vaccination Flashcards
(21 cards)
what must vaccines contain
some form of antigenic material in order to activate a primary immune response
what forms can vaccines contain
1.A less harmful, whole, living organism with similar antigens to the real disease
2.A harmless/attenuated form of the pathogen
3.A dead pathogen
4.A preparation of the antigens from the pathogen
5.A toxoid (harmless version of toxin produced by pathogen)
what is herd immunity
Providing immunity to the vast majority of a population
how does herd immunity help unimmunised people
the more people immunised, the less likely someone unimmunised is to come into contact with ban infectious individual
whats a ring vaccination
-used when a new case is reported
-vaccinating all the people in first contact/ around the new case (stop the spread)
-can be as close as people in surrounding houses or closest village/town
-ring of vaccinated people around infected to stop spread
whats an epidemic
-rapid spread of a disease through a high proportion of a population
how does an epidemic arise
-often arises due to a pathogen mutating and no loner being recognised by memory cells
whats a pandemic
a worldwide epidemic
example of an epidemic
-2009-2010 the swine flu in the uk
-spanish flu
whats natural active immunity (vaccination)
-catching a disease and creating own antibodies
-antibodies made as a result of infection, suffer once then immune
advantage of natural active immunity (vaccination)
-long term immunity as you produced your own B and T memory cells
disadvantage of natural active immunity (vaccination)
-you have to suffer the symptoms
-could be very bad or even fatal
what is natural passive immunity (vaccination)
-natural antibodies provided from mother via placenta/milk
advantages of natural passive immunity (vaccination)
-protects baby who has immature immune system for the first few months of life
disadvantages of natural passive immunity (vaccination)
-short lived effect
-antibodies foreign so broken down by immune system
what is artificial active immunity (vaccination)
-vaccination with antigens from pathogen
-immunity provided from antibodies made as a result of vaccination
advantages of artificial active immunity (vaccination)
-long term immunity as body produces own memory B and T cells
disadvantages of of artificial active immunity (vaccination)
-possible side effects of vaccination
-feat of needles
what is artificial passive immunity (vaccination)
-given antibodies made from another person/animal
advantage of artificial passive immunity (vaccination)
-quick response to very dangerous diseases
disadvantage of artificial passive immunity (vaccination)
-very short lived, no memory cells made
