Variety of Living Organisms and Immunity Y9/10

Question 1

What are some examples of Fungi?

Answer 1

Yeast and Mucor

Question 2

What are some examples of Bacteria? and the use?

Answer 2

Lactobacillicus used for making milk and Pneumonnocos- Causes Pneumonia

Question 3

What are some examples of Protoctists? and the use?

Answer 3

Ameoba and Plasmodium- This is PaTHOGENIC and causes malaria

Question 4

What are some examples of Viruses?

Answer 4

HIV- Causes AIDS which weakens the immune system, Tobacco Mosaic Virus - Plant tissue death and leaf discolouration, Influenza Disease = Flu

Question 5

Why are Microbes important?

Answer 5

they are very important to us

as they help recycle waste products and decompose organisms when they die

Question 6

Which of the Microbes are pathogenic?

Answer 6

Viruses

Question 7

Which of the Microbes contain a cytoplasm?

Answer 7

Fungi, Bacteria and Protoctists.

Question 8

What are the cell walls of Bacteria made from?

Answer 8

Protein and Carbohydrate

Question 9

Which Microbes contain cell walls?

Answer 9

Fungi, Bacteria and Protoctists (some)

Question 10

Which of the microbes contain Nucleus’?

Answer 10

Fungi and Protoctists

Question 11

What do viruses have instead of Nucleus’?

Answer 11

Loose DNA/RNA

Question 12

What do Bacteria have instead of Nucleus?

Answer 12

(single circular chromosome &

plasmids)

Question 13

Which Microbes store Carbohydrates?

Answer 13

Fungi and Protoctists

Question 14

Which Microbes Photosynthesise?

Answer 14

Bacteria and Protoctists

Question 15

How Do Fungi gain Nutrition?

Answer 15

Saprotrophic Nutrition- Fungi secrete extracellular digestive enzymes onto their food to
break it down into small, soluble molecules. These molecules then diffuse into the fungus from a region of
high concentration to low concentration.

Question 16

How do Bacteria gain Nutrition?

Answer 16

 Some bacteria are able to photosynthesis using a form of chlorophyll in their cytoplasm. These are called
autotrophs
Most feed off other living or dead organisms, and many are important decomposers

Question 17

How do Protoctists gain Nutrition?

Answer 17

Auto or Heterotrophic

Question 18

How do Fungi’s Reproduce?

Answer 18

Sexual/Asexual

Question 19

How do Bacteria Reproduce?

Answer 19

Asexual- Binary Fission

Question 20

How do Protoctists Reproduce?

Answer 20

Sexual/Asexual

Question 21

How do Virus’ Reproduce?

Answer 21

Replicate inside of their hosts cell

Question 22

What is Mould an example of?

Answer 22

FUngi

Question 23

How do Mould reproduce?

Answer 23

Moulds reproduce asexually by producing spores (which are light and
carried away in the wind)

Question 24

How do Yeast Reproduce?

Answer 24

Yeast is a single-celled fungus that

reproduces asexually by budding

Question 25

Why are Virus' considered as non living organisms?

Answer 25

. They are usually considered non-living | because they do not respire, grow, move or excrete. Nor are they able to sense and respond to their environment

Question 26

What is the only thing that Virus' can do that is a characteristic of a living organism?

Answer 26

Reproduction

Question 27

What is an example of a pathogenic Protoctist?

Answer 27

Plasmodium which causes malaria

Question 28

What is a Pathogen?

Answer 28

A Pathogen is an organism which causes disease.

Question 29

What si the Use of the Skin in the immune System?

Answer 29

Dry, dead outer cells are difficult for pathogens to penetrate and the sebaceaous glands produce oils which help to kill microbes

Question 30

What is the use of Nasal Hairs in the immune system?

Answer 30

Keeps out dust and larger organisms

Question 31

What is the Use of Mucus in the immune system?

Answer 31

Traps dust and microbes

Question 32

What is the use of Cilia in the immune system?

Answer 32

Tiny hairs that sweep the mucus and trapped microbes to the back of the throat to be swallowed.

Question 33

What is the use of Tears in protecting the immune system?

Answer 33

Wash out the bacteria in the eyes. Also contain the enzymes that kill bacteria.

Question 34

What is the use of stomach acid in the immune system?

Answer 34

Kills Bacteria entering the digestive system?

Question 35

What is the use of Platelets in the immune system?

Answer 35

To prevent entry of pathogens to open wounds as form blood clots which can harden to form scabs.

Question 36

What are the two types of white blood cells that are also involved in fighting pathogens?

Answer 36

Lymphocytes and Phagocytes

Question 37

What is the specific response of a Lymphocyte?

Answer 37

produces antibodies to fight pathogens

Question 38

How do antibodies destroy pathogens?

Answer 38

Clump pathogens together so more easily engulfed. • Acts as markers to identify the pathogen. • Neutralise toxins produced by pathogen using antitoxins.

Question 39

State Three ways in which you can become immune to a disease?

Answer 39

Specific shape for antibodies Natural genes Antibodies transfer --> immunification

Question 40

Phagocytes in Digestion?

Answer 40

Phagocytes move towards the pathogen, binds to it, pushes a sleve of cytoplasm to surround it. It then engulfs it inside the vacuole and digestive enzymes are realesed to break pathogen down.

Question 41

What are the differences between phagocytes and lymphocytes?

Answer 41

Lymphocytes attach to the antigen and destructs Pathogen. The antigen causes enzymes to split open the pathogen's cell membrane and also tags pathogens for phagocytes

Question 42

What is an Antigen?

Answer 42

A protein which stimulates an immune response. They are Complementary i shape

Question 43

What is the definition of coagulation?

Answer 43

Coagulation is the Formation of a blood clot

Question 44

What is the definition of Foreign?

Answer 44

Something which is not a part of the host organism

Question 45

Features of Plants?

Answer 45

Multicellular Can Photosynthesise Cell walls made from cellulose Store Carbs as Sucrose or Starch

Question 46

Features of Animals?

Answer 46

``` Multicellular No Photosynthesis No Cell Walls Have Nervous Coordination - respond quickly to things in the environment Can Move Store Carbs as Glycogen ```

Question 47

Features of Fungi?

Answer 47

``` Some single celled Others have a body called mycelium (made from hyphae) (thread like structure) which contains a lot of nuclei No Photosynthesis Cell Walls made from Chitin Feed via Saphotrophic Nutrition Store Carbs as Glycogen ```

Question 48

Features of Protoctists?

Answer 48

Single celled and microscopic Some have Chloroplasts and are similar to plant cells (Chlorella) Others more like animal cells (Ameoba)

Question 49

Features of Bacteria?

Answer 49

``` Single Celled and Microspopic No Nucleus Circular Chromosome of DNA Some Photosynthesise Most feed off other organisms- living or dead ```

Question 50

Features of Viruses?

Answer 50

Particles instead of cells Can reproduce inside living cells. Infect all types of living organisms. Come in loads of different shapes and sizes No cellular Strucutre (Protein Coat and DNA or RNA)