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Visual Analysis > VA midterm chapter 4 > Flashcards

VA midterm chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

external observation:

A
  1. walking movements
  2. posture of body and head
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2
Q

head tilted?
**may indicate:

A
  1. vertical Phoria
  2. cyclophoria
  3. ocular paralysis
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3
Q

: explanation given by the patient as to why he is seeking visual care at this time

A

chief complaint

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4
Q

statistical analysis of chief complaint

A
  1. periodic check up
  2. pain
  3. conjunctivitis and blepharitis
  4. cosmetic
  5. glasses are uncomfortable
  6. disturbances of vision
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5
Q

types of pain

A
  1. ocular pain
  2. orbital pain
  3. headache
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6
Q

cosmetic:

A
  1. appearance of glasses
  2. broken glasses
  3. strabismus
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7
Q

glasses are uncomfortable due to:

A

size
fit

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8
Q

disturbances of vision:

A
  1. diplopia
  2. tearing
  3. poor achievement on job or at school
  4. blur at far or near
  5. asthenopia
  6. photophobia
  7. holds things close when he reads
  8. failed screening test
  9. sits too close when watches TV
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9
Q

: interrogation regarding previous eye care received by the patient, benefits like: care and inventory of previous visual complaints

A

ocular history

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10
Q

: apparent to the patient when the peripheral stimuli to fusion have been diminished.

A

diplopia

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11
Q

: motion sickness, accompanied by headache and nausea. peculiar to heterophorias.

A

vertigo

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12
Q

in vertigo, patient will report:

A

dizziness
headache
gastrointestinal disturbances

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13
Q

other symptoms in heterophorias:

A

fatigue
pain in the eyes
blurred vision

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14
Q

: oral infection may cause fusional and motility difficulties

A

dental health

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15
Q

severe dental and oral condition may cause

A

headache
diplopia
motility problem

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16
Q

developmental history:
_______: verbally assertive, dogmatic, shows urge to speak out, create, produce and ask why..

A

four years

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17
Q

developmental history:

_____: learning to get along well with strangers, beginning to play, can dress self up, know his name, age

A

five years

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18
Q

: eye strain due to prolonged near work. this means “weak eye”

A

asthenopia

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19
Q

symptoms of asthenopia:

A

ocular pain
headache
visual fatigue or discomfort
drowsiness
photophobia
congestion
puffiness
itching
irritation

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20
Q

: blur and HA are the most frequent complaints.

A

headaches

21
Q

HA categories:

A
  1. ocular
  2. intracranial disease
  3. psychogenic
  4. migraine
  5. vascular
  6. neuralgias
  7. sinusitis
22
Q

: no headache unless EOR between eyes is unequal or severe or eyes is abused. exposure to bright lights causes HA

A

nearsighted

23
Q

: frontal HA moderate to severe, present daily in afternoon or evening

A

farsighted

24
Q

: produce frontal, vertical and bi-temporal pain associated with slight dizziness, as well as nausea which is relieved after going to bed or resting or taking acetylsalicylic acid

A

EOR

25
Q

EOR associated with muscle error is almost certain to produce:

A

pain
nervousness
irritability
exhaustion
nausea
loss of weight

26
Q

neck pain: due to

A

ocular muscle imbalance

27
Q

Types of ocular headaches according to Elmstrom:

  1. presbyopia: frontal or mid-orbital increasing in duration and severity as day goes. excessive near work may result in residual HA lasting through evening and the ff morning
  2. astigmatic: mid-orbital some cases frontal
  3. vertical phoria: HA overflow brow with a tension and pulling effect. may be unilateral radiation HA
  4. esophoria: HA coming on with near work similar to hyperopia. HA associated with toxemia or internal malfunction requiring medical attention
  5. high exophoria: HA occipital but may extend to frontal
  6. hyperopia: frontal and mid-orbital along with: watery and burning sensation
A
28
Q

gradual blindness

A

cataract
retinal degeneration
chronic glaucoma ‘
choroiditis
presbyopia

29
Q

sudden blindness

A

retinal detachment
hemorrhages
multiple sclerosis
trauma
embolism

30
Q

case history is divided into 9 parts

A

external observation
age
chief complaint
ocular history
health history
education history
developmental history
occupational hx
familial hx

31
Q

astigmatism also known as

A

astigmia

32
Q

high head posture should fit with low bifocal segment

A
33
Q

low head posture fit with high bifocal segment

A
34
Q

patient has difficulty in seating means

A

poor body coordination
impairment of spatial judgment

35
Q
  • blood poisoning by toxins by a local bacteria
A

toxemia

36
Q

constant, severe, deep, steady boring character. felt at the top or front of the head, occipital or cervical region

A

Intracranial disease headache:

37
Q

: paroxymal HA suddenly appearing or disappearing with changes in the position of head

A

ventricle tumor

38
Q

: frequent, regular and annoying but not severe enough to capacitate the patient.

A

ocular HA

39
Q

symptoms of ocular HA

A

dull pain
steady
persistent

40
Q

psychogenic HA

A
  1. tension anxiety
  2. conversion hysteria
41
Q

anxiety equivalent

A

tension anxiety

42
Q
  • relieve emotional tension
A

conversion hysteria

43
Q

: occurrence of scotoma and field defects

A

migraine HA

44
Q

migraine HA occur in people who are:

A

indecisive
insecure
perfectionistic
compulsive
sensitive
anxious
easily discouraged

45
Q

: typical hypertensive HA, dull or throbbing. frontal or fronto-temporal. awakes the patient in the morning from pain

A

vascular HA

46
Q

: dull, non pulsatile in quality, felt in frontal and maxillary region, less often in occipital, severe in the morning

A

sinusitis

47
Q

headaches accompanying changes in lens Rx or visual training: HA experience when start wearing new rx.
Check:

A

PD for distance
PD for near
Base curve of new lens
Absence of tint/ diff tint
Vertical centering of lens
Incorrect amount or axis of astigmia
Vertical prism if present

48
Q

New rx visual discomfort -due to shif in the _______that’s occuring because of the disorganizing phases of the training routine

A

visual pattern

Visual Analysis (4 decks)

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