VA midterm chapter 4

Question 1

external observation:

Answer 1

1. walking movements
2. posture of body and head

Question 2

head tilted?
**may indicate:

Answer 2

1. vertical Phoria
2. cyclophoria
3. ocular paralysis

Question 3

: explanation given by the patient as to why he is seeking visual care at this time

Answer 3

chief complaint

Question 4

statistical analysis of chief complaint

Answer 4

1. periodic check up
2. pain
3. conjunctivitis and blepharitis
4. cosmetic
5. glasses are uncomfortable
6. disturbances of vision

Question 5

types of pain

Answer 5

1. ocular pain
2. orbital pain
3. headache

Question 6

cosmetic:

Answer 6

1. appearance of glasses
2. broken glasses
3. strabismus

Question 7

glasses are uncomfortable due to:

Answer 7

size
fit

Question 8

disturbances of vision:

Answer 8

1. diplopia
2. tearing
3. poor achievement on job or at school
4. blur at far or near
5. asthenopia
6. photophobia
7. holds things close when he reads
8. failed screening test
9. sits too close when watches TV

Question 9

: interrogation regarding previous eye care received by the patient, benefits like: care and inventory of previous visual complaints

Answer 9

ocular history

Question 10

: apparent to the patient when the peripheral stimuli to fusion have been diminished.

Answer 10

diplopia

Question 11

: motion sickness, accompanied by headache and nausea. peculiar to heterophorias.

Answer 11

vertigo

Question 12

in vertigo, patient will report:

Answer 12

dizziness
headache
gastrointestinal disturbances

Question 13

other symptoms in heterophorias:

Answer 13

fatigue
pain in the eyes
blurred vision

Question 14

: oral infection may cause fusional and motility difficulties

Answer 14

dental health

Question 15

severe dental and oral condition may cause

Answer 15

headache
diplopia
motility problem

Question 16

developmental history:
_______: verbally assertive, dogmatic, shows urge to speak out, create, produce and ask why..

Answer 16

four years

Question 17

developmental history:

_____: learning to get along well with strangers, beginning to play, can dress self up, know his name, age

Answer 17

five years

Question 18

: eye strain due to prolonged near work. this means “weak eye”

Answer 18

asthenopia

Question 19

symptoms of asthenopia:

Answer 19

ocular pain
headache
visual fatigue or discomfort
drowsiness
photophobia
congestion
puffiness
itching
irritation

Question 20

: blur and HA are the most frequent complaints.

Answer 20

headaches

Question 21

HA categories:

Answer 21

1. ocular
2. intracranial disease
3. psychogenic
4. migraine
5. vascular
6. neuralgias
7. sinusitis

Question 22

: no headache unless EOR between eyes is unequal or severe or eyes is abused. exposure to bright lights causes HA

Answer 22

nearsighted

Question 23

: frontal HA moderate to severe, present daily in afternoon or evening

Answer 23

farsighted

Question 24

: produce frontal, vertical and bi-temporal pain associated with slight dizziness, as well as nausea which is relieved after going to bed or resting or taking acetylsalicylic acid

Answer 24

EOR

Question 25

EOR associated with muscle error is almost certain to produce:

Answer 25

pain nervousness irritability exhaustion nausea loss of weight

Question 26

neck pain: due to

Answer 26

ocular muscle imbalance

Question 27

Types of ocular headaches according to Elmstrom: 1. presbyopia: frontal or mid-orbital increasing in duration and severity as day goes. excessive near work may result in residual HA lasting through evening and the ff morning 2. astigmatic: mid-orbital some cases frontal 3. vertical phoria: HA overflow brow with a tension and pulling effect. may be unilateral radiation HA 4. esophoria: HA coming on with near work similar to hyperopia. HA associated with toxemia or internal malfunction requiring medical attention 5. high exophoria: HA occipital but may extend to frontal 6. hyperopia: frontal and mid-orbital along with: watery and burning sensation

Question 28

gradual blindness

Answer 28

cataract retinal degeneration chronic glaucoma ‘ choroiditis presbyopia

Question 29

sudden blindness

Answer 29

retinal detachment hemorrhages multiple sclerosis trauma embolism

Question 30

case history is divided into 9 parts

Answer 30

external observation age chief complaint ocular history health history education history developmental history occupational hx familial hx

Question 31

astigmatism also known as

Answer 31

astigmia

Question 32

high head posture should fit with low bifocal segment

Question 33

low head posture fit with high bifocal segment

Question 34

patient has difficulty in seating means

Answer 34

poor body coordination impairment of spatial judgment

Question 35

- blood poisoning by toxins by a local bacteria

Answer 35

toxemia

Question 36

constant, severe, deep, steady boring character. felt at the top or front of the head, occipital or cervical region

Answer 36

Intracranial disease headache:

Question 37

: paroxymal HA suddenly appearing or disappearing with changes in the position of head

Answer 37

ventricle tumor

Question 38

: frequent, regular and annoying but not severe enough to capacitate the patient.

Answer 38

ocular HA

Question 39

symptoms of ocular HA

Answer 39

dull pain steady persistent

Question 40

psychogenic HA

Answer 40

1. tension anxiety 2. conversion hysteria

Question 41

anxiety equivalent

Answer 41

tension anxiety

Question 42

- relieve emotional tension

Answer 42

conversion hysteria

Question 43

: occurrence of scotoma and field defects

Answer 43

migraine HA

Question 44

migraine HA occur in people who are:

Answer 44

indecisive insecure perfectionistic compulsive sensitive anxious easily discouraged

Question 45

: typical hypertensive HA, dull or throbbing. frontal or fronto-temporal. awakes the patient in the morning from pain

Answer 45

vascular HA

Question 46

: dull, non pulsatile in quality, felt in frontal and maxillary region, less often in occipital, severe in the morning

Answer 46

sinusitis

Question 47

headaches accompanying changes in lens Rx or visual training: HA experience when start wearing new rx. Check:

Answer 47

PD for distance PD for near Base curve of new lens Absence of tint/ diff tint Vertical centering of lens Incorrect amount or axis of astigmia Vertical prism if present

Question 48

New rx visual discomfort -due to shif in the _______that’s occuring because of the disorganizing phases of the training routine

Answer 48

visual pattern