Ventricles, Blood, Forebrain Intro

Question 1

What are the two regions of the Prosencephalon (forebrain)?

Answer 1

• Telencephalon (cerebral hemisphere)

- Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus)

Question 2

What is the mesencephalon?

Answer 2

midbrain

Question 3

What are the two regions of the Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)?

Answer 3

• Metencephalon (pons/cerebellum)

- Myelencephalon (medulla)

Question 4

The lateral ventricle is found in the___________

Answer 4

telencephalon

Question 5

The third ventricle is found in the ___________

Answer 5

diencephalon

Question 6

The cerebral aqueduct is found in the ________

Answer 6

midbrain

Question 7

The fourth ventricle is found in the _____

Answer 7

hindbrain

Question 8

What structures allow CSF to be let out into the cisterns of the subarachnoid space?

Answer 8

Median and two lateral apetures

Question 9

What structure allows CSF to be let out into the superior sagittal sinus?

Answer 9

arachnoid granulation villi

Question 10

What three things make up the leptomeninges?

Answer 10

• arachnoid mater
• subarachnoid space
• pia mater

Question 11

Arterial bleeding between the skull and the dura mater is called what?

Answer 11

epidural hematoma

Question 12

Venous bleeding between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater is called what?

Answer 12

subdural hematoma

Question 13

Hemorrhaging of the cerebral arteries part of the circle of willis would result in what?

Answer 13

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 14

Blindness would be the result of blockage of which cerebral artery?

Answer 14

posterior cerebral artery

Question 15

Vertebral arteries converge to form what?

Answer 15

Basilar artery

Question 16

What are the two main blood pathways to the circle of willis?

Answer 16

• internal carotid artery

- vertebral arteries

Question 17

Another word for anastomosis in the brain is?

Answer 17

Watershed

Question 18

What are the 4 major divisions of the telencephalon?

Answer 18

1-frontal lobe
2-parietal lobe
3-temporal lobe
4-occipital lobe

Question 19

What are the two major landmarks that define the frontal lobe?

Answer 19

• Central sulcus (divides parietal and frontal

- Lateral sulcus (divides frontal and temporal)

Question 20

How many layers does the Cortex have?

Answer 20

6 layers, each with distinct functions

Question 21

What are the functionally distinct regions of the brain largely based on?

Answer 21

Brodmann’s Areas

Question 22

What is an embolism?

Answer 22

occlusion of artery

Question 23

What is a hemorrhage?

Answer 23

bleeding from vessel

Question 24

What is ischemia?

Answer 24

death as a result of lack of oxygen and glucose

Question 25

What are the 3 kinds of Cerebral Cortex connections?

Answer 25

1-Projection neurons (usually motor, involves spinal cord, basal ganglia and thalamus) 2-Association (parts of cortex plugged together) 3-Commisural (Connecting right and left hemisphere)

Question 26

What is a commissure?

Answer 26

Reciprocal connections or union of parts

Question 27

What is a chiasma?

Answer 27

Crossing and/or intersection of two tracts

Question 28

What is decussation?

Answer 28

Cross-over of independent tracts at the same site

Question 29

What are crossing fibers?

Answer 29

Fibers may cross but come back to the same side they left. Such as with the trochlear nerve

Question 30

What are the major subdivisions of the Diencephalon?

Answer 30

- Epithalamus - Thalamus - Hypothalamus

Question 31

What surrounds the third ventricle?

Answer 31

Diencephalon

Question 32

What two major things are found in the epithalamus?

Answer 32

- pineal gland (light dark cycles) | - habenula (role in negative feedback/reward system)

Question 33

What is the main function of the thalamus?

Answer 33

-relay nuclei

Question 34

What is the major function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 34

-endocrin/physiological stasis

Question 35

The limbic system predonimately deals with what?

Answer 35

Emotion

Question 36

What is the major function of basal ganglia?

Answer 36

-fine motor control

Question 37

What are the 5 major nuclei of basal ganglia?

Answer 37

``` 1-Caudate nucleus (striated) 2-Putamen 3-Globus pallidus 4-Subthalamic nucleus 5-substantia nigra ```

Question 38

Where is the limbo system predominantly found?

Answer 38

temporal lobe

Question 39

What are the two major components of the limbic system?

Answer 39

- hippocampus | - amygdala