UTS MIDTERM (ALL) Flashcards by Celine Grace Castaneda

To have a sense of meaning/purpose
- To foster healthier relationships
- To utilize one’s natural strength
- To boost confidence

SELF-UNDERSTANDING

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the theatrical masks worn by
Romans in Greek and Latin drama

PERSONA

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It is the characteristic patterns of thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors that make a person
unique. It is believed that personality arises
from within the individual and remains
consistent throughout life.

PERSONALITY

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4 Determinants of Personality (SBIP)

SOCIAL
BIOLOGICAL
INTELLECTUAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL

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an individual’s personality
considering their position within
their social group or community and
consider how they see their place
- Sociological aspects related to the
community and his/her role in the
community

Social determinants

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Hereditary and physical features

Biological determinants

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Our intellect can influence various
aspects and areas of our behavior
which in turn, can determine our
personality
- Values, Humor, Morality

Intellectual determinants

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This specific style which is different
for everyone gets determined
through the accumulative
characteristics of mental trends,
emotions, sentiments, thought
patterns and complexes.

Psychological determinants

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curious, creative, spontaneous,
impulsive, goal-oriented, optimistic,
and cheerful.

SANGUINE

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4 Types of Personality
(SPMC)

SANGUINE
PHLEGMATIC
MELANCHOLIC
CHOLERIC

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introverted, calm, unemotional,
easygoing, patient, and agreeable

PHLEGMATIC

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sensitive, sad, paranoid, critical, and
socially withdrawn

MELANCHOLIC

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quick-thinking, influential,
competitive, independent, easily
annoyed, and prideful

CHOLERIC

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It is what differentiates you from other people. It is
what makes you unique.

Personality Traits

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The Big Five/The Five-Factor Model (OCEAN)

OPENNESS
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
EXTRAVERSION
AGREEABLENESS
NEUROTICISM

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People who are high in _________________ tend
to have a broad range of interests.
They are curious about the world and
other people and are eager to learn
new things and enjoy new
experiences

OPENNESS

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Highly conscientious people tend to
be organized and mindful of details.
They plan, think about how their
behavior affects others, and are
mindful of deadlines.

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

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excitability, sociability,
talkativeness, assertiveness, and high
amounts of emotional
expressiveness.
- People high in extraversion are
outgoing and tend to gain energy in
social situations. Being around
others helps them feel energized and
excited

EXTRAVERSION

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Has a great deal of interest in other
people, cares about others, feels
empathy and concern for other
people, enjoys helping and
contributing to the happiness of other
people, assists others who need help

AGREEABLENESS

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Individuals who are high in
_______________ tend to experience mood
swings, anxiety, irritability, and
sadness

NEUROTICISM

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is an overarching idea we have about
who we are — physically, emotionally, socially,
spiritually, and in terms of any other aspects that make
up who we are

SELF-CONCEPT

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“Inner being” and “our Soul”

The Nature of Self

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-Thinking and a feeling being within “us” and
within “ourselves”
- The distinct identity which is a summation
of the experiences of an individual
- Self-awareness and consciousness of a
rational being

THE SELF

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To search for identity and core being
- Finding true identity (genuine self) and
individuality

The Process of Discovering the Self

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Was developed in 1955 at the University of California Los Angeles by American Psychologists namely Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham.

The Johari Window Model

Was developed in 1955 at the University of California Los Angeles by American Psychologists namely ...

Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham.

This model allows participants to understand themselves well and their corresponding relationship with their significant others through the four quadrants determining traits relative to oneself and other’s judgment

THE JOHARI WINDOW MODEL

Info about you that both you and others know

Open Self / The Arena

Info about you that you know but others don’t know.

Hidden Self / Façade

Info about you that you don’t know but others do know.

Blind Self / Blind Spot

Info about you that neither you nor others know.

Unknown Self / Unknown

It means love of wisdom.

PHILOSOPHY

It is an activity people undertake when they seek to understand fundamental truths about themselves, the world in which they live, and their relationships to the world and to each other.

PHILOSOPHY

He was the first philosopher who ever engaged in a systematic questioning about the self.

SOCRATES

The true task of a philosopher is to know oneself.

SOCRATES

He thought that this is the worst that can happen to anyone:

to live but die inside (SOCRATES)

Every man is ____________ – composed of body and soul.

DUALISTIC

The ________ signifies the imperfect and impermanent aspect of man, WHILE the ______ signifies otherwise.

BODY, SOUL

He said that there are three components of the soul:

PLATO

PLATO said that there are three components of the soul:

RATIONAL SOUL SPIRITED SOUL APPETITIVE SOUL

_______________ is forged by reason and intellect. It has to govern the affairs of the human person.

rational soul

______________ is the one in charge of emotions and should be kept at bay.

spirited soul

______________ is in charge of base desires like eating, sleeping, drinking, and having sex. It must be controlled as well.

appetitive soul

When this ideal state is attained, then the human person's soul becomes ______ and _________.

just , virtuous

His view of the human person reflects the entire spirit of the medieval world when it comes to man.

ST. AUGUSTINE

He believed that an aspect of man dwells in the world. It's imperfect and continuously yearns to be with the Divine AND the other is capable of reaching immortality. - The body is bound to die on earth and the soul is to anticipate living eternally in a realm of spiritual bliss in communion with God.

ST. AUGUSTINE

Man is composed of two parts: matter and form.

Thomas Aquinas

Man is composed of two parts:

matter and form.

refers to the communion stuff that makes up everything in the universe

MATTER

refers to the essence of a substance or thing.

FORM

The ______ is what animates the body. It is what makes us humans.

SOUL

Self is a combination of two distinct entities:

Rene Descartes

Self is a combination of two distinct entities:

COGITO AND EXTENZA

the thing that thinks (the mind).

COGITO

the extension of the mind (the body).

EXTENZA

cogito ergo sum or

"I think therefore, I am"

Empiricism – knowledge can only be possible if it is sensed and experienced.

DAVID HUME

knowledge can only be possible if it is sensed and experienced.

Empiricism

are the basic objects of our experience or sensation. It forms the core of our thoughts. It is the products of our direct experience with the world.

IMPRESSIONS

copies of impressions. It is not as lively and vivid as impressions.

IDEAS

The mind and body are so intertwined that they cannot be separated from one another. One cannot find any experience that is not an embodied experience. All experience is embodied. One's body is his opening toward his existence to the world. Because of these bodies, men are in the world.

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

– A merged view of the persona and their social context where the boundaries of one cannot easily be separated from the boundaries of the other.

Social Constructionist Perspective

Marcel Mauss said that the self has _______ faces

person's sense of who he is, his body, and his basic identity, his biological givenness

MOI

the social concepts of what it means to be who he is

PERSONNE

The cognitive and emotional development of a child is always a mimicry of how it is done in the social world, in the external reality where he is in. - A young child internalizes values, norms, practices, and social beliefs and more through exposure to these dialogs that will eventually become part of his individual world. - Each child is born with certain givenness, disposition coming from his parents' genes and general condition of life, the impact of one's family is still deemed as given in understanding the self. - Learning is critical in our capacity to actualize our potential of becoming humans. - A child absorbs and imitates whatever he/she sees around him/ her.

BIOLOGICAL

SEX

CULTURALLY DEFINED

GENDER

- The assumption that all people are heterosexual and that this is the norm, e.g., all married people are husband and wife

Heteronormativity

This is the classification of sex and gender into two distinct and disconnect states of male and female

Gender Binary

The assumption that everyone’s gender aligns with the cultural expectations of sex assigned at birth and that this is the norms, e.g., only women wear dresses.

Cis-normativity

Is how you, in your head think about yourself. - Female/Male/Woman/Man/Genderqueer

GEDER IDENTITY

Is how you demonstrate your gender through the way you act, dress, behave and interact - Feminine, Androgynous, Masculine

GENDER EXPRESSION

Refers to the objectively measurable organs, hormones, and chromosomes. Female = vagina, ovaries, XX chromosomes; Male = penis, testes, XY chromosomes; Intersex = a combination of the two

BIOLOGICAL SEX

Is who you are physically, spiritually, and emotionally attracted to based on their sex/gender in relation to your own - Heterosexual, Bisexual, Homosexual

SEXUAL ORIENTATION

A person who finds intelligence the most sexually attractive feature.

SAPIOSEXUAL

Modifying one’s behavior to adapt to different sociocultural norms

CODE SWITCHING

The singular, gender neutral pronoun

THEY

A gender identity that is constantly shifting

GENDER-FLUID

A person who identifies as having two distinct genders.

BIGENDER

The idea that there are two distinct genders, one female and one male and nothing in between

GENDER-BINARY

person whose sexual orientation is toward another of the opposite sex

HETEROSEXUAL

person whose sexual orientation is toward another of the same sex (lesbian or gay)

HOMOSEXUAL

person who may be sexually oriented to both men and women

BISEXUAL

people experience a gender identity that is inconsistent with or not culturally associated with their assigned sex, and desire to permanently transition to the gender with which they identify

TRANSSEXUAL

persons who are sexually attracted to people regardless of their sex or gender identity

PANSEXUAL

people who do not experience sexual attraction

ASEXUAL

people who experience their gender identity and/or gender expression as falling outside the categories of man and woman. They may define their gender as falling somewhere in between man and woman, or they may define it as wholly different from these terms

NON-BINARY/GENDERQUEER

people whose gender expression is different from conventional expectations of masculinity and femininity

GENDER NON-CONFORMING

_______________ are men, typically gay men, who dress like women for the purpose of entertainment.

Drag queens

persons who identify with the sex they were assigned at birth

CISGENDER

________________ women are not crossdressers or drag queens.

Transgenders

Persons whose gender identity, gender expression or behavior does not conform to that typically associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth.

TRANSGENDER

A person who sometimes wears clothes usually worn by different gender.

Cross-dresser

ALLY CONTINUUM

is the sense of personal identity and of who we are as individuals.

THE SELF AS COGNITIVE CONSTRUCT

no understanding of the issues

APATHETIC

Know basic concepts, not active on behalf of self or others.

AWARE

Well-informed, sharing and seeking diversity when asked/prompted.

ACTIVE

Committed, routinely and proactively championing inclusion.

ADVOCATE

The "____" is the thinking, acting, and feeling self.

Founder of functionalism

WILLIAM JAMES

He was one of the earliest psychologists to study the self and conceptualized the self as having two aspects – the "I" and the "me".

WILLIAM JAMES

The "____" is the physical characteristics and psychological capabilities that makes who you are.

Founder of client-centered therapy.

CARL ROGERS

The ________ refers to the attributes that an individual is aware of

real self

the _________ refers to the self that we wish to be

ideal self

His therapy aimed to make the person achieve balance between their self-concept (real-self) and ideal self.

CARL ROGERS

The Father and Founder of Psychoanalysis.

SIGMUND FREUD

The unconscious self serves as the repository of past experiences, repressed memories, fantasies, and urges.

The three levels of the mind:

- Id (pleasure principle), - Ego (reality principle) and - the Superego (moral principle).

2 MOTIVATION FOR BEHAVIOR

SEX (EROS) AGGRESSION (THANATOS)

libido and such includes urges necessary for survival like thirst, hunger, and sex.

EROS

Theory of Symbolic Interactionism

GEORGE MEAD

directed towards destruction in the form of aggression and violence.

THANATOS

The self is created and developed through human interaction.

Theory of Symbolic Interactionism

Self-evaluation Maintenance Theory

Abraham Tesser

We can feel threatened when someone outperforms us, especially when that person is close to us.

Self-evaluation Maintenance Theory

SOCIAL COMPARISON THEORY

LEON FESTINGER

we learn about ourselves, the appropriateness of our behaviors as well as our social status by comparing aspects of ourselves with other people.

Social Comparison Theory

Known for his theory of social learning by means of modeling. Famous for his proposed concept of self-efficacy.

ALBERT BANDURA

He believes that through our agency we humans are perceived as __________________________________

proactive agents of experiences.

asserts that a person is both proactive and agentic, which means that we have the capacity to exercise control over our life. This theory emphasized that human beings are proactive, self-regulating, self-reflective, and self-organizing.

Social Cognitive Theory

______________ beliefs determine how people feel, think, motivate themselves and behave.

Self-efficacy