1. Fibrocystic change, 2. carcinoma (in post-menopausal women)

USMLE- Classic Associations Flashcards by Allison Kay

Actinic Keratosis

SCC

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Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

Cushing’s ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

Crohn’s: skip lesions

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Dissecting Aneurysm

Hypertension

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Aortic Aneurysm- abdominal and descending aorta

Atherosclerosis

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Aortic Aneurysm- ascending

Marfan’s (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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Atrophy of mamillary bodies

Wernicke encephalopathy: Thiamine (B1) deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion.

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Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

Sickle Cell Disease

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PUD and stomach cancer

H Pylori

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Bacterial Meningitis (adults and elderly)

Strep pneumo

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Bacterial Meningitis (newborns and kids)

GBS (newborns), Strep pneumo/Neisseria Meningitidis (kids)

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Benign Melanocytic Nevus

Spitz nevus (most common find in first two decades)

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Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

Bernard-Soulier dz (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)

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Brain Tumor (adults)

Supratentorial! Mets > Astrocytoma (GBM) > meningioma > Schwannoma

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Brain Tumor (Kids)

Infratentorial (more common)? Medulloblastoma (solid), Pilocytic Astrocytoma (heterogeneous); Supratentorial? Craniopharyngioma (Rathke’s Pouch)

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Breast Cancer

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma [unsure what they’re getting at here]

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Breast Mass

Fibrocystic change, 2. carcinoma (in post-menopausal women)

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Breast Tumor (benign)

Fibroadenoma

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Cardiac 1o tumor (kids)

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in TS

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Cardiac manifestation of Lupus

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (non-bacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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Cardiac Tumor (adults)

mets; 2. 1o myxoma (4:1 L->R atrium; “ball and valve”)

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Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation

Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus and syringomyelia)

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Chronic Arrhythmia

AFib

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Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma and pernicious anemia

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

DES exposure in utero

Compression fracture

Osteoporosis (type I- postmenopausal women; type II- elderly man or woman)

CAH- hypotension

21 hydroxylase

Congenital Conjugated Hyperbiliruninemia (black liver)

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

Constictive pericarditis

SLE (developed world); TB (Developing world)

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

LAD>RCA>LCA

Cretinism

Iodine deficiency/hypothyroidism

Cushing's syndrome

1. corticosteroid therapy; 2. Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary; 3. Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

Death in CML

Blast Crisis

Death in SLE

Nephropathy

DIC

sepsis (gram negative), Trauma, Obstetric complications, Acute Pancreatits, Malignancy, nephrotic syndrome, transufsion

Diverticulum in Pharynx

Zenker's diverticulum (dx by barium swallow, caused by increased pressure)

Esophageal Cancer

Adenocarcinoma (US), SCC (world)

Exotoxin food poisoning

S. Aureus, B. Cereus

GN (adults)

IgA nephropathy (Berger's dz)

Gyn Malignancy

Endometrial carcinoma (US), SCC (world)

Heart Valve in SBE

1. Mitral (Rheumatic Fever); 2. Tricuspid (IVDA); 3. Aortic (Rheumatic Fever #2)

Helminth Infection (US)

1. Enterobius Vermicularis, 2. Ascaris Lumbricoides

Epidural Hematoma

Middle Meningeal Artery- Lentiform

Subdural Hematoma

Bridging veins- crescent shape

Hemochromatosis

Multiple blood transfusions; hereditary HFE mutation; bronze DM, HCC

Hereditary Harmless Jaundice

Gilbert's syndrome- benign unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

HLA-B27 (MHC-I)

Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, UC, psoriasis

HLA-DR3 or DR4 (MHC-II)

TIDM, RA, SLE

Hypoparathyroidism

Accidental excision s/p thyroid surgery

Hypopituitarism

Pituitary adenoma

Infections in chronic granulomatous dz

Staph Aureus, E-coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)

Kidney Stones

1. Calcium- radiopaque; 2. Struvite- radiopaque; 3. Uric Acid- radiolucent

Non-infectious fever malignancy

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Mental Retardation

1. Down's, 2. Fragile X (trinucleotide repeat involved in hypermethylation of DNA)

Mets to bone

Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney

Mets to brain

lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (RCC), GI

Mets to liver

Colon, Gastric, pancreatic, breast, lung

Pediatric neoplasm

1. ALL; 2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

FSGS

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

minimal change dz- assoc with infections/vaccinations; treat with steroids

Neuron migration failure

Kallman syndrome- anosmia, hypogonadism

Osteomyelitis

S. Aureus

Osteo in Sickle Cell

Salmonella

Osteo in IVDA

Pseudomonas, S. Aureus

Ovarian mets from stomach or breast

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)

ALL

Child

CLL

adult>60

AML

adult>60

CML

adult 30-60- philadelphia chromosome t(9,22) Bcr-abl

Pituitary tumor

1. Prolactinoma, 2. Somatotropic (acidophilic) adenoma

Primary Hyperaldosteronism

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

Primary hyperparathyroidism

1. adenomas; 2. hyperplasia; 3. carcinoma

HCC

Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1 antitrypsin

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

Buerger's disease: strongly associated with tobacco, inflammation can extend to neighboring veins/nerves

Right Heart Failure due to a pulmonary cause

Cor Pulmonale

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

Increased ventricular filling (L-->R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure)

S4 (presystolic gallop)

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive CM)

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Hypocalcemia from chronic renal disease

Atherosclerosis site

Abdominal Aorta> coronary > popliteal > carotid

t(14;18)

Follicular lymphoma- bcl2 activation

t(8;14)

Burkitt's lymphoma- c-myc activation

t(9,22)

Philadelphia chromosome, CML, bcr-abl fusion

Temporal arteritis

Polymyalgia rheumatica, risk of blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery

Thyroid cancer with radiation exposure

Papillary Carcinoma (JAPILLARY!)

UTI

E Coli, S. Saprophyticus

Temporal lobe encephalitis

HSV-1

USMLE- Classic Associations Flashcards

(87 cards)