Vestibular/Auditory Flashcards Preview

Neuroanatomy > Vestibular/Auditory > Flashcards

Flashcards in Vestibular/Auditory Deck (24)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What are the 6 major divisions of the Vestibular system?

A

1-Peripheral receptor apparatus
2-Central Vestibular nuclei
3-Vestibulo-ocular network (eye movement)
4-Vestibulo-spinal network (head movement)
5-Vestibulo-cerebellum network (balance)
6-Vestibulo-thalamic-cortical network (motion and spatial orientation)

2
Q

Endolymph is high in _________ whereas perilymph (CSF) is high in _________

A

Potassium, sodium

3
Q

Specialized epithelial cells that overcome inertia to transmit a signal are called?

A

Hair cells

4
Q

What are the 5 steps to transmitting a signal via hair cells?

A
1-Movement
2-Filament is pulled
3-Potassium stretch channel opens
4-potassium is removed from cell
5-High potassium depolarizes, calcium channels open and release neurotransmitter
5
Q

What viscous fluid filled sac helps hair cells overcome angular rotation inertia?

A

cupula at the base of semicircular canals

6
Q

Spinning is sensed in?

A

Semicircular canals

7
Q

Linear motion is sensed in?

A

utricle and saccule

8
Q

The otoconia is covered in calcium carbonate crystals to help sense what?

A

Linear accelaration

9
Q

What is the large nucleus in the inferior pons responsible for hearing and balance?

A

Central Vestibular nucleus

10
Q

What are the four major divisions of the Central vestibular nucleus?

A

1-superior
2-lateral
3-inferior
4-medial

11
Q

Angular motions go from the semicircular canals to where?

A

straight to the cerebellum

12
Q

Linear motions go from the otolith organs to where?

A

the vestibular nucleus to then send efferents

13
Q

What is the vestibulo-cerebellum network responsible for?

A

Control of saccades like eye movements when reading

14
Q

What makes a Nystagmus response?

A

Combination of slow phase eye movement and quick phase movement.

*such as eyes turning to the right when head turns rapidly to the left

15
Q

What is the caloric nystagmus?

A

Warm or cold water causes fluid motion. Cold causes eyes to look opposite way, warm causes eyes to look to the side with water (COWS)

16
Q

What are the 5 general steps to hearing sound?

A
1-cochlear stimulation
2-Processing sound
3-locating sound
4-forming full spatial map
5-relay to cortical area for identification and processing
17
Q

What process helps us distinguish sounds from white noise?

A

Phase locking

18
Q

The medial superior olive relies on what to determine sound location?

A

timing

19
Q

The lateral superior olive uses what to help determine location?

A

intensity

20
Q

How is the inferior colliculus set out?

A

tonographically

21
Q

What relays the sound signal to the cortical areas?

A

medial geniculate

22
Q

Where region of the brain does the sound signal go to?

A

temporal lobe (often on left but either way is only on one side)

23
Q

What is the cortical pathway to go from sound to speech?

A
  • signal arrives in primary auditory area
  • wenicke’s area to understand
  • broca’s area to organize speech
  • motor area to transmit speech signal
24
Q

The more broad end of the cochlea detects ________ frequency and the tighter coiled region detects ________ requency

A

low, high