Vanders blood notes

Question 1

What are the three main plasma protein groups?

Answer 1

Albumins, globulins and fibrinogin

Question 2

What is serum?

Answer 2

Plasma minus proteins involved in clotting

Question 3

In hamoglobin, What does oxgen bind to?

Answer 3

Fe2+

Question 4

What is the diameter of a red blood cell?

Answer 4

7 microns

Question 5

Do erythrocytes have ribosomes?

Answer 5

NO

Question 6

Where does destruction of erythrocytes NORMALLY occur?

Answer 6

Liver or spleen

Question 7

When stored in the liver, what is iron bound to?

Answer 7

ferritin

Question 8

When being delivered to the bone marrow, what is iron bound to?

Answer 8

transferrin

Question 9

What is folic acid required for the synthesis of?

Answer 9

Thymine

Question 10

Intrinsic factor is required for the absorption of what vitamin?

Answer 10

B12

Question 11

What hormone regulates erythropoiesis?

Answer 11

Erythropoietin

Question 12

What organ secretes erythropoietin?

Answer 12

The kidneys

Question 13

What does the hormone erythropoietin stimulate?

Answer 13

Erythropoiesis

Question 14

What is another word for white blood cell?

Answer 14

Leukocyte

Question 15

Where can you find eosinophils?

Answer 15

Blood + Mucosal lining of GI tract, Respiratory tract and urinary tract

Question 16

What two things beginning with H do basophils secrete?

Answer 16

Heparin + Histamine

Question 17

When cytoplasmic portions are pinched off megakaryocytes what do these portions form?

Answer 17

Platelets

Question 18

Give 5 examples of hematopoietic growth factors

Answer 18

erythropoietin
colony stimulating factors
interleukins
thrombopoietin
stem cell factor

Question 19

Which hematopoietic growth factor stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes?

Answer 19

Colony stimulating factors

Question 20

What is the function of the HGF, thrombopoietin?

Answer 20

Stimulates platelet formation

Question 21

How do platelets largely adhere to collagen?

Answer 21

Via the intermediary- Von Willebrand Factor vWF

Question 22

What secretes vWF?

Answer 22

Platelets and endothelial cells q

Question 23

Describe the functions of thromboxane A2

Answer 23

1. Stimulates platelet aggregation by activating platelets

2. Stimulates vasoconstriction

Question 24

What forms bridges between platelets?

Answer 24

Fibrinogen

Question 25

What cells synthesise prostacyclin?

Answer 25

undamaged endothelial cells

Question 26

What can we shorten prostacyclin to?

Answer 26

PGI2

Question 27

What effect does prostacyclin have on platelet aggregation?

Answer 27

Inhibits platelet aggregation

Question 28

In addition to prostacyclin, what do endothelial cells also produce that acts as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation?

Answer 28

Nitric oxide

Question 29

What is prostacyclin synthesised from?

Answer 29

Arachidonic acids

Question 30

Which coagulation pathway has everything necessary for it to occur in the blood?

Answer 30

Intrinsic pathway

Question 31

What is activated first in the intrinsic pathway?

Answer 31

Factor XII

Question 32

What does XIIa activate in the intrinsic pathway?

Answer 32

Factor XI

Question 33

What does factor XIa activate in the intrinsic pathway?

Answer 33

Factor IX

Question 34

What is factor X activated by in the intrinsic pathway and what is also required for this reaction?

Answer 34

Activated by factor IXa with the help of factor VIIIa

Question 35

Factor VIIIa is involved in the activation of what factor?

Answer 35

Factor X

Question 36

What factor converts prothrombin to thrombin with the help of factor Va?

Answer 36

Xa

Question 37

What does factor Va assist with the conversion of?

Answer 37

Prothrombin to thrombin (using Xa)

Question 38

What does tissue factor bind to at the start of the extrinisic pathway?

Answer 38

Factor VII

Question 39

When factor VII binds to tissue factor it becomes?

Answer 39

Factor VIIa (activated)

Question 40

Describe the functions of factor VIIa in the extrinsic pathway?

Answer 40

Converts IX to IXa | Converts X to Xa

Question 41

Describe the effect thrombin has in the intrinsic pathway?

Answer 41

Positive feedback

Question 42

Which pathway is less important for initiation but more important for amplification in the coagulation cascade?

Answer 42

The intrinsic pathway (positive feedback on pathway from thrombin)

Question 43

What is factor XIII activated by?

Answer 43

Thrombin

Question 44

What is the function of factor XIIIa?

Answer 44

Stabilises fibrin network

Question 45

What clotting factors does thrombin increase the activation of?

Answer 45

XI VIII V

Question 46

Which organ produces clotting factors?

Answer 46

Liver

Question 47

What vitamin is important in the production of clotting factors?

Answer 47

Vitamin K

Question 48

What does the liver produce that are important for the absorption of vitamin K?

Answer 48

Bile salts

Question 49

What inactivates thrombin and other clotting factors that is more effective when bound to heparin?

Answer 49

Antithrombin III

Question 50

What activates protein C?

Answer 50

Thrombin bound to thrombomodulin

Question 51

What does protein C inactivate?

Answer 51

XIIIa and Va

Question 52

What is sectreted from endothelial cells and binds to tissue factor-factor VIIa complexes?

Answer 52

Tissue factor pathway Inhibitor

Question 53

What increases the ability of tissue plasminogen activator to generate plasmin?

Answer 53

fibrin