Brainstem

Question 1

What landmarks are characteristic of the Midbrain (mesencephalon)? (Legs doing the splits)

Answer 1

• Quadrigeminal plate (superior and inferior colliculi)
• Cerebral peduncles
• Cerebral aquaduct
• Red nucleus (rostral end)
• substantia nigra

Question 2

What landmarks are characteristic of the Pons? (Uncle bob’s belly)

Answer 2

• pons proper
• middle cerebellar peduncle
• Fourth ventricle
• Basilar artery

Question 3

What landmarks are characteristic of the Medulla? (butt crack)

Answer 3

• Pyramid
• Olive
• Fourth Ventricle
• Vertebral arteries

Question 4

The alar plate deals with what neurons?

Answer 4

sensory

Question 5

The basal plate deals with what neurons?

Answer 5

motor

Question 6

What are the three Sensory nuclei?

Answer 6

1-Somatic Sensory
2-Hearing and balance sensory
3-Visceral sensory

Question 7

What are the three Motor nuclei?

Answer 7

1-Visceral motor
2-Branchial motor
3-Somatic motor

Question 8

What imaginary line separates the motor and sensory nuclei?

Answer 8

sulcus limitans

Question 9

What does the oculomotor nucleus innervate?

Answer 9

• Levator palpabrae superioris (eyelid muscle)
• Superior rectus
• Medial rectus
• Inferior rectus
• Inferior oblique

*CN III- occulomotor nerve

Question 10

What happens to eye movement when the oculomotor nuclei is damaged?

Answer 10

eye deviates down and out with ptosis (droopy eyelid)

Question 11

Edinger-westphal nucleus is visceral motor (para) that innervates what?

Answer 11

ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae

*CN III

Question 12

Parasympathetics _______ the pupil and Sympathetics _________ it

Answer 12

constrict, dilate

Question 13

How do you test the trochlear nucleus (CN IV)?

Answer 13

Have them look in and down (trochlear innervates the inferior oblique)

Question 14

Light sensory travels in via the ___________ nerve and the reflex of sphincter pupillae contraction goes out the __________

Answer 14

Optic (CN II)

Oculomotor (CN III, in consensual fashion)

Question 15

The trigeminal motor nucleus is a branchial motor nucleus that innervates what?

Answer 15

muscles of mastication (mandibular articulation)

Question 16

What is the general responsibility of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract?

Answer 16

receiving general sensory innervation from CN V-trigeminal

Question 17

What three regions does sensory information come to the trigeminal nucleus?

Answer 17

V1- ophthalmic region
V2-Maxilla
V3-Mandible

Question 18

The corneal reflex is sensory info from ___________ to the spinal trigeminal nucleus which then sends motor via the ____________

Answer 18

CN V1 (trigeminal ophthalmic region), Facial nucleus CN VII

*All happens in the pons

Question 19

Abducens nucles CN VI, does what?

Answer 19

abducts eye by innervating lateral rectus

Question 20

The superior salivary nucleus is visceral motor (para) that innervates what?

Answer 20

Submandibular and sublingual glands

lacrimal gland

Question 21

The branchial, facial nucleus is responsible for what?

Answer 21

innervation of facial expression muscles

Question 22

What nuclei are found in the rostral midbrain?

Answer 22

• occulomotor nucleus (Som. Motor)
• Ed westphal nucleus (Visc. motor)

*occulomotor nerve CN III

Question 23

What nuclei is found in the caudal midbrain?

Answer 23

Trochlear nucleus (CN IV)

Question 24

Which nuclei are found in the rostral Pons?

Answer 24

• Motor trigeminal

- sensory trigeminal (V1, V2, V3)

Question 25

Which nuclei are found in the caudal pons

Answer 25

- abducens nucleus (CN VI) - facial nucleus (CN VII) - Superior salvitory nucleus (CN VII)

Question 26

Which nuclei are found in the medulla?

Answer 26

- hypoglossal - dorsal vagal - inferior salvitory - nucleus ambiguus

Question 27

What does the hypoglossal nucleus (CN XII) innervate?

Answer 27

movement of the tongue (genioglossus muscle)

Question 28

What does the dorsal motor nucleus (CN X vagus) innervate?

Answer 28

parasympathetic: - Heart - Trachea - GI tract - Accessory GI glands/organs

Question 29

What does the inferior salivatory nucleus (CN IX glossopharyngeal) innervate?

Answer 29

Parotid gland

Question 30

The bronchial motor Nucleus ambiguus (CN IX and X) innervates what?

Answer 30

1-Laryngeal muscles 2-palatal muscles 3-pharyngeal muscles *like a lightswitch with three lamps

Question 31

What is the pathway of the corneal reflex?

Answer 31

s. CN V1 in m. CN VII out *in the pons

Question 32

What is the pathway of the gag reflex?

Answer 32

s. CN IX in m. CN X out *in the medulla

Question 33

What is the pathway of the pupillary light reflex?

Answer 33

s. CN II in m CN III out *midbrain

Question 34

What two CN are in the midbrain?

Answer 34

CN III oculomotor | CN IV trochlear

Question 35

Which CN are in the pons?

Answer 35

CN V trigeminal CN VI abducens CN VII facial CN VIII vestibulocochlear

Question 36

Which CN are in the medulla?

Answer 36

CN IX Glossopharyngeal CN X vagus CN XI spinal accessory CN XII hypoglossal