Varsity - Science Flashcards
1
Q
What are the three methods of thermal energy transfer?
A
convection, conduction, and radiation
2
Q
Identify the biome with a name meaning “treeless plain,” which is noted for its frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons.
A
Tundra
3
Q
What is the name for ions in solution that don’t react with the other ions?
A
Spectator (ions)
4
Q
What is the theoretical limit for a population’s growth within a habitat?
A
Carrying Capacity
5
Q
Name the pile of debris composed of rock fragments deposited by a retreating glacier.
A
Moraine
6
Q
Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 160 grams of sodium hydroxide in two liters of water.
A
2 (molar or moles/liter)
7
Q
What term is used to describe how each strand in a double-stranded DNA molecule runs in opposite directions?
A
Antiparallel
8
Q
What 2 compounds are produced by the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?
A
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O)
9
Q
What does the area under an acceleration time graph represent about the motion of an object?
A
Change in velocity (must say both change and velocity)
10
Q
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur on what part of the chloroplast?
A
Thylakoid Membrane
11
Q
What unit is equivalent to kilograms meters per second squared?
A
Newtons
12
Q
What gas makes up about 97% of Venus’ atmosphere?
A
Carbon Dioxide
13
Q
Name the biology term for the protein filaments that, along with myosin, allow muscles to contract.
A
Actin
14
Q
What is the unit of magnetic field strength?
A
Tesla
15
Q
How many electrons are there in the outer energy level of a potassium atom?
A
1
16
Q
What two substances will form from the heating of calcium carbonate?
A
Calcium Oxide and Carbon Dioxide
17
Q
Through what galactic process does a large galaxy merge with another galaxy?
A
Galactic Cannibalism
18
Q
What term is used for a group of three bases on the DNA molecule?
A
Codon
19
Q
What type of organism is found at the second trophic level of the food chain?
A
Herbivores
20
Q
What magnesium metal is placed in hydrochloric acid, which element is reduced, and which element is oxidized?
A
Magnesium is Oxidized, Hydrogen is Reduced
21
Q
A cyclist travels 5 miles east and then 12 miles south. What is the magnitude, in miles, of the cyclist’s displacement?
A
13 (Miles)
22
Q
Name the cell organelles that are stacked, flattened membranes that sort proteins and other cellular substances and package them into membrane-bound structures called vesicles.
A
Golgi Bodies
23
Q
The loudness of a sound wave is related to what physical measurement of the sound wave?
A
Amplitude (or Pressure)
24
Q
On the geologic time scale, in what current epoch is the Earth?
A
Holocene Epoch
25
Name the hydrogen carrier or electron acceptor in photosynthesis that provides energized electrons to the Calvin Cycle.
NADP (accept NADPH)
26
What is the name of the British physicist who is most widely accredited with the discovery of the electron?
(J.J.) Thomson
27
Use acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared. A ball is thrown straight up at 30 meters per second. Neglecting air resistance, how high does the ball go?
45 Meters
28
Where do most comets with a revolution of greater than 200 years originate?
The Oort Cloud
29
Carbon 14 is used in carbon dating to find out how long ago a living organism died. What isotope does carbon-14 decay into?
Nitrogen 14 (Must Include the 14)
30
What is the term for the hole in the epidermis of a leaf that is used for gas exchange?
Stomata (Also Accept Stomatic Complex or Stoma)
31
A boy exerts a force of 64 Newtons when he lifts a box half a meter. How much work does he do?
32 Joules
32
The control of breathing is centered in which area of the brain?
Medulla Oblongata
33
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an atom of tungsten, whose atomic number is 74 and whose atomic mass is 185?
Protons = 74
Neutrons = 111
Electrons = 74
(Stating 74, 111, 74 in that order is also acceptable)
34
What biology term refers to the movement of individuals out of a population?
Emigration
35
What is the term for a quickly spinning neutron star that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation?
Pulsar
36
Three resistors with resistance of 20 ohms, 30 ohms, and 50 ohms are all connected in series to a 125 volt power supply. What is the current in the circuit?
1.25 Amps or Amperes
37
Using acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared, a ball is thrown straight up at 55 meters per second. Neglecting air resistance, how many seconds total is the ball in the air before returning to the height it was thrown?
11 (seconds)
38
What two-word term is given to two or more compounds with the same chemical formula but different arrangements of atoms?
Structural Isomers
39
In mRNA, what does the nucleotide adenine pair with?
Uracil
40
What Danish physicist in 1913 introduced an atomic model with electrons in discrete orbits around a positively charged nucleus?
Niels Bohr
41
What is the chemical substance secreted by members of an animal species that affects other members of the same species?
Pheromone
42
What Era is divided into the three periods of Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous?
Mesozoic
43
What term is given to four chromatids?
Tetrad
44
What type of acceleration is defined as acceleration directed toward the center of a circular path?
Centripetal (Acceleration) (Do Not Accept Centrifugal)
45
What theory states that repulsion between the sets of valence electrons surrounding an atom causes these sets to be oriented as far as possible?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory or VESPR Theory (Pronounce "Vesper")
46
What name is given to the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower?
Stamen
47
What term is given to the minimum angle of incidence that produces total internal reflection?
Critical (Angle)
48
Name the layer of Earth's crust that is just below the lithosphere.
Asthenosphere
49
What biology term refers to the amount and variety of organisms in an area?
Biodiversity
50
Whose loop and junction rules govern voltage and current in electric circuits?
Kirchoff
51
Determine the volume in milliliters of a 0.25 molar sodium hydroxide solution needed to titrate 100 milliliters of a 0.50 molar hydrochloric acid solution.
200 (milliliters)
52
Give the name of the scientific discipline that studies the origin and development of the universe.
Cosmology
53
Barbara McClintock, the first American woman to win the Nobel prize, discovered this type of gene, commonly known as "jumping genes."
Transposable Genes (or Transposons)
54
Rounded to the nearest whole number, what is the mass of 1 mole of acetic acid?
60 Grams
55
What physics quantity is the absolute value of the slope of a position time graph?
Speed (Not Velocity), also accept average speed or instantaneous speed
56
What term is used to designate the separation of an iceberg from the front of a glacier when the glacier reaches the sea?
Calving
57
What is the term for random changes in allele frequencies in a population?
Genetic Drift
58
A 20-kilogram rocket is launched at an angle of 35 degrees to the horizontal at a speed of 30 meters per second. Neglecting air resistance, at what other angle will the rocket have the same horizontal range if launched at the same speed?
55 (Degrees)
59
Name the condition where sister chromatids fail to segregate during mitosis.
Nondisjunction
60
What block of elements on the periodic table includes transition metals from Group 3 to Group 12?
D (Block)
61
What part of the brain controls hunger, thirst, and body temperature?
Hypothalamus
62
Using acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared, a ball is thrown straight horizontally at 30 meters per second from a 20-meter-high platform. Neglecting air resistance, how far horizontally does it travel before striking the ground?
60 Meters
63
What flammable gas is produced when an acid is mixed with an active metal?
Hydrogen (Gas)
64
Name the Austrian physicist who worked on radioactivity and nuclear physics and was a co-discoverer of nuclear fission, an achievement for which this person's colleague won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944.
(Lise) Meitner
65
What precipitate will result from the double-displacement reaction of sodium carbonate with calcium chloride?
Calcium Carbonate
66
What type of organism forms it own nutritional substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide?
Autotroph
67
Kepler's first law states that a planet's orbit is one of these shapes with the sun at one focus.
Ellipse
68
If an atom undergoes alpha decay, what happens to its atomic number?
It decreases by two
69
What is the phenotypic ratio that results from a dihybrid cross?
Nine to Three to Three to One
70
What two-word term is given to large membrane-bound compartments in plant cells where water, waste products, and nutrients can be stored?
Central Vacuole
71
What principle states that the buoyant force exerted on a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid the body displaces?
Archimedes (Principle)
72
What is the pH of a one times ten to the negative three molar solutions of hydrochloric acid?
3
73
In physics, what is the term for the bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another?
Refraction
74
Give the collective name by which the stigma, style, and ovary of a flower are known.
Carpel
75
What do we call a fold in sedimentary strata that resembles an arch?
Anticline
76
What electrical circuit element, consisting of two parallel plates separated by a small gap, has the ability to store charge?
Capacitor
77
What two series make up the f-block?
Lanthanide and Actinide Series
78
What do ecologists call the efforts by individuals of common or different species in a community to use the same limited resources?
Competition
79
What is the ratio of work output to work input in a machine?
Efficiency
80
What are the elements whose symbols written side-by-side spell N-Er-Dy (nerdy)?
The elements are Neon, Erbium, and Dysprosium
81
Which protein forms the main constituent of an insect's exoskeleton?
Chitin
82
What is the name for the rotational analogue of force which is calculated as the cross product of the radius and force vectors?
Torque
83
Give the name of the decay process that turns a neutron into a proton and emits an electron.
Beta minus decay OR negative beta decay OR beta decay
84
What type of organism derives its nutritional requirement from other organisms?
Heterotroph
85
Name the three naturally occurring strongly magnetic elements.
Iron, Nickel, Cobalt
86
What is the current through a 12 ohm light bulb connected to a 6-volt battery?
0.5 or 1/2 amps or amperes
87
What small lead-like parts of a flowering plant protect the new buds and spread out as the bud matures?
Sepals
88
Identify the two main molecules forming cell membranes.
Phospholipids and Proteins
89
What is the tendency for a process to occur that leads to the highest state of disorder?
Entropy
90
What is the magnitude of the momentum change of a 1,400 kg car traveling at 20 m/s when it is brought to rest in 2.0 seconds?
28,000 kg m/s or Newton-seconds
91
How many pi bonds does a molecule of carbon monoxide contain?
2
92
What term is given to an area where salt water meets fresh water?
Estuary
93
What is the name given to the fatty, insulating covering of an axon?
Myelin Sheath
94
What type of tectonic plate boundary occurs where two plates slide past each other?
Transform Boundary
95
What syndrome leading to low fertility in males is caused by a person having two X chromosomes and a Y chromosome?
Klinefelter's Syndrome
96
How much power is required to complete 200 Joules of work in 5 seconds?
40 Watts
97
What is the collective name for the three layers that surround the spinal cord and the brain?
Meninges
98
What name is given to the most posterior part of the brain that controls such involuntary activities as breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, and peristalsis, and its nerve fibers connect the spinal cord to various parts of the brain?
medulla (oblongata)
99
What disaccharide is formed when two glucose molecules join
maltose
100
What is the final stable element in the Uranium decay chain?
Lead
101
What general term is given to the material through which sound waves vibrate?
the medium
102
To the nearest whole gram, what is the molecular mass of sucrose, C12H22O11 (read C-12-H-22-O-11)?
342
103
Identify the formal naming system in which living things are given a name composed of two parts: the genus and the species.
Binomial nomenclature
104
Calculate the index of refraction for a material if the incident angle is 45 degrees and the refracted angle is 30 degrees.
1.4 OR square root of 2 OR radical 2 OR 1.41
105
In chemistry, what name is given to the solid that separates out of a solution?
Precipitate
106
What is the term for the product of the angular velocity of a body and its moment of inertia?
angular momentum
107
(60 second) What is the molarity of 80g of sodium hydroxide in 2.5 liters of aqueous solution.
0.8 Molar, or 0.8 Molarity
108
What is the name given for the fluid matrix of a chloroplast?
stroma
109
What is considered the ultimate source of genetic variation in a population?
mutation(s)
110
What objects are classified using a Hertzprung-Russell diagram?
Stars
111
Calculate the total resistance of two resistors in parallel each with a resistance of 12 ohms.
6 (ohms)
112
What biological phrase describes the process by which isolated populations evolve independently?
Divergent evolution
113
What term refers to bonding in molecules that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis structure?f
Resonance
114
What principle relates the buoyant force to the weight of fluid displaced?
Archimedes
115
What is the charge of an ion of aluminum?
Three plus, positive 3, plus 3, or 3 positive
116
In a chloroplast, what term refers to one stack of thylakoids?
Granum
117
What is a dense cloud of super-hot gases and rock fragments that races downhill from an erupting volcano called?
Pyroclastic flow
118
In thermodynamics, what is the name for a process in which the pressure is kept constant?
Isobaric
119
What is the name given to the species of a plant that first enters a region after all visible forms of plants have been removed?
Pioneer (species)
120
Name the type of particles that have 1/3 the charge of an electron, have six "flavors", have unique colors, and are never found alone.
Quarks
121
What is the name for the area where a leaf joins the stem of a plant?
node
122
Using acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared, how far does a ball travel in 2 seconds if it is thrown straight down at a speed of 20 meters per second?
60 meters
123
Name both of the elements that are liquid at room temperature.
Mercury and bromine
124
In a single replacement reaction between sodium metal and iron two chloride, which element is reduced?
Iron
125
How many electrons are in the p sublevel of fluorine?
5
126
The complete combustion of ethane (C 2 H 6) yields carbon dioxide and water. How many moles of water would be produced by the combustion of 2 moles of ethane?
6
127
What is the name of the outer membrane surrounding the heart?
Pericardium
128
What is the name for the genetic failure in which chromosomes are unable to separate properly?
Nondisjunction
129
What term refers to a planet that rotates clockwise instead of the usual counter-clockwise motion?
Retrograde (planet)
130
What is the first stage in the life cycle of a star?
(stellar or dark) nebula
131
What are the two basic types of collisions?
elastic and inelastic
132
What physics quantity is equal to a change in momentum?
Impulse
133
Give the mass number of the isotope produced by 6 beta and 2 beta decays of uranium 238.
214
134
What is described as the heat needed to change a unit mass of a substance at its melting temperature from a solid into a liquid?
heat of fusion OR enthalpy of fusion
135
Which group in the food web would most likely have the greatest biomass?
Producers or autotrophs
136
What tissue holds the intestines in position within the abdominal cavity?
mesentery
137
What is the force that pulls or stretches rock?
tension
138
Through what physics process is mechanical energy transferred or transformed?
Work
139
What is the SI unit of current?
Ampere
140
Name the German physiologist who studied and discovered pepsin, is credited with inventing the term metabolism, developed cell theory, and has cells from the peripheral nervous system named for him.
Theodore Schwann
141
The Hawaiian Islands were formed from what type of volcano?
Shield volcano
142
The inflammation of a key digestive system organ that secretes bile is commonly referred to as this.
hepatitis
143
What is the name for groups of c ells that work together to perform a common function?
Tissues
144
What name is given to the process in which ions form solids that drop out of solution?
precipitation
145
How many atoms of chlorine are in 5 molecules of carbon tetrachloride?
20
146
Two resistors with values of 5 ohms and 5 ohms are connected in parallel. This combination is connected in series with another 5 ohm resistor. What is the equivalent resistance, in ohms, of this circuit?
7.5
147
Why type of lipid is found in the cell membrane of eukaryotic cells?
Phospholipids
148
In what direction are air currents shifted, due to the Earth's rotation?
right or clockwise
149
What is the frequency of a wave with the measured period of 0.25 seconds?
4 Hertz
150
Name the bottom region of oceans and bodies of fresh water.
Benthic zone
151
What term refers to the geologic principle that in an undisturbed rock sequence the oldest rocks are on the bottom?
(The Law or Principle of) Superposition
152
What has been reached when the two solutions used in a titration have the same normality?
equivalence point
153
What quantity is obtained when the speed of light in a vacuum is divided by the speed of light in a given material?
Index of refraction
154
Which term refers to DNA during interphase?
Chromatin
155
Find the molarity of three grams of methanol (C H 3 O H) in five hundred grams of water.
O.20 Molar
156
What are the chemical names for the products when the following solutions are mixed: silver nitrate and potassium chloride?
Potassium nitrate and silver chloride
or
silver chloride and potassium nitrate
157
What is the most common term used in genetics to describe the observable physical characteristics of an organism caused by the expression of a gene or set of genes?
phenotype
158
Which physical quantity is defined as force per unit area?
pressure
159
What chemistry term refers to a compound without water?
Anhydrous
160
Name the scientist that was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect.
(Albert) Einstein
161
What term is given to long, thread-like organelles, used in locomotion, that protrude from the surfaces of many eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Flagella
162
What is the part of a longitudinal wave in which the particles are at the lowest pressure?
Rarefaction
163
Name the scientist credited with Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assorment
Gregor Mendel
164
Name the major geologic fault located in California.
San Andreas
165
What level comes between order and genus in the taxonomic hierarchy?
Family
166
What are the four main tissue types found in the human body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous (in any order)
167
Name the solution made from a weak acid and its conjugate base that neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases added to it.
Buffer or buffer solution
168
What is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone
Hyoid
169
During what geological period did the first land animals develop?
Devonian
170
What type of force holds ions together in salts such as calcium fluoride?
Electrostatic (do not accept ionic bond; bond does not equal force)
171
What is the ideal mechanical advantage of an inclined plane that is 2 m high with an incline distance of 14 m?
Seven
172
What is the middle body region of adult insects called?
Thorax
173
In the world of particle physics, what does LHC stand for?
Large Hadron Collider
174
(60 seconds) How many moles of oxygen are required to completely combust two moles of methane
4 moles
175
Identify the sac located between the tendon and the bone which delivers lubrication.
bursa
176
What is the most plentiful metal in the Earth's crust?
Aluminum
177
178
179
What is the smallest amount of energy that molecules need to react?
Activation energy
180
What is the name of fungi that feed on dead matter?
Saprophytes
181
If a gas sample at constant temperature has a pressure of 1.5 atmospheres when placed in a 10.0 Liter flask, what will
the sample's gas pressure in atomspheres become if its volume increases to 50.0 Liters?
0.3 (atmospheres)
182
Using 10 meters per second squared as acceleration due to gravity, what is the gravitational potential energy in Joules of a 20-kilogram block raised off the ground 5 meters?
1000 (Joules)
183
What type of mimicry is displayed by the viceroy butterfly as it mimics the monarch butterfly?
Mullerian (myoo-LER-ee-uhn) mimicry
184
Name the device that only allows current to flow in one direction.
A diode
185
What name is given to the part of the earth composed of oceans, lakes, rivers, and all other bodies of water and ice?
Hydrosphere
186
What are the four nitrogenous bases that make up Ribonucleic Acid in eukaryotic organisms?
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil
187
What organelle, other than the nucleus, would contain DNA in an animal cell?
MItochondria
188
Name the principle which states that the faster the air moves, the less pressure it exerts.
Bernoulli's (Principle)
189
What is the oxidation number for sulfur in sulfuric acid, H-2 SO-4?
x=+6 (must say positive 6)
189
What is used by scientists to cut DNA at or near specific nucleotide sequences?
Restriction enzyme
190
Name the long, graduated tube, closed at one end, which is used to collect gas.
Eudiometer
191
Give the name of the instrument used to detect earthquakes.
Seismograph (size-mo-graph)
192
A population is not undergoing what process if it is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
Evolution
193
In physics, what is the name given to the perpendicular force a surface applies to an object that is in contact with the force?
Normal (force)
194
On a weather app, what line connects points of equal barometric pressure?
Isobar
195
What is the chemical formula for the compound commonly referred to as baking soda?
NaHCO3
196
What are the three basic tissue systems of a vascular plant body?
Dermal, vascular, and ground
197
How many times louder is the sound of 40 decibels compared to a sound of 10 decibels.
1,000
198
What is the term for maximum speed that an object falling through air can reach?
Terminal velocity or terminal speed
199
What symbiotic relationship is indicated by two species living closely together to the benefit of both species?
Mutualism
200
What are the names of two allotropic forms of oxygen?
Oxygen and ozone
201
Give the term for a colloid suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas.
Aerosol
202
What organelle is responsible for the formation of spindle fibers during cell division of animal cells?
Centrioles
203
What do you have to do to the length of a pendulum in order to double its period?
Quadruple it or increase it by a factor of 4
204
What term is given to a DNA molecule, usually found in bacteria, that can replicate independently from the main chromosome?
Plasmid
205
What is the name for the outer envelope of gas surrounding the sun?
Corona
206
What is the oxidation number of sulfur in the sulfate ion?
Positive 6
207
If the distance between two planets is tripled, what happens to the force of gravitational pull between the planets?
9 times less pull or 1/9th as much pull
208
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain in oxidative phosphorylation?
Oxygen
209
What is the most common oxidation number for the Halogen group on the periodic table?
Negative 1
210
What is the area under the curve of a velocity vs. time graph?
Displacement or Change in Position (not distance)
211
What types of clouds form the eye of a hurricane?
Cumulonimbus
212
What is a type of solution that produces no change in cell volume because of osmosis?
Isotonic or isotonic solution
213
Cells prepare for cell division during what phase?
Interphase
214
What is the physics term for how the type of material affects the resistance of a wire?
Resistivity
215
How many electrons can occupy any single orbital?
2
216
What is the process called where the solid will become a gas without passing through the liquid phase?
Sublimation
217
Which biological process involves synthesizing chains of amino acids to build a protein from messenger RNA?
Translation
217
What is the difference in the elevation of terrain called on a contour map?
Relief
218
What is another name for the primary consumers in a food web?
Herbivores
219
What is the oxidation number of the chlorine atom in the perchlorate ion?
+7 or 7+
220
What two factors affect the period of a pendulum?
Acceleration due to gravity and length of the cord
221
What term is used to describe a plant's growth response to gravity?
Geotropism
222
What is the point that defines the edge of a black hole?
The event horizon
223
What is the more common name for potential difference?
Voltage
224
What two quantities about a planet's orbit do Kepler's Third Law relate to one another?
Period (or orbital period or time for one revolution) AND radius of orbit (or distance to the sun or semi major axis)
225
What is the mass percent of carbon in the compound methane?
75% (percent) Carbon
226
Name the term that refers to the alleles being both dominate or both recessive.
Homozygous
227
What is the name for the relationship between two organisms of different species in which one organism benefits, while the other is generally not helped or harmed?
Commensalism
228
What scale is used to express the magnitude of earthquakes?
Richter (scale)
229
What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in the nitrate ion?
+5
230
Give the name for a glaciated valley now flooded by the sea.
Fjord
231
What do we call the apparent change of frequency fo a sound caused by the relative motion between the object emitting the sound and the listener?
Doppler effect
232
What two word term describes the movement of a particle through a membrane against a concentration gradient with the use of energy from ATP?
Active transport
233
What is the charge on an ammonium ion?
Positive 1 or +1
234
What are the two types of collisions?
Elastic and inelastic
235
What two word term is used to describe a situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over the other?
Incomplete dominance
236
What is the third derivative of a position time function called?
Jerk (or jolt or surge or lurch)
237
If the half-life of a radioactive substance is one year, in how many years will 1/16 of the original material be left?
4 (years)
238
What glands produce cortisol and epinephrine and are located at the top of the kidneys?
Adrenal (glands)
239
Identify the Swedish naturalist and botanist who classified plants and animals, and standardized terminology and nomenclature related to classification.
CARL VON LINNE (ACCEPT
CAROLUS LINNAEUS)
240
Identify the type of nuclear reaction that produces vast amounts of energy in a hydrogen bomb.
FUSION
241
Give the name of the only bird that has 2 toes on each foot.
OSTRICH
242
What mass of fluorine gas (atomic weight = 19.0) is contained in 112 liters at 1 atmosphere pressure and 0˚ C ?
190 GRAMS
243
What is the name given to organisms that can manufacture their own food?
AUTOTROPHS
244
What term describes the bicarbonate ion as one able to donate a proton or accept a
proton in a chemical reaction?
AMPHOTERIC (ACCEPT
AMPHIPROTIC)
245
Name the process which occurs when anaerobic bacteria break down nitrates and release nitrogen gas back into the
atmosphere.
Denitrification
246
What is the momentum of a car with a mass of 1,300 kilograms traveling at a speed of 28 meters per second?
36,400 kilogram meters per second
247
How many different isomers are possible for a hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C 4 H 10?
2
248
What are the two protein myofibrils that make up filaments of a muscle?
Actin and myosin
249
Name the property of a mineral that describes how light is reflected from its surface.
Luster
250
How many moles of sugar are required to make 4 Liters of a saturated solution having a concentration of 0.6 molar?
2.4
251
A compound has an empirical formula CH. If the molecular mass is 78, what is the molecular formula?
C6H6
252
Using 10 meters per second squared, a 20.0 kilogram child on roller skates, initially at rest, rolls 1.50 m down an
incline at an angle of 30.0 degrees with the horizontal. If there is no friction between incline and skates, what is the
kinetic energy of the child at the bottom of the incline?
150 Joules
253
What term is used in zoology to describe any appendage adapted for seizing, grasping, and holding on, especially
in reference to the tails of monkeys?
Prehensile
254
How many grams of sodium hydroxide are found in 400 milliliters of a 0.25M solution?
4 grams
255
Name the scientist who developed the three laws of planetary motion explaining the elliptical nature of planetary
revolution.
(Johannes) Kepler
256
What is the name of the thin layer of tissue in woody stems and roots that produces new cells which differentiate
into phloem (flow-um) and xylem (zye-um)and is responsible for the annual rings of a tree?
vascular cambium
257
What is the collision force required to bring a 1,000 kilogram car with an initial speed of 10 meters per second to a
complete stop in just 0.2 seconds?
50,000 Newtons
258
In what energy level does a ground state electron first occupy an "f" orbital?
4 (fourth)
259
Suppose that a DNA segment has the following nucleotide sequence: CTC ATA CGA. What nucleotide sequence
would be found in a complementary messenger RNA strand?
GAG UAU GCU
260
Name three of the twelve men to have walked on the moon.
Armstrong, Aldrin, Bean, Cernan, Conrad, Duke, Irwin, Mitchell, Schmitt, Shepard, Scott, Young
261
Calculate the displacement of a car which traveled 500 meters to the west and then traveled back 200 meters to the
east.
300 meters west (must include west in answer)
262
Beginning with blood in the right atrium, name, in the order the blood passes through them, the four valves in the
human heart.
Tricuspid, Pulmonary (or Pulmonic or pulmonary semilunar), Mitral (or Bicuspid), Aortic
(answers must be given in that order)
263
What rule states that for orbitals of equal energy, each orbital receives a lone electron before the electrons begin to
pair up?
Hund's (Rule)
264
Using 10 meters per second squared as the acceleration of gravity, a ball rolls off a wall that is 0.8 meters high,
striking the floor 0.13 meters away from the base of the wall. How long does it take for the ball to reach the ground?
0.4 seconds
265
What is the idea that genotype frequencies in a population tend to remain the same from generation to generation
unless acted on by outside influences?
Hardy-Weinberg Principle (accept Hardy-Weinberg, or Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium)
266
What name is given to the unsuccessful 1961 attempt by American-backed Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and
overthrow the Castro regime?
The Bay of Pigs (Invasion)
267
What Queen of England was also a child of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain?
Catherine of Aragon, (one of King Henry VIII’s wives)
268
What Supreme Court litigant won his case against the state of Arizona in 1966 and thereby codified the right of
defendants to be made fully aware of their legal rights prior to questioning by police?
(Ernesto) Miranda
269
What term describes organs or structures that seemingly no longer have a function but exist because they have
been inherited?
vestigal
270
Name the theory that states that the current geologic processes of the Earth have always existed and account for all
of Earth's geologic features.
Uniformitarianism
271
What is the term used to describe covalent bonds that do not involve equal sharing of electrons?
polar or polar covalent
272
What term best describes the concept that individuals with beneficial adaptations will tend to produce more offspring?
natural selection
273
Give the oxidation number for oxygen in hydrogen peroxide.
negative 1
274
How much applied force, in Newtons, does it take to move a 10-kilogram mass accelerating at 5 meters per second
squared, when friction exerts a 20 Newton force in the opposite direction?
70 Newtons
275
Name the principle that explains both the lift of an airplane and the curving of a baseball.
Bernoulli's (Principle)
276
In an eclipse, what term do astronomers use to refer to the space of partial illumination between the perfect shadow
and full light?
Penumbra
277
The arrectores (a-rek-tor) pilorum (pie-lure-um) are small muscles attached to the hair follicles of mammals. When
these muscles contract what phenomenon occurs?
goose bumps (also accept goose flesh or goose pimples)
278
A steady current of 0.5 amps flows through a wire. How much charge passes through the wire in one minute?
30 coulombs
279
What is the name given to the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that
substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium?
triple point
280
What two nucleic acids are involved in translation?
mRNA and tRNA (messenger RNA and transfer RNA)
281
What's the name of the diagram or table used to predict the outcome of a particular cross in an offspring experiment?
Punnett Square
282
Iron three oxide (Fe-2-O-3) reacts with carbon monoxide (C-O) to produce iron (Fe) and carbon dioxide (C-O-2). In
this reaction, what compound contains an element that is reduced?
iron three oxide or Fe-2-0-3
283
In 1957, Dr. Roger Revelle wrote that mankind is inadvertently conducting a great geochemical experiment by
releasing vast amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This was the first formal warning about what effect?
greenhouse (effect)
284
Give the term for the division of members of the same species into specialized work functions which the honey bee
exhibits.
polymorphism
285
What is the oxidation number for sulfur in the sulfate ion?
plus 6 or positive 6 or 6
286
Which type of sound waves have frequencies above 20,000 hertz?
Ultrasonic (sound waves)
287
Melatonin is a hormone that helps regulate circadian rhythms in organisms, specifically under low ambient light
levels. Which gland synthesizes and secretes melatonin?
Pineal (Gland)
288
The volcano, Olympus Mons, is located on which planet in our Solar System?
mars
289
Two resistors with the values of 6.0 ohm and 12 ohm are connected in parallel. This combination is connected in
series with a 4.0 ohm resistor. What is the equivalent resistance of this combination?
8.0 ohm
290
Name the phylum that includes species having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed appendages.
Arthropoda
291
A motorboat traveling 4 meters per second East encounters a current traveling 3.0 meters per second North. What
is the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the motorboat?
5 m/s
292
If an object has a density of 1/5 (one-fifth) grams per milliliter and a mass of 7 grams, what is its volume?
35 centimeters cubed or 35 milliliters
293
The electron transport chain in photosynthesis pumps hydrogen ions from the stroma of the chloroplast into which
region?
Thylakoid Space
294
How many electrons are in an oxide ion?
10
295
What type of coal has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest calorific content of all the
types of coal?
anthracite
296
Give the name of the ecological principle which states that no two organisms in the same ecosystem can occupy the
same niche.
The Competitive Exclusion (Principle) or Gause's Law
297
Give the chemical formula for ammonium phosphate.
(NH4)3 PO4 (read as parentheses N-H-4 close parentheses-3 P-O-4)
298
A rabbit runs 4 meters from its burrow to some tasty clover. It scampers back to its burrow when it spies a hawk.
What was the rabbit's displacement for its outing?
zero meters
299
During what stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope and nucleolus disintegrate and the chromatin change into
chromosomes?
prophase
300
A ball is dropped from a tower that is 70.0 meters high. Using 10 meters per second squared as the acceleraton due
to gravity, how far will the ball fall in 3 seconds?
45 meters
301
What term best describes a large volcanic depression?
caldera
302
Name the three domains of life used in the modern system of taxonomic classification.
Archaea (are-key-a, Bacteria, Eukarya (you-carry-a)
303
What is the net ionic equation when silver nitrate reacts with potassium chloride?
Ag plus and Cl minus yields AgCl
(also accept Ag plus 1 plus Cl minus 1 gives AgCl)
(also accept silver plus 1 plus chlorine minus 1 gives silver chloride)
(Ag+ + Cl- AgCl)
304
The position of an object is described by the function "x of t equals 3 t squared minus 10 t plus 18" (x(t) = 3t^2 - 10t
+ 18), where x is in meters and t is in seconds. Find the velocity of the object at t = 2 seconds.
2 meters per second
305
Using the correct number of significant digits, what is the mass of a pure substance if its density is 2.30 grams per
cubic centimeter and it takes up a volume of 25 cubic centimeters?
58 grams (do not accept 57.5 grams or 57.50 grams)
306
Camels with one hump are known as dromedary, while camels with two humps are known as what?
bactrian
307
What recent Mars discovery was announced by NASA on September 28, 2015, around the time of the release of the
movie, "The Martian”?
Liquid water [On the surface; ask to be more specific if the student just says "water.” Do not accept
the answer if the student does not state "liquid.”]
308
What is the term for the maximum velocity of a falling object, obtained when the force of air resistance is equal to
the weight of the object?
Terminal (velocity)
309
Give the name of the comet, last seen in 1986 and expected to return in 2061.
Halley's (Comet)
310
How many ATP molecules are produced in the Krebs cycle per one glucose molecule?
2
311
A car’s velocity changes uniformly from 30.0 meters per second to 5 meters per second in 5 seconds. Calculate the
car’s acceleration.
-5 meters per second squared (m/s^2 or meters per second per second are also acceptable units)
312
What is the formula for Titanium (III) oxide?
Ti-2-O-3 (2 and 3 are subscripts)
313
What are the proteins called that cause reactions to proceed more rapidly and lower the activation energy?
enzymes
314
Which type of ecological succession occurs after new lava covers the landscape?
Primary (Succession)
315
Three hundred (300) milliliters of a 2.0 molar hydro-chloric acid solution is diluted to 800 milliliters. What is the
molarity of the new solution?
0.75 M or 0.75 molar or 0.75 moles/liter
316
The current flowing through an appliance connected to a 120 volt source is 2 Amps. How many kilowatt-hours of
electrical energy does the appliance use in 4 hours?
0.96 kilowatt-hours
317
Ammonia is SP3 hybridized, but is pyramidal instead of tetrahedral. What causes this structure change?
free electron pair or lone pair
318
In kilogram-meters per second, what is the momentum of a 10-gram housefly traveling at 5 meters per second?
0.05
319
Which gland is considered the master gland of the body because it sends messages that activate other glands and
is also responsible for producing growth hormone?
Pituitary (gland)
320
What is the oxidation number of nickel in nickel two carbonate, NiCO3 (pronounced Ni - C - O - 3)?
+2
321
What are the names of the two groups into which seed plants can be classified?
gymnosperms and angiosperms
322
What is the result of very massive stars collapsing in on themselves due to the massive gravity they create?
Black hole
323
Give the name of the biological class that includes the sharks, rays, and skates.
Chondrichthyes (pronounced can drik the ez)
324
What term is given to two or more compounds that have the same composition but a different arrangement of atoms?
Isomers or structural isomers
325
A car initially traveling 5 meters per second accelerates at a rate of 2 meters per second squared for a total of 15
seconds. What is the final speed of the car?
35 m/s (meters per second)
326
What is the name of the process in which organisms with specific traits are intentionally bred to produce offspring
with identical traits?
artificial selection
327
Name the planet which has an axis that is almost horizontal to the sun.
Uranus
328
Name the physical measurement which is represented by the slope of a velocity vs. time graph.
acceleration
329
Give the common name of the compound SnO2.
Tin four Oxide or Stannic oxide
[Do not accept Tin Oxide, Tin (II) Oxide, Stannous Oxide, or anything Oxygen.]
330
Assuming acceleration due to gravity to be 10 meters per second squared, how long would it take for an object to
hit the ground if it were dropped from a height of 45 meters?
3 seconds
331
Which force is caused by the net movement of water into or out of a cell?
osmotic pressure
332
In valence-bond theory, what is the term for the blending or mixing of atomic orbitals?
Hybridization or hybrid orbitals or orbital hybridization
333
This organelle in eukaryotic cells contains powerful digestive enzymes.
lysosome
334
Name two of the three basic types of magma found on Earth.
Basaltic, Andesitic, and Rhyolitic or (basalt, andesite, and rhyolite)
335
What is the primary root found in some plants that grows longer and thicker than the rest and carries nutrients to
the above-ground biomass?
Taproot
336
In 1926, using an eight-sided rotating mirror placed on Mount Wilson in California, and another stationary mirror on
Mount San Antonio, Albert Michelson was the first to accurately calculate what?
The speed of light
337
To the nearest gram, how much water would be produced if 14.0 grams of hydrogen reacted with excess oxygen?
126 grams
338
What is an extra chromosomal piece of DNA in eukaryotic (pronounced "you -carry - otic") cells that often codes
for antibiotic resistance?
plasmid
339
What term is given to the place where fresh and salty waters meet, or where current meets the tide at the mouth of a
river?
estuary
340
What is the term used to measure the loudness of a sound?
Decibel(s)
341
What is the name of the original species involved in the process of succession in an ecosystem?
pioneer
342
Calculate the centripetal force acting on a 1-kilogram object moving at 4 meters per second in a circle with a 2 meter
radius.
8 Newtons
343
What intermolecular force of attraction exists between non-polar molecules?
Accept any of the following: London dispersion, Vander Waals, LDF (forces), induced dipole-induced dipole
344
What term best describes the leaf-like structures attached to embryonic shoots?
cotyledons
345
Name the word for the analysis of ores to determine the amount of precious metal contained.
assay
346
Using whole numbers for atomic masses, what is the percent composition of carbon in C three H eight? Express
your answer as a whole number.
82%
347
What is the term for a drug, such as an aspirin, which relieves pain by blocking the synaptic transmission of the
pain impulse?
analgesic
348
How many 100 watt light bulbs can be lit with one megawatt of electricity?
Ten thousand or 10,000
349
What are the two terms for lines on weather maps which represent patterns of pressure and temperature?
Isobars and Isotherms
350
What organ has caudate (pronounced "ko date") and quadrate (pronounced "quad rate") lobes, receives blood via
the portal vein and is the primary site of fetal red blood cell production?
liver
351
What is the main intermolecular force acting between water molecules?
Hydrogen bonding
352
Astronaut Jesse is standing on a planet that has no atmosphere and an acceleration due to gravity of 10 meters per
second squared. If he throws an object straight upwards with a velocity of 30 meters per second, how long will it
take before the object returns to his hand?
6 seconds
353
Name the products formed when combining a strong acid and a strong base.
Water and a salt (ionic compound)
354
The plasma membrane of cells is composed of a double layer of what type of molecules?
Phospholipids
355
Assuming the acceleration due to gravity is 10 meters per second squared, calculate the coefficient of friction for a
40 kilogram block of wood sliding across a horizontal floor at constant speed while being pulled by a force of 50
Newtons.
0.125 or 1/8
356
What phylum of invertebrates contains the segmented worms?
Annelida
357
(60 sec) At standard temperature and pressure what would be the volume of forty-eight grams of oxygen gas?
33.6 Liters
358
Name the constellation that is comprised of the stars Deneb, Vega, and Altair?
Summer Triangle
359
(30 sec) A car travelling 23 meters per second accelerates to 32 meters per second in 3 seconds. What is the acceleration of
the car?
3 meters per second, per second or 3 meters per second squared
360
This structure found in bacteria is a gooey layer of polysaccharides (pronounced as: "poly-sac-a-rides") found around
the cell wall that helps the bacteria attach to surfaces and prevent it from being engulfed by white blood cells.
Capsule
361
(30 sec) A certain substance has a half life of 1 hour. If you start with 1,000 grams of the substance, how much of the
substance in grams will you have in 5 hours?
31.25
362
What kind of star has used up most of its hydrogen and has expanded?
Red Giant
363
What is the process by which oxygen-lacking cells and some single-celled organisms release small amounts of energy
from glucose molecules and produce wastes such as alcohol, carbon dioxide, or lactic acid?
fermentation
364
(30 sec) What is the centripetal force acting on a 6 kilogram object traveling at 4 meters per second around a circle of radius 3
meters?
32 Newtons
365
(30 sec) To the nearest whole number, what is the percentage of oxygen in water?
89%
366
What is the stage of mitosis when the centromeres that held the twin chromatids together break apart, moving toward
opposite ends of the spindle?
anaphase
367
(30 sec) In miles, what is the magnitude of the displacement of a cyclist who rides 5 miles east then 12 miles south?
13
368
Bailey's beads occur at the start and end of the totality phase of what events?
(total) solar eclipses
369
What law states: "For a mixture of gasses in a container, the total pressure exerted is the sum of the pressures that
each gas would exert if it were alone"?
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures or Dalton's Law
370
What is the name for the body system that contains skin, hair, and nails?
Integumentary (system)
371
(30 sec) How many decimeters are in 8.53 kilometers?
85,300
372
Give the term for the inactive state of arrested development that insects undergo to survive the winter.
diapause
373
(30 sec) What is the oxidation number of sulfur in H 2 S O 4?
plus six OR six plus
374
Name the 3 most common sedimentary rocks in the state of Kansas.
Limestone, shale, sandstone
375
What is the process in which primary consumers use oxygen to release energy from carbohydrates and create carbon
dioxide as a byproduct?
(Cellular) Respiration
376
(30 sec) A simple circuit consists of a battery linked to four resistors, in series, whose resistances are 3, 5, 7, and 9 ohms.
The current through the circuit is 5 amperes. What is the voltage delivered by the battery?
120 volts
377
What are the three methods of heat transfer?
Conduction, Convection and Radiation
378
(30 sec) Members of the Nitrogen Family have three “p” electrons in the highest energy level. How many full “p” orbitals
do they possess?
zero
379
What class of biological macromolecule is responsible for storing and communicating genetic information?
nucleic acids
380
Give the term for a satellite whose orbit is maintaining its position over the same spot on the earth.
geosynchronous or geostationary
381
(30 sec) If 32% of a sample of DNA is Guanine (pronounced Gwa-nene), how much of the sample is Thymine (pronounced
Thy-mene)?
18%
382
(60 sec) Find the volume in liters, at STP, of 144 grams of sulfur dioxide gas.
67
383
Kilauea and Mauna Loa are both examples of what type of volcano, characterized by slow, constant eruptions of
basaltic lavas.
Shield Volcano
384
Often written as “C1,” this small vertebrae does a great job of “holding up” our skull.
Atlas
385
(30 sec) What is the wavelength of a wave that has a frequency of 10 Hertz and a wave speed of 35 meters per second?
3.5 meters
386
What is the common name of the calcaneous bone?
The heel (bone)
387
(30 sec) If Bob does 405 Joules of work over a distance of 15 meters, how large a force does he exert?
27 Newtons
388
Which formula has the lowest whole number ratio of elements in a compound?
Empirical (formula)
389
What is the haploid number of chromosomes for Homo sapiens?
23
390
(60 sec) What is the centripetal acceleration of an object moving along a horizontal circular path of 16 meters radius with a
speed of 40 meters per second?
100 meters per second squared or 100 meters per second per second
391
What term refers to the substance remaining after water has been removed by heating a compound such as C U S O 4
dot 5 H 2 O?
anhydrous
392
The process of water leaving the leaves of a plant is called?
Transpiration
393
Name the S.I. unit used to measure the intensity of light?
Candela
394
Which principle states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron
or any other particle?
Heissenberg uncertainty (principle)
395
What seismic waves can penetrate the Earth's core?
P (waves)
396
(60 sec) How many grams of oxygen gas, combining with an excess of hydrogen gas, would be required to produce 36 grams
of water?
32
397
What biological principle states that the genes of a pair are separated during gamete formation?
segregation
398
What is equal to the difference between the potential energy of the products and the potential energy of the reactants in
a chemical reaction?
Heat of reaction
399
Name any two of the three proteins found in plasma.
Fibrinogen, (serum) albumin, (serum) globulin
400
(30 sec) What is the mechanical advantage of a simple machine if it can lift a 40 Newton crate with an input force of only 10
Newtons?
4
401
What term refers to the natural phenomenon in which a warm, usually coastal wind, drastically raises temperatures in
interior land regions, especially in the Pacific Northwest?
Chinook (chinook wind)
402
What are animals with mouths that develop from or near the blastopore called?
protostomes
403
( 30sec) What is the final speed of a car that is initially traveling at 10 meters per second if it speeds up at a rate of 3 meters
per second squared for a period of 15 seconds?
55 meters per second
404
Water forms a meniscus when placed in a graduated cylinder. What name is given to the attractive force between the
water and the graduated cylinder?
adhesion
405
Which vascular system in plants transports water and minerals?
xylem
406
What is the SI prefix for ten to the negative fifteenth?
femto
407
What large moon of Jupiter is the outermost of the Galilean satellites?
callisto
408
The beta decay of unstable carbon-14 results in the formation of which element?
nitrogen
409
What is the term given to the wavelike, rhythmical contractions of the human digestive system which push food
through the digestive tract?
peristalsis
410
What name is given to weak sub-atomic particles that have no charge and can pass through ordinary matter almost
unaffected?
Neutrinos
411
Who was the geneticist who received a Nobel Prize at age 81 for her work completed thirty years earlier on "jumping
genes" such as in the African violet plant?
Barbara McClintock
412
Whose first law states that planets orbit the Sun along elliptical paths?
kepler
413
What specific material are the polar caps of Mars composed?
Dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide)
414
What is the term for the type of intermediate inheritance where both alleles in the heterozygote express themselves
fully?
codominance
415
What are the two basic types of friction?
kinetic and static
416
(30 sec) How many atoms of oxygen are there in one formula unit of Calcium Nitrate?
6
417
What is a thermodynamic process called in which the pressure remains constant?
isobaric
418
Which freshwater zone is known for its close proximity to the shore, abundant producers like aquatic plants and
algae, and high levels of photosynthesis?
littoral zone
419
What is the term for the observed motion of certain planets which move eastward, slow to a stop, then move
westward over several days when viewed against the background of fixed stars.
Retrograde (motion)
420
Name the enzyme which unwinds a DNA molecule during replication.
helicase
421
(60 sec) If 90 milliliters of water is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen, to the nearest gram, how much hydrogen is
produced?
10
422
(30 sec) A rocket starting from rest experiences an acceleration of 4 meters per second squared. What is its speed after 5.5
seconds?
22 m/s
423
What chemical compound is the product of glucose being oxidized during glycolysis?
Pyruvic acid or pyruvate
424
What word is used in conjunction with the words cloud, event, or flow to describe a fragment of solidified lava.
Answer: pyroclast
pyroclast
425
Name the waxy covering of a placental embryo that protects it from the amniotic fluid.
vernix
426
Which scientist published a theory of atomic structure in 1913 which described electron arrangement in atoms?
Niels Bohr
427
(30 sec) A couch is pushed with a force of 75 Newtons and moves a distance of 5 meters across the floor. How much work is
done in moving the couch?
375 Joules
or
375 Newton meters
428
(micro)villi
429
(30 sec) Solve the ideal gas law for the number of moles.
n=PV/RT or moles equal pressure times volume divided by gas constant times temperature
430
What is the SI unit of magnetic field?
Tesla
431
Name the vascular tissue in plants that is responsible for moving water and dissolved minerals upward from the
roots to the rest of the plant body.
xylem
432
(30 sec) If the pH of a solution is 6, what is the pOH?
8
433
(45 sec) Two charges are separated by 10 centimeters with 2 Newtons of attractive force. What is the magnitude of the force
when the charges are separated by 5 centimeters?
8 Newtons
434
What scientific naming system for plants and animals, devised by Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus, calls
organisms by their genus and species?
binomial nomenclature
435
What type of weather front forms a boundary between cold and warm air masses that are not advancing?
Stationary front
436
(30 sec) A radioisotope has a 5-year half-life. After 15 years, what fraction of the original isotope remains?
1/8 (one-eighth), Accept 12.5% or 0.125
437
In the endosymbiotic theory, which two organelles were once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by larger
cells to form a symbiotic relationship?
Choroplasts and Mitochondria
438
(60 sec) What is the distance traveled, in meters, of a plane that starts from rest and accelerates at the rate of 10 meters per
second squared for 8 seconds?
320 meters
439
What is the term for the electrons involved in metallic bonding that are free to move easily from one atom to the next
throughout the metal and are not attached to a particular atom?
delocalized (or delocalized electrons)
440
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with
very large, complex undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle's function is affected in this condition?
lysosome
441
What is the name of the astrophysicist who was influenced by Carl Sagan and hosts the latest version of Cosmos:
A Spacetime Odyssey?
(Neil deGrasse) Tyson
442
(30 sec) What is the momentum of a bowling ball with a mass of 6 kilograms traveling at a velocity of 1.5 meters per second?
9 kilograms meters per second or 9 Newton seconds
443
What term refers to a plant that grows harmlessly on another plant and absorbs nutrients and moisture from rain
and debris accumulating around it?
Epiphyte
444
(30 sec) What is the specific heat of a substance if 200 Joules of energy is required to change 10 grams of it through a
temperature change of 10 Kelvin?
2 Joules per gram Kelvin
445
What chemical principle states electrons fill orbitals of lower energy before filling orbitals of higher energy?
Aufbau Principle or Aufbau
446
This membrane-bound organelle is responsible for the production of lipids and detoxification, and can be found in
large quantities in the liver.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)
447
(30 sec) How many liters of 0.5 Molar HCl solution would be required to neutralize 10 liters of 0.2 Molar NaOH solution?
4 (liters)
448
Beyond the Kuiper belt, at the edge of our solar system, what is the name of the great reservoir of comets called?
Oort cloud
449
What is the term used to describe the rhythmic muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract?
Peristalsis
450
In order for a redox reaction to occur spontaneously, what would be the sign of the calculated voltage of the cell?
Positive
451
Given that the speed of sound is 330 meters per second, what is the speed in meters per second of a jet traveling at
Mach ["mock"] 3?
990
452
Name the type of population growth which can occur if resources are unlimited and all individuals are reproducing
at a constant rate.
Exponential Growth (exponential)
453
Which term designates a pile of debris deposited by a glacier or ice sheet?
moraine
454
What are 3 of the 4 fundamental forces in physics?
Gravity, Electromagnetic, Strong (nuclear) and Weak (nuclear).
(accept Electro and magnetic force as electromagnetic (as 1 force)
455
If the specialized area of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to Broca's area is damaged, what area of
functionality is hindered as a result?
speech
456
(60 sec) Gina bikes 4 miles at 8 miles per hour, then walks 2 miles at 5 miles per hour. What was Gina's average speed?
6 2/3 miles per hour, also accept 6.66 miles per hour or 20/3 miles per hour
457
According to VESPR (vesper) theory, what is the molecular shape of methane?
tetrahedral
458
teria break down nitrates and release nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere.
Denitrification
459
What is the name of the aquifer from which most of Western Kansas receives water?
Ogallala Aquifer (accept Ogallala)
460
(30 sec) How many milliters of water must be added to dilute 100 milliliters of a 2 molar solution to a 0.5 molar solution?
300 (milliliters)
461
Occurring in "wet" and "dry" forms, this is a medical condition which usually affects older adults and results in a
loss of vision in the center of the visual field because of damage to the retina.
Aged-related Macular Degeneration (AMD or macular degeneration)
462
(30 seconds) What is the momentum of a car with a mass of 1,300 kilograms traveling at a speed of 28 meters per second?
36, 400 kilogram meters per second
463
What term describes maximum departure of a wave from its average position?
amplitude
464
Name the measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons.
electronegativity
465
What anatomical structure in the human body serves to assure equal air pressure on both sides of the ear drum?
Eustachian tube
466
(30 sec) Three resistors of two ohms each are connected in a series to a 12-volt battery. What is the current through the
circuit?
2 amps
467
Name the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them.
Geomorphology
468
What is the largest animal from the cat family found in southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, and
South America?
Jaguar
469
(30 sec) What is the frequency of a sound wave with a wavelength of 0.5 meter and a wave speed of 300 meter per second?
600 Hertz or (inverse second)
470
(30 sec) Give the total number of atoms in the formula of aluminum carbonate.
14 atoms
471
Name the diagram that shows stars and their relationships between absolute magnitudes or luminosities versus their
spectral classifications or effective temperatures.
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram or H-R Diagram
472
Name the following compound: N2O5 (read N-2-O-5).
Dinitrogen Pentoxide
473
During DNA replication what are the small pieces of “disjointed” DNA called on the lagging strand?
Okazaki Fragments
474
(30 sec) What precipitate forms when zinc chloride reacts with sodium hydroxide?
Zinc hydroxide (accept zinc-2-hydroxide)
475
What are the four nitrogenous bases that make up the base pairs in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine
476
How many different isomers are possible for a hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C 4 H 10?
2
477
(30 sec) A car is pushed with a force of 2550 Newtons and accelerates to the right at 3.4 meters per second squared. What is
the mass of the car?
750 kilograms
478
(30 sec) If two displacement vectors of 6 meters and 8 meters (with varying directions) are added together, then the resultant
magnitude could range anywhere between what two meter measurements?
2 and 14 (meters)
479
What are the two protein myofibrils that make up filaments of a muscle?
Actin and myosin
480
Identify the network of vesicles found in the cytoplasm of many cells and used in the production of proteins and
carbohydrates.
Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex or Golgi body or Golgi
481
What term best describes the chemical and physical process that transforms sediments into rock?
lithification
482
What name is given to photosynthetic or chemosynthetic organisms which make up the base of a food chain or
ecological pyramid?
primary producers
483
Name the property of a mineral that describes how light is reflected from its surface.
Juster
484
(30 sec) What is the pH of a solution with hydroxide ion concentration of ten to the minus 10?
4
485
(45 sec) Find the equivalent resistance of a circuit having four resistors in parallel containing one 15 ohm, one 5 ohm, and
two 30 ohm resistors.
3 Ohms
486
What is the chemical substance produced by some insects to communicate and attract mates?
Pheromone
487
(45 seconds) How many moles of sugar are required to make 4 Liters of a saturated solution having a concentration of 0.6 molar?
2.4
488
What is the name of the compound from which limestone is made?
Calcium Carbonate
489
What is the VSEPR (vesper) shape of sulfur hexafluoride?
Octahedral
490
(30 seconds) In terms of g, what is the acceleration due to gravity on a planet with twice the radius and twice the mass of Earth?
0.5g or one-half g
491
Name the ecological process which describes a predictable series of changes that an ecosystem will go through
following a disturbance such as a fire, flood, or volcanic eruption.
Ecological Succession (also accept "Succession")
492
(30 sec) A platform diver weighs 500 Newtons. She steps off a diving board that is elevated to a height of 10 meters above
the water. How many Joules of kinetic energy will the diver possess just as she hits the water?
5000 Joules or 5000 Newton-meters
493
Name the yellowish liquid that is excreted from the mammary gland as a precursor to breast milk.
Colostrum
494
What do we call the ratio of the air's actual water-vapor content compared to the amount of water vapor that air can
hold at a specific temperature and pressure?
relative humidity
495
Name the term that refers to an increased amount of nutrients that have been added to natural waterways through
natural processes or human activities.
Eutrophication
496
How many electrons are required to fill a f sublevel?
14
497
In what layer of the earth’s atmosphere does the majority of weather occur?
Troposphere
498
(30 sec) How many lone pairs of electrons are located on the oxygen atom of a water molecule?
2
499
(30 sec) A teeter totter has 180 pounds placed four feet from the fulcrum. How many pounds must be placed six feet from the
fulcrum on the other side to achieve balance?
120 pounds
499
If a parent with a homozygous dominant gene pair for a trait is crossed with a parent with the recessive phenotype, what is the phenotypic ratio in the F one generation?
4:0 (accept 4 to zero or zero to four)
500
What term describes a plant's tendency to grow towards a light source?
phototropism (phototropic)
501
What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in nitrous acid?
+3 (plus 3)
502
(60 sec) Using an acceleration of gravity of 10 meters per second squared, what is the power output of a 68.8 kilogram
student who runs up a flight of stairs that is 3.4 meters tall in a time of 2.34 seconds?
1000 watts or accept 999.6 watts or any correct rounding of 999.6 watts
503
What effect describes the ejection of electrons from a metal surface when light falls on it?
Photoelectric
504
(60 seconds) What is the distance in centimeters of an image created using a convex lens that has a focal length of 12 centimeters with an object distance of 60 centimeters?
15
505
What term best describes the group of snakes that wrap their bodies around their prey and gradually squeeze until
the prey suffocates?
constrictors
506
In chemistry, what letter represents the principal quantum number?
n
507
(45 sec) Given the law of conservation of momentum, what is the velocity of a 500 kilogram cannon after it has fired a 10
kilogram cannon ball at a velocity of 50 meter per second?
negative one meter per second
508
What chemical law states that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, they are in a simple whole number ratio to one another?
(law of) multiple proportions
509
What is the term for the maximum number of a given species that an ecosystem can sustain at any given time?
carrying capacity
510
Meaning "acid loving," what variety of bacteria is commonly used to transform milk into yogurt?
Acidophilus
511
Give the term for the point in the orbit of a planet, asteroid, or comet at which it is closest to the sun.
perihelion
512
What form of energy is used by a cell during active transport to accomplish the task of molecules moving from a point of lower concentration to a point of higher concentration?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
513
What is the electron configuration for a fluoride ion which has an atomic number of 9?
1s2 2s2 2p6
514
What is the term for an open-chain hydrocarbon in which a triple bond between at least one pair of carbon atoms is
present?
alkyne (pronounced al-kine) Do not accept al-kane or al-keen
515
(30 sec) What would be the power rating of a 120-volt heater when it draws 12.0 amperes of current?
1440 watts or 1.44 kilowatts
516
What are the three shapes of galaxies as classified by Hubble?
Spiral, irregular, elliptical
517
Name the system that is related to instinct, emotions and mood and involves the hippocampus, hypothalamus,
thalamus, and parts of the cerebral cortex.
Limbic system
518
Give the chemical formula for chromium (II) nitrite (chromium 2 nitrite).
Cr(NO2)2("Cr parentheses N-O-2 close parentheses two")
519
(30 sec) What is the current flowing through a circuit with 20 ohms of resistance and a 12-volt power supply?
0.6 amperes [accept 3/5 ampere, unit can be expressed as "amps"]
519
What is the term for cells that have two sets of chromosomes?
Diploid
520
(30 seconds) To the nearest whole number, what is the mass, in grams, of one mole of glucose with a formula of C 6 H 12 O 6?
180
521
Which one of the four fundamental forces of the universe is most directly involved with maintaining the planets in
their orbits?
Gravity
522
Name two of the four factors that affect the size of a population.
(any two) birthrate, mortality rate (death rate), immigration, emigration
523
(30 seconds) What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between a 20 Newton block and a table if it takes 5 Newtons to pull it at a constant speed?
0.25 (must be expressed as a decimal, do not accept 1/4)
524
(30 sec) The force of gravitational attraction between 2 steel balls is 5 Newtons. If both masses double and the radius
doubles, what is the new gravitational force of attraction?
5 Newtons
525
Give the name of the fatty layer of insulation surrounding the axons of many nerve cells which functions to speed
up the transmission of nerve impulses.
myelin (or myelin sheath)
526
Name the scientific principle which states only two electrons can occupy a given orbital, and both must have
opposite spins.
The Pauli (or Exclusion)(Principle)
527
Which land biome contains the greatest species diversity?
Tropical Rain Forest (prompt for additional information if student says rain forest)
528
"Magnetars," "accretation-powered," and "rotation-powered" are three categories of what type of neutron star that periodically emits radiation?
Pulsar
529
With a hardness of 6 on the Moh's Scale of Hardness, give the term for the group of closely related minerals that
make up the majority of the earth's crust.
Feldspar(s)
530
(30 sec) How many times more acidic is a solution with a pH of 5 compared to a solution with a pH of 8?
1,000 (times) (also accept 10^3)
531
What term describes a plant's tendency to grow towards a light source?
Phototropic (or phototropism)
532
Some people feel an improvement in their health after taking a remedy that has no proven scientific effect on health
status. What is the effect called?
Placebo (effect)
533
(30 sec) How many Joules are in one watt-hour?
3600 joules
534
(60 seconds) How far does a car travel if it speeds up from rest at a rate of 4 meters per second squared for a period of 5 seconds?
50 meters
535
(30 sec) What would be the mass number of the radon produced when radium 226 undergoes alpha decay?
222
536
(30 seconds) How much current is flowing through a 60 watt light bulb if it is connected to a 120 volt supply?
0.5 amps or amperes
537
If a father is heterozygous for brown eyes and the mother has blue eyes, what is the probability their child will have
blue eyes?
50% or 1/2 or 1:2
538
What term is used to describe the path a projectile follows as it travels through space?
Trajectory
539
What is the name of the electromagnetic light show that lights up the Antarctic?
Aurora Australis
540
(30 sec) What is the gravitational potential energy of a 5 kilogram object dropped from a height of 3 meters above the
surface of Mars where the gravity is 3.7 meters per second squared?
55.5 Newtons or 55.5 kilograms meters per second squared
541
What is the ion that attaches to troponin to allow for muscle cell contraction?
Calcium or Calcium plus 2
542
Give the oxidation number for nitrogen in the compound dinitrogen trioxide.
+3
542
Name the common metallic element of the alkaline-earth group that burns in air with an intense white flame as used in flashbulbs, pyrotechnics, and incendiaries.
Magnesium
543
What is the most common term used in genetics to describe the observable physical characteristics of an organism
caused by the expression of a gene or set of genes?
phenotype
544
If a cell shrinks when placed in a solution, what type of solution was it placed in?
hypertonic
545
(60 sec) Calculate the mass of copper, to the hundredths place, if a sample has a density of 8.94 grams per cubic centimeter
and a volume of 4 cubic centimeters.
35.76 grams
546
What theory, widely accepted by astronomers, explains the formation of the moon?
Giant Impact
547
Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer that prevents most of the ultraviolet radiation from reaching
the surface of the Earth?
stratosphere
548
What is the molecular formula for perchloric acid?
H C L O 4
549
(30 sec) What would be the starting time of a car that finished a 1400 mile trip at 8:00 a.m. if it averaged 70 mph?
12 noon the previous day
550
What term of respiratory physiology is described by the following definition: the volume of air inspired or expired during a normal inspiration or expiration.
Tidal (volume)
551
What does a mycophagist eat?
fungi or mushrooms
552
What Greco-Egyptian astronomer's geocentric theory of the universe was accepted until 1543, when Copernicus
formulated his theory that the earth is a moving planet?
Ptolemy.
553
Identify the three products of cellular respiration.
ATP (energy), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)
554
What are the four fundamental forces of nature?
Strong nuclear, weak nuclear, electromagnetic, and gravity
555
What is the heaviest naturally occurring element?
Uranium
556
(30 sec) What is the total resistance of a parallel circuit with 2 branches, each with a 10 ohm ["ome"] resistor?
5 ohms
557
What almond-shaped and sized portion of the brain, called the “fear center,” helps us decide whether to fight, take flight or simply be afraid?
Amygdala
558
How many valence electrons does an atom of fluorine (atomic number 9) have?
7
559
(30 sec) Calculate the speed, in meters per second, of an ocean wave with a frequency of 20 Hertz and a wavelength of 2.5
meters.
50 meters per second
560
Operating on electromagnetic principles, what is the basic component of both ammeters and voltmeters?
Galvanometer
561
According to the combined gas law, what quantity varies inversely with pressure if temperature is held constant?
volume
562
Name the components of a cell found mainly in plants and protists, which are liquid-filled cavities enclosed by a
single membrane, and serve as storage areas for food and waste products.
vacuoles
563
Name the scientist credited with the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment.
(Gregor) Mendel
564
What is the name of the human body system that circulates white blood cells?
Lymphatic
565
Radio reception between two cities that are a great distance apart depends primarily on conditions in what layer of the atmosphere?
Ionosphere
566
What phenomenon of light makes it possible for light to stay inside fiber optics?
Total internal reflection
567
What term is given to the pores in leaves through which gases enter and leave?
Stomata
568
Name the compound with the formula of Cu Cl two, dot, six H two O. (CuC12.6H2O)
Copper (II) chloride hexahydrate (copper two chloride hexahydrate)
569
(30 sec) What is the centripetal force, in Newtons, needed to keep a 3 kilogram object in a circle with a radius of 2 meters, if
the object’s speed is 10 meters per second?
120 Newtons
570
(60 seconds) Dolomite is a carbonate of magnesium and calcium. Analysis shows that 7.81 grams of dolomite contains 1.70 grams of calcium. Calculate the mass percent of calcium in dolomite to the nearest tenth of a percent.
21.8%
571
What is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone?
Hyoid
572
(60 sec) How many moles of oxygen are required to completely combust two moles of methane?
4 (moles)
573
What is the only non-metal element that is liquid at room temperature?
Bromine
574
Which scale is metered from 1 to 10 and used by geologists to determine the hardness of minerals?
Moh's (Scale of Hardness)
575
What type of rays have a high-frequency, travel at the speed of light and are the most penetrating form of radiation?
Gamma rays
576
What color would be emitted from lithium during a flame test?
red
577
What term refers to the lack of specialization or differentiation of stem cells?
Totipotent
578
Name the protein produced by cells after they have been exposed to a virus that prevents the virus from reproducing within the infected cells.
Interferon
579
(30 sec) Two resistors are wired in parallel. If each resistor has a rating of 6 Ohms, what is the equivalent resistance in Ohms
of the two resistors?
3
580
What is the name of a tide with little variation between high and low tides?
Neap Tide
581
Give the chemical name for the substance whose formula is N A 2 S O 3.
Sodium sulfite {sulfate is incorrect}
582
(30 sec) Assuming a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 20% of a population is homozygous dominant, 52% is heterozygous, and
28% is homozygous recessive. How many of the next generation is predicted to be homozygous recessive if the
population contains 1000 individuals?
280
583
(30 seconds) What is the acceleration of a 5 kilogram object that is being pushed by a force of 35 Newtons?
7 meters per second squared or meters per second per second
584
(30 sec) In Hertz, what are the two possible frequencies of a tuning fork that can produce a beat frequency of 2 Hertz if it is
sounded together with a tuning fork of frequency 384 Hertz?
382 and 386
585
Name the thin sac of tough tissue that surrounds the heart.
pericardium
586
Give the term for a laboratory technique that uses a solution of known concentration to determine the concentration of another solution.
titration
587
(60 seconds) In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous parents, what is the probability of obtaining an offspring that is homozygous recessive for both traits?
1/16
588
(30 sec) What is the power in watts for a force of five newtons lifting an object six meters in two seconds?
15
589
Measured in Farads, what quantity measures the charge stored per volt across parallel plates?
Capacitance
590
What event follows the last phase of mitosis, completing the process of cell division?
Cytokinesis
591
What trophoblast (pronounced as tro-fo-blast) derived structure is absent in monotremes (pronounced as mon-o-treems) and marsupials, but found in all other mammals which nourishes the fetus in utero?
Placenta
592
What type of intermolecular force of attraction acts between two polar molecules?
dipole-dipole
593
What rock type forms from magma cooling rapidly on Earth’s surface?
Extrusive Igneous Rock
594
What Spanish word for "shaft or pit in a gold mine" is used in the U.S. to designate "a dry gully" or "a stream bed situated in a desert area"?
Arroyo
595
Renal failure refers to the shut down of what organs?
kidney(s)
596
(30 sec) What is the electron configuration for an oxide ion?
1s2 2s2 2p6 (reads 1s two, 2s two, 2p six)
597
Name the five-carbon sugar found in both ATP and ADP.
Ribose
598
Name the SI unit of capacitance.
farad
599
(45 seconds) How much power is generated in lifting a box if you exert a vertical force of 92 newtons while raising it to a height of 6 meters in 3 seconds?
184 Watts
600
What term is given to the bridge-like connection between the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain?
Corpus callosum
601
Which two word name is given to the cluster that includes the Milky Way and 25 or more other galaxies?
local group
602
Which German physicist's work led him to the conclusion that matter can gain or lose energy only in small, specific amounts called quanta?
(Max) Planck
603
What are the two types of collisions?
Elastic and inelastic
604
What is the name of the family of elements requiring one electron to achieve a noble gas structure?
halogens
605
In seconds, what is the period of a wave with at speed of 3 meters per second and a wavelength of 6 meters?
2 (seconds)
606
To what class and order do bears belong?
(Class) Mammalia and (Order) Carnivora
607
What part of the digestive tract of crustaceans, consisting of a muscular tube with sharp teeth on the inside, is used to grind hard food items?
The gastric mill
608
What layer of the sun gives off visible light and is considered to be the surface of the sun?
Photoshpere
609
Name the chemical bond that holds two amino acids together.
peptide bond or peptide
610
If polonium-210 undergoes transmutation which results in lead-206, what particle is emitted?
Alpha (particle)
611
What do we call the measure of an earthquake's damage?
Intensity
612
Name the class of organic acids, such as acetic (pronounced as ah-cee-tic) acid, that have the functional group C O O H.
Carboxylic
613
What is the mass of 37 liters of water?
37,000 grams or 37 kilograms
614
What two planets' rotations are retrograde to their orbits?
Venus and Uranus
615
Name the unit of kidney activity that acts as a blood filter and begins the formation of urine.
Nephron
616
What two quantities of a planet's orbit are related in Kepler's 3rd law?
Radius and period (also accept revolution time for period)
617
(30 seconds) Neglecting friction and assuming acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared, what is the acceleration in meters per second squared of a 65 kilogram skier skiing down a 30 degree slope?
5
618
Which Kingdom includes both the giant kelp and the amoeba?
Kingdom Protista
619
Name the thin layer of cells in a tree trunk that can divide to increase the diameter of the tree.
Cambium
620
Name the two planets on which the atmosphere consists chiefly of carbon dioxide.
Mars and Venus
621
(30 sec) How far, in meters, will a spring with a spring constant of 400 Newtons per meter stretch if a force of 100 Newtons is
applied?
0.25 (meters)
622
Name the term for tough bands of tissue connecting bone to bone.
Ligaments
623
(30 sec) How many moles are there in 54.0 Liters of nitrogen dioxide at STP?
2.41 moles
624
Which two angles are related in Snell's law?
Angle of refraction and incidence
625
What organ allows bony fish to maintain buoyancy?
Swim bladder
626
(30 sec) If the principal quantum number is 4, what is the maximum number of electrons present?
32
627
What cosmic phenomenon is typically described as a narrow beam of intense radiation from a supernova explosion?
Gamma-ray burst
628
Name the particle that remains after a proton has been donated by an acid.
conjugate base
629
Name the tendon that connects the calcaneous with the gastrocnemius.
Achilles tendon
630
(30 sec) What is the momentum of a 12 kilogram object traveling at 6 meters per second?
72 kilogram meters per second
631
What layer of the earth’s interior, made largely of silicon dioxide and magnesium oxide, lies just below the
Mohorivicic (moe-hoe-roe-vich-ich) Discontinuity and just above the outer core?
Mantle
632
(30 sec) Using acceleration due to gravity as 10 meters per second squared, how much upward force in Newtons is necessary
to lift a 5 kilogram object upwards at 3 meters per second squared?
65
633
AIDS is a disease caused by HIV that results in an ineffective immune system. What does AIDS stand for?
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
634
(30 sec) What is the pH of a solution with a hydronium ion concentration of 0.01 mole per liter?
2
635
(30 sec) Assuming gravity equals 10 meters per second squared, a student with a mass of 100 kilograms is standing on a
bathroom scale in an elevator that is moving downward with an acceleration of 2 meters per second squared. What
does the scale read in Newtons?
800 (Newtons)
636
What artery carries deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary (artery)
637
Name the mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a green algae.
lichens
638
What is the state of matter, when it is near absolute zero, that all the atoms will exhibit the same quantum state
behaving as one single 'mega' atom?
Bose-Einstein condensate
639
What is the name of the fault line that produced four of the strongest earthquakes recorded in U.S. history and which
is named for a town in Missouri?
New Madrid (fault line) [properly pronounced MAD rid, not muh DRID]
640
Who determined that the paths of the planets are ellipses with the center of the sun at one focus?
Kepler
641
Name the two hormones that regulate blood sugar in humans.
Insulin and Glucagon
642
What is the name of the present geological era?
cenozoic
643
What is the SI unit of pressure?
pascal
644
What are the two high energy molecules produced during the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
ATP and NADPH
645
What principle states that the buoyant force on a object in the fluid is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid?
Archimedes' principle
646
What are the three methods by which heat may be transferred?
Conduction, convection, radiation
647
What is the term used to describe a substance that is without water?
Anhydrous
648
With what element are saturated fats actually saturated?
hydrogen
649
What are the two protein molecules that make up the filaments of a muscle fiber?
actin and myosin
650
What is the oxidation number for each atom in NH4+1?
N = -3; H = +1
651
Who discovered that if a wire moves through a magnetic field, an electric current can flow?
(Michael) Faraday
652
What type of plant-like protist has silica walls?
Diatom
653
(30 sec) When a solution's pH is changed from 9 to 6, how many more times acidic does the solution become?
10 to the third power or 1000 times
654
What is the slope of an acceleration versus time graph?
Jerk
655
What is the name given to a bed of porous rock, sand, or gravel that contains groundwater?
Aquifer
656
What is the term describing the indentation that forms between the two halves of an animal cell during telophase?
Cleavage furrow
657
What are the scientific names for the two ends of a battery?
Cathode and Anode (any order)
658
Name the narrow ring-shaped islands that evolve from coral reefs attached to volcanic cones.
Atolls
659
(30 sec) Assume the long-winged trait in insects is dominant over short wings. A long-winged insect is crossed with a short
winged insect producing all short-winged offspring. What percent chance did each offspring have for having long
wings?
50
660
(30 sec) A 30 kilogram child sits 3 meters from the fulcrum of a see-saw. How far in meters should a 45 kilogram child sit
from the fulcrum on the other side in order to balance the 30 kilogram child?
2
661
(30 sec) What is the gravitational field strength on a planet where a 15 kilogram object weighs 90 Newtons?
6 Newtons per kilogram
662
Name the four basic types of body tissue.
Epithelial, connective, nerve, muscle
663
Which law would support the statement, "In every sample of carbon monoxide, the mass ratio of carbon to oxygen is
3 to 4?
(Law of) Definite Proportions
664
Consisting of a floor, understory, canopy, and emergent layers, what ecological areas classified as either temperate or
tropical can be found around the world?
Rain forests
665
What scale is used to classify hurricanes according to wind, air pressure in the center, and potential for property
damage?
Saffir-Simpson (scale)
666
What rule of chemistry states that electron orbitals of equal energy fill up such that each orbital has a lone electron
before the electrons begin to pair up?
Hund’s (Rule)
667
A 45 kilogram child on ice skates catches a 5 kilogram ball thrown at 2 meters per second. How fast, in meters per
second, do they slide backwards neglecting friction?
0.2 (meters per second)
668
Name the area of the vertebral column that includes the neck.
Cervical
669
(60 sec) To the nearest tenth, how many moles of helium gas at STP would it take to fill a weather balloon with a volume of
65000 milliliters?
2.9
670
Name the earth shaping process in which the weight of a subducting plate helps pull the trailing lithosphere into a
subduction zone.
Slab pull
671
(30 sec) A car speeds up from 10 meters per second to 45 meters per second in 7 seconds. In meters per second squared, what
is the car's acceleration?
5 (meters per second squared)
672
What term refers to the shrinking of the cytoplasm in a plant cell due to water loss?
Plasmolysis (plaz MAHL uh suhs), do not accept crenation
673
What is the name of the small hair-like structures on many unicellular organisms that are used to propel the organism
through a medium?
Cilia (or cilium)
674
What is the formula for copper (I) sulfate (read: copper one sulfate)?
Cu2SO4 (said as C-U-2-S-O-4)
675
What is the name given to the product of the angular velocity of a body and its moment of inertia about an axis of
rotation?
angular momentum
676
How many electrons are shared in the covalent bond that exists between carbon and oxygen in carbon monoxide?
3 pairs or 6 electrons
677
(30 sec) What is the predicted phenotypic ratio resulting from a dihybrid cross between two individuals heterozygous for both
traits?
9:3:3:1 (also accept 9/16, 3/16, 3/16, 1/16)
678
Identify the major ocean current which forms in the Western Caribbean Sea and warms the winds that blow toward
Europe, enabling the British Isles and Norway to have milder winters than other regions of the same latitude.
Gulf Stream
679
Name two of the three general shapes of bacteria.
round (coccus, cooci, sphere), rod (bacillus), spiral (spririllum)
680
How would you classify metmorphic rocks that show layers of dark minerals alternating with layers of light minerals?
foliated
681
(45 sec) What is the acceleration, in meters per second squared, of a 500 kilogram cart that is being pushed with a force of 20
Newtons?
0.04 (meters per second squared)
682
What is the physical property of metals which allows them to be pulled into long thin wires?
ductility
683
What is a watt equivalent to in terms of kilograms, meters, and seconds?
Kg·m² /s³
684
Name the organelle containing stroma and thylakoids.
chloroplasts
685
What is the molar mass of: C3H8O3 (read as: C-3-H-8-O-3)?
92 grams/mole (must have units)
686
(30 sec) A concave mirror has a focal length of 10.0 centimeters. What is its radius of curvature in centimeters?
20.0 (centimeters)
687
Name the three nonviable daughter cells produced during oogenesis. (Pronounce O-O-genesis)
Polar bodies
688
What is the name of a steady state of chemical reactions, in which the forward and backward reactions are both
occurring but balanced?
Dynamic equilibrium (do not accept equilibrium)
689
(30 sec) What is the mass of an object that has a kinetic energy of 50 Joules and is moving at 2 meters per second?
25 kilograms
690
What plant chemical is used extensively in agriculture to ripen fruits that are harvested early and to loosen fruits so
that they drop more readily for machine harvest?
ethylene
691
What is the SI unit for angular displacement?
radians
692
What term is given to neucleotide triplets in messenger RNA?
codons
693
What is the chemical formula for Copper one sulfate?
C U 2 S O 4
694
What organelle that contains cristae, and has its own DNA, may once have been its own cell?
Mitochondria
695
What would be the name of the precipitate formed if an aqueous solution of barium nitrate is combined with an
aqueous solution of sodium sulfate?
barium sulfate
696
Whose principle, that governs the behavior of fluids, states that as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure
exerted by that fluid decreases?
Bernoulli's
697
Name the two planets in our solar system without any moons.
Mercury and Venus
698
What is the bond angle for a trigonal planar compound?
120 degrees
699
What term is used to describe an enzyme (or any protein) that has had a conformational (shape) change rendering it
useless?
denature or denatured
700
What is the name for compounds that have shared molecular formulas but mirror image structural formulas?
stereo isomers
701
What is the larval form of most Mollusks and Annelids called?
trochophore
702
What property of electrical circuits is defined as the ratio of voltage to current?
Resistance
703
The reddish coating on Martian rocks is evidence of the chemical reaction of hematite with what other compound?
water
704
In what specific part of the body would one find the aqueous humor, vitreous humor and sclera?
eye
705
A block is sitting on the ground. On a free body diagram for the block, what is the physics term for the force that is
acting upwards on the block?
normal
706
What is the term for two substances, such as diamonds and graphite, which are two different forms of the same
element?
allotrope
707
What type of mimicry is displayed by the viceroy butterfly as it mimics the monarch butterfly?
Mullerian (myoo-LER-ee-uhn) mimicry
708
(30 sec) Calculate the kinetic energy of a truck with a mass of 2,000 kilograms that is moving at 8 meters per second.
64,000 Joules
709
(30 sec) Give the total number of atoms in the formula of aluminum carbonate.
14
710
What is the involuntary response of an organism to a stimulus, such as the response of a plant to gravity or sunlight?
tropism
711
Name the binary star system found in the handle of the big dipper.
Alcor-Mizar
712
What is the scientific term for a plant that sprouts with only one seed leaf?
Monocot
713
If oxygen 18 undergoes beta decay, what new isotope is formed?
Flourine 18
714
Give the Greek letter used in physics to indicate wavelength.
Lambda
715
(30 sec) If two purple flowering plants with one plant being heterozygous for purple, are crossed and the F1 generation
produces only purple plants what is the genotype of the other plant?
Homozygous capital Ps. (PP)
716
With a size of 578 miles in diameter, spherical in shape, and possessing abundant ice, what is the largest known
object in the asteroid belt?
Ceres
717
(30 sec) In meters per second and assuming the speed of light to be 3 times 10 to the 8 meters per second, what is the speed
of light in a material that has an index of refraction of 1.5?
2 times 10 to the 8th or 200,000,000
718
What is the Greek meaning of “platy” in the animal phylum Platyhelminthes (plat-i-hel-'min(t)-thez\)?
Flat
719
(30 sec) What is the new acceleration of a sled in meters per second squared that was accelerating at a rate of 2 meters per
second squared if the net force is tripled and the mass is doubled?
3
720
What English clergyman and chemist in 1774 discovered "dephlogisticated (pronounced dee-flow-gis-ti-kay-tid) air,"
or oxygen?
Joseph Priestley
721
What type of covalent bond is found between amino acids?
peptide bond or polypeptide bond
722
Identify two of the four natural processes that change climate.
Earth motions, Ocean circulation, Solar activity, Volcanic eruptions.
723
What molecular shape results when 4 shared pairs of electrons surround the central atom?
Tetrahedron or tetrahedral
724
The sizes of what objects are plotted on an H-R diagram?
Stars
725
Name the type of cell that builds bone tissue.
osteoblast
726
(30 sec) What is the resistance of a light bulb that has a current of 10 amperes and a voltage drop of 30 volts across it?
3 Ohms
727
What is the name for a colloidal suspension of one liquid in another?
emulsion
728
Name the order in which armadillos, anteaters, and sloths are classified.
Edentata
also accept: Xenarthrans
729
What physical law holds that the ratio of the sines of the incident and refracted angles equals the reciprocal of the ratio
of indices of refraction?
Snell's law
730
(30 sec) A 4 kilogram block moving at 6 meters per second collides and sticks to a stationary 8 kilogram block. In meters
per second, what is the speed of the combined objects after the collision?
2
731
Identify the structures that both open and close the stomata in a plant cell, allowing gasses to enter and leave the plant.
Guard cells
732
