USMLE- Classic labs-findings - Sheet1 Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Front
A
Back
2
Q
Anticentromere antibodies
A
CREST
3
Q
Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
A
Pemphigus Vulgaris (blistering)- against desmosomes
4
Q
Anti-GBM antibodies
A
Goodpasture’s syndrome (GN + hemoptysis)
5
Q
Anti-histone antibodies
A
Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, IHN, phenytoin, procainamide)
6
Q
Anti-IgG antibodies
A
AKA RF- Rheumatoid Arthritis
7
Q
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
A
1o biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
8
Q
ANCAs
A
vasculitides (wegener’s, PAN), Churg-Strauss syndrome
9
Q
cANCA
A
Wegener’s
10
Q
pANCA
A
PAN
11
Q
ANA (anti-Sm, anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE
12
Q
Anti-topoisomerase I
A
AKA- Anti scl70- Systemic Sclerosis
13
Q
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial
A
Celiac dz (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
14
Q
Apple Core lesion on abdominal X-ray
A
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
15
Q
Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
A
Auer rods- AML, esp AML-M3 acute promyelocytic leukemia
16
Q
Bacitracin Response
A
sensitive: Group A strep, Resistant: Group B strep (B-BRAS)
17
Q
bamboo spine
A
Ankylosing spondylitis (assoc with HLA-B27)
18
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies: splenectomy or non-functional spleen
19
Q
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
20
Q
Bloody tap on LP
A
SAH
21
Q
Boot-shaped heart
A
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
22
Q
Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces Israelii
23
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
A
Pancoast tumor (can cause Horner’s)
24
Q
Brown tumor of bone
A
Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. 2/2 hyperparathyroidism, osteitis fibrosa cystica
25
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas disease (trypanosoma cruzii)
26
Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
rapidly progressing crescentic GN
27
Chocolate cyst in the ovary
Endometriosis- frequently involves both ovaries
28
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright Rosettes: Neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
29
Colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs
CF (AR mutation in CFTR)
30
Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnl
31
Degeneration of dorsal columns
Tabes Dorsalis (3o syphilis), vit E deficiency, B-12 deficiency
32
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson's disease
33
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)
34
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor in the ovary)
35
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (think HPV-16, 18)
36
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"owl's eye" appearance of CMV
37
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
38
Eosinophilic cytolasmic inclusion in hepatocyte
mallory bodies (EtOH)
39
Eosinophilic cutoplasmic inclusion in nerve cells
Lewy bodies
40
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Counciman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
41
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
AKA- negri bodies. Rabies
42
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of the brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's)
43
Giant B-cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (Owl's eye)
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
44
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-duval bodies (germ cell tumors)
45
"Hair-on-End" (crew cut) appearance on X-ray
beta thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
46
hCG elevation
Pregnancy, choriocarcinoma, hyaditiform mole, germ cell tumors
47
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
48
Heterophile antibodies
infectious Mono from EBV
49
hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals on bronchial secretions
bronchial asthma (charcot-leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
50
High D-dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
51
Hilar LAD, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex from 1o TB
52
Honeycomb lung on x-ray
Interstitial fibrosis
53
Hypersegmented PMNs
Megaloblastic anemia; low B12 (also has neuro Sxs), low folate
54
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Low Fe, Pb poisoning, thalassemia (high HgbA2, high HgbF)
55
Increased AFP in amnionic fluid
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida
56
Increased Uric Acid levels
Gout, Lesch Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
57
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
58
Iron containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
59
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency, partial albinism
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome-
60
Lead pipe appearance of colon on x-ray
UC (loss of Haustra)
61
linear appearance of glomeruli on IF
Goodpasture's syndrome (GN + hemoptysis)
62
low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's dz (hepaticolenticular degeneration)
63
"lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on IF
Post-streptococcal GN: immune complex deposition of Ig and C3b
64
lytic bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
65
mammary gland (blue domed) cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
66
Monoclonal antibody spike
1. Multiple myeloma (M protein, usually IgG or IgA); 2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, MGUS- normal consequence of aging; 3. Waldenström's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia; 4. Primary amyloidosis
67
Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
Bence-Jones proteins (Multiple myeloma- kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine); Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
68
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
Signet Ring: gastric carcinoma, linitis plastica, krukenburg tumors of the ovary
69
Narrowing of bowel lumen on Barium radiograph
String sign- Crohn's
70
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals (yellow if parallel)
Gout MSU crystals
71
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules (DM nephropathy)
72
Novobiocin response
Resistant: S. Saprophyticus, Sensitive: S. Epidermidis (NO StRESs)
73
Nutmeg Liver
Chronic congestion 2/2 Right heart failure
74
Onion Skin periostial reaction
Ewing's sarcoma
75
Periosteum raised from bone creating triangular area
Codman's triangle- Ewing's sarcoma, Osteosarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis
76
Podocyte fusion on EM
Minimal Change disease (child with nephrosis)
77
Polished, "ivory-like" appearance fo bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (OA)
78
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylated tau protein
neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's CJD)
79
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
GBM
80
RBC casts
Acute GN
81
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig Cells
Reinke Crystals (Leydig Cell tumor)
82
Renal Epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
83
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent (blue if parallel)
Pseudogout- calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
84
Rib Notching
Coarctation
85
Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS
Toxoplasma Gondii
86
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells (starry sky appearance on histology)
Burkitt's lymphoma- t(8,14), c-myc activation associated with EBV; black sky made of malignant cells
87
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick Bodies (fronto-temporal dementia)
88
"Soap Bubble" in femur or tibia on X-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (benign usually)
89
"spikes" on BM, "dome-like" sub-epithelial deposits
Membranous GN- may progress to nephrotic syndrome
90
Stacks of RBCs
AKA Rouleaux- High ESR or Multiple Myeloma
91
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
Clue cells on Bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella Vaginalis)
92
"Tennis Racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhans' cells
Birbeck granules (Histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
93
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombi)
94
Thumb Sign on lateral X-ray
Epiglottitis (H-flu)
95
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic Bacterial Pyelonephritis
96
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease: 1) Macrovesicular fatty change: EtOH, 2) Microvesicular fatty change: Reye Syndrome, Pregnancy
97
"smudged" WBCs
CLL (almost always B-cell, affects old people)
98
"wire-loop" glomerular appearance on LM
Lupus Nephropathy
99
Xanthochromia
Previous SAH
