Variables

Question 1

Independent variable

Answer 1

The variable that is manipulated by the researcher or changed from one condition to the next. The impact of this manipulation/change is measured by the researcher to establish cause and effect.

Question 2

Dependent Variable

Answer 2

Variable that is measured by the researcher. Results obtained from measuring dependent variables will allow the researcher to establish cause and effect.

Question 3

Confounding Variable

Answer 3

Variables in a study that are not being measured or manipulated by the researcher but affect the results of SOME OR CERTAIN participants behaviour have negative consequences of validity.

Question 4

Extraneous Variable

Answer 4

Variables not being measured or manipulated by the researcher but affect of ALL or EVERY participants’ behaviour equally, have a negative impact on validity.

Question 5

Co-Variable

Answer 5

Two or more variables that are related to each other in some way. Research measures the co variables to establish if there is a relationship between them. Used in correlations

Question 6

Key Variables

Answer 6

are the main behaviours or aspects that are being investigated by the researcher. Key variables will allow the researcher to focus their research onto specific behaviours, thoughts or opinions of the participants.

Question 7

Operationalisation

Answer 7

Operationalisation of variables means that a variable is explained in ways that are meaningful and measurable. Operationalisation helps improve and increase both accuracy and consistency within investigation.