produced

Answer 44

Liver

Question 45

Where is Aldosterone produced

Answer 45

Adrenal Cortex

Question 46

Where is Anti-diuretic hormone produced

Answer 46

Hypothalamus (stored in posterior pituitary)

Question 47

Where is Atrial natriuretic peptide produced

Answer 47

Heart atrium

Question 48

Can decrease kidney function temporarily by vasoconstriction

Answer 48

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Question 49

Increase blood pressure by acting on angiotensinogen

Answer 49

Renin

Question 50

Affects multiple processes and increases blood pressure

Answer 50

Angiotensin

Question 51

Prevents loss of sodium and water

Answer 51

Aldosterone

Question 52

Prevents water loss

Answer 52

Anti-diuretic hormone (Vasopressin)

Question 52

Other name for Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 52

Vasopressin, Arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin

Question 53

Decreases blood pressure by acting as a vasodilator and increasing glomerular filtration rate; decreases sodium reabsorption in kidneys

Answer 53

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 54

In the hypothalamus monitor the osmolarity of the blood and regulate release of ADH from the posterior pituitary

Answer 54

Osmoreceptor Cells