Bits you forget

Question 1

What is a Hormone?

Answer 1

Chemical released into the bloodstream, that travels to a distant site and acts upon a target receptor to cause a particular physiological response

Question 2

Where is insulin produced?

Answer 2

Pancreas

Question 3

What does Insulin in the liver do?

Answer 3

Stimulates the liver to turn glucose into glycogen

Question 4

Things you need to keep the same in the body?

Answer 4

Water, Ions, Blood Sugar, Temp c’ and pH levels

Question 5

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 5

Maintainance of a constant internal environment

Question 6

What happens to urine concentration and volume when your in a hot place or excercising?

Answer 6

Sweating more –> Losing More Water

Blood water levels will be lower

High ADH

Reabsorbs more water from urine

Urine Volume is much lower

Question 7

What Happens when you are too hot?

Answer 7

Sweat –> Evaporates transferring heat energy from the skin to the environment

Vasodilation –> Blood vessles near the skin surface widen, allowing more blood flow to the surface of the skin. This allows more heat to be lost to the environment

Hairs Lie Flat

Question 8

What happens when you’re too cold?

Answer 8

Very little sweat is produced

Vasoconstriction –> blood vessels near the surface of the skin constrict, reducing blood flow near the surface of the skin helping to reduce the amount of heat lost from the surface of the skin

Shiver –> Increases the rate of respiration because of increased muscle contraction and increased requirement of energy –> Heat energy warms the body

Piloerection –> Hairs stand up –> Trap heat to produce insulating layer around the skin

Question 9

Do large animals have a high SA:V?

Answer 9

Low SA:V (SO NO)

Question 10

Do large animals cool down slower or faster?

Answer 10

Cool down slower as they lose heat to surroundings at a slower rate

Question 11

2 Responses to stimuli?

Answer 11

Geotropism

Phototropism

Question 12

What are Auxins?

Answer 12

Plant hormones that control growth at the tips of shoots and roots

Question 13

What is a Shoot’s response to light?

Answer 13

Positively Phototropic

When a shoot tip is exposed to light, it accumulates more auxins on the shaded side than the side in the light

This makes the cells grow (elongate) faster on the shaded side compared to the non-shaded side

This helps to bend the shoot towards the light

(Auxins promote growth in shoots)

Question 14

What is a Roots response to light?

Answer 14

Negatively Phototropic

Auxins inhibit Growth

If a root starts being exposed to some light, more auxins accumulate on the more shaded side

The auxins inhibits cell elongation on the shaded side, so the root bends downwards back into the ground

Roots that are underground aren’t exposed to light, they grow downwards due to positive geotropism

Question 15

What is a Chromosome?

Answer 15

Long lengths of DNA coiled up around proteins

Question 16

Diploid?

Answer 16

Have 2 copies of each chromosome arranged in pairs

Question 17

Differences between DNA and RNA?

Answer 17

DNA HAS A T C G
RNA HAS A U C G

Thymine is too big to get out of the nucleus

RNA contains sugar
DNA doesn’t contain sugar

Question 18

What is Meiosis used for?

What is Mitosis Used for?

Answer 18

Making Gametes

Mitosis used for growth and repair

Question 19

What is the Male Reproductive Part of the Flower?

What is the Female Reproductive Part of the Flower

Answer 19

Stamen (male)

Carpel (female)

Question 20

What are the Male Reproductive Parts of the Flower

Answer 20

Anther –> Produce male sex cells (pollen grains)

Question 21

What are the Male Reproductive Parts of the Flower

Answer 21

Anther –> Produce male sex cells (pollen grains)

Filament–> Supports the Anther

Question 22

What are the Female Reproductive Parts of the Flower?

Answer 22

Stigma –> The top of the female part of the flower which collects pollen grains
Style –>
Ovary –> Produces the female sex cells (contained in the ovules)

Question 23

Pollination?

Answer 23

Transfer of Pollen from Anther –> Stigma so that the male gametes can fertilise the female gametes in sexual reproduction

Question 24

Investigating Seed Germination?

Answer 24

Have 4 Test Tubes

1- Water, O2, Temperature
2- No water, O2, Temperature
3- Water, O2, Low Temp
4- Water, no O2, room temp

Tube 1 will grow the most

Question 25

What are two ways of Asexually producing plants?

Answer 25

Runners --> Only works in Strawberry plants Fast growing stems that grow out sideways just above the ground which take root at various points (Short distance away from parent plant to form new genetically identical plants) Artificial Cutting --> Take cuttings from good parent plants and planting them to produce genetically identical copies of the parent plant

Question 26

What does Oestrogen do in woman?

Answer 26

Breasts develop

Question 27

What does the Corpeus Luteum produce?

Answer 27

Produces Progestorone which maintains the lining of the uterus HCG allows the Corpus Luteum to survive

Question 28

What does Amniotic Fluid do?

Answer 28

Protects the embryo against knocks and bumps

Question 29

How is a carrier represented on a family tree diagram?

Answer 29

Half Shaded

Question 30

What is Population?

Answer 30

All the organisms of one species in a habitat

Question 31

What is an Ecosystem?

Answer 31

All the organisms living in a particular area and all the non-living conditions

Question 32

What is Biodiversity?

Answer 32

The Variety of different species on Earth or in an ecosystem

Question 33

How to use a Quadrat to find the population of X?

Answer 33

Use Random Number Generator to pick coordinates in which you will place your quadrats Count all the organisms of interest within a quadrat and repeat multiple times. Work out the mean number of organisms per quadrat (1st sample area) Repeat step 1 to 3 for 2nd sample area and finally compare the 2 means Estimate Population size by scaling up

Question 34

How to study the Distribution of Species in an environment?

Answer 34

Use Bell Transect to study the distribution across a habitat Mark out a line in the area you want to study Collect data using Quadrats which are placed next to each other Count Number of organisms of interest/ or measure abiotic factor (pH) at each Quadrat Measure the mean number of Organisms in each Quadrat or the percentage cover when appropriate' Plot the Graph to see if changing abitiotic factors is correleated with a change in the distribution of species you are studying

Question 35

Producers?

Answer 35

Organisms which make their own food using energy from the sun

Question 36

How is energy lost in a trophic level?

Answer 36

Staying Alive | Some parts of food are indigestible so pass through the organism as faeces

Question 37

What are the 4 types of Bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 37

Decomposers --> Break Down Proteins and Urea into Ammonium Ions Nitrifying Bacteria --> Ammonium Ions --> Nitrates (Nitrification) Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria --> N2 --> Nitrogen compounds taken up by plants Denitrifying Bacteria --> Nitrates --> N2

Question 38

Where is Sulfur Dioxide formed from?

Answer 38

Sulfur Impurities from fossil fuels

Question 39

What is the Greenhouse effect?

Answer 39

Greenhouse Gases (H2O, Methane Gas,Co2) Build up of these gases in the atmosphere that causes the greenhouse effect These gases trap heat within the atmosphere hezating up the Earth

Question 40

Man made Sources of Methane?

Answer 40

Cattle Farming | Rice Farming

Question 41

What does Deforestation lead to?

Answer 41

Leaching --> When trees are removed, nutrients gets leached away but don't get replaced leaving the soil infertile Soil Erosion --> Tree Roots hold the soil together when trees are removed. Soil can be washed away by rain leaving an infertile ground Global Warming Disturbs Evapotranspiration