Valuing Diversity Flashcards
(37 cards)
List the 3 types of diversity and define each
1) Demographic - culture, ethnicity, age, gender
2) Personal - personality, communication style
3) Abilities and Skills - social and technical
Describe the Identity Salience Model
The identity salience model addresses the limitations to having all dimensions of diversity recognized. The main thing it states is that different identities are activated in different social contexts.
In terms of PRODUCTION TASKS, what does it state on how diversity relates to group performance?
groups with more diversity in terms of technical skills tend to perform better
Describe the Kohler effect and what similar term it relates to
Kohler effect is when less skilled group members improve their performance to more closely match that of their partners. This relates to production tasks
The Kohler effect has been found to be stronger in _____ than _____ tasks and in women than men
conjunctive than disjunctive tasks
In terms of INTELLECTIVE TASKS, what does it state on how diversity relates to group performance?
groups with more diversity in terms of gender tend to perform better
In terms of DECISION-MAKING TASKS, what does it state on how diversity relates to group performance?
a variety of indices of diversity appear to relate to superior group performance. Such as personality traits, leadership skills, and attitudes
What are 3 challenges diverse groups can experience that homogenous ones wont?
1) Interaction strain
2) Faultlines
3) Reduced cohesion
Define ethnicity
social group with a shared:
1) history
2) sense of identity
3) geography
4) cultural roots
which may occur despite racial difference
Define race
a human population that are distinct based on PHYSICAL characteristics.
Define culture
the perspectives, practices and products of a social group
Cultural Diversity:
State Locke’s multidimensional view of culture (10)
He believed that cultures can be known up to 10 dimensions:
1) Acculturation
2) Poverty
3) History of Oppression
4) Language and Arts
5) Prejudice and racism
6) Sociopolitical factors
7) Childrearing practices
8) Religious practices
9) Family structure & dynamics
10) Cultural values & attitudes
Cultural Diversity:
Which one of Locke’s dimensions of culture has received the most empirical attention?
The dimensions of cultural values and attitudes
List the commonly researched constructs that differentiate cultures in terms of their underlying values (6)
1) Individualism vs collectivism (most researched)
2) Direct vs Indirect communication
3) Internal vs External control
4) Achieved vs ascribed status
5) Relative vs absolute rules
6) Affective vs neutral interaction
What did the researcher Hofstede explore?
Cross-cultural differences in individualism-collectivism in the workplace
Define Stereotyping and why we do it
holding beliefs about social groups from the traits/characteristics that all members are believed to share. We do it to categorize and help to make the social world seem more predictable
Cons of stereotyping
1) People will never have accurate thoughts about the stereotypes because every group is heterogenous to a certain degree
2) People don’t see an individual, but more as a member of a group.
What 3 information processes does stereotyping affect?
1) Attention - stereotype info is generally more noticed.
2) Accessibility - stereotype info is more accessible than non stereotype info
3) Recall - info related to a stereotype is more effectively remembered
Define outgroup homogeneity and what it is in contrast to
when members of an OUTGROUP are perceived to be “all alike” than members of the INGROUP. It is in contrast to ingroup differentiation
Define ingroup differentiation and what it is in contrast to
the belief that members of own groups are more heterogenous. It is in contrast to outgroup homogeneity.
How can outgroup homogeneity and ingroup differentiation be influenced?
By the reduced knowledge about and experience that people have regarding their outgroups vs their ingroups
Define ingroup homogeneity effect
most common among minority groups that are seeking to unite against perceived discrimination and inequality
Define prejudice
negative ATTITUDES towards members of specific social groups
Define Discrimination
Differential (usually negative) BEHAVIOURS directed towards members of different social groups. This is prejudice IN ACTION.
