Ventricular System

Question 1

CNS ventricles

Answer 1

*four structures in the brain that contain CSF: 2 lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle
*continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord

Question 2

pathway of CSF in brain

Answer 2

lateral ventricles -> interventricular foramen -> third ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> fourth ventricle -> central canal (of spinal cord)

Question 3

what ventricle is seen in a cross-section of the midbrain

Answer 3

cerebral aqueduct

Question 4

what ventricle is seen in a cross-section of the pons

Answer 4

4th ventricle

Question 5

what ventricle is seen in a cross-section of the medulla

Answer 5

4th ventricle

Question 6

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 6

*clear, colorless fluid
*acts as a cushion for brain (mechanical protection & shock absorber)
*circulates nutrients & removes waste

Question 7

CSF production

Answer 7

ependymal cells of the choroid plexus (one in each of the ventricles) produces CSF

Question 8

CSF absorption

Answer 8

arachnoid villi (granulations), then drained into superior sagittal sinus, and then to venous system (internal jugular vein)

Question 9

how does the CSF get out of the ventricles and into the subarachnoid space

Answer 9

lateral and median apertures of the 4th ventricles flow CSF into subarachnoid spaces and then into cisterns

Question 10

superior sagittal sinus

Answer 10

receives CSF from the arachnoid villi

Question 11

all of the dural sinuses drain into ?

Answer 11

internal jugular vein

Question 12

is the choroid plexus part of the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 12

YES

Question 13

pyogenic bacterial meningitis - appearance of CSF

Answer 13

yellowish, turbid

Question 14

CSF with pyogenic bacterial meningitis - polymorphonuclear cells

Answer 14

markedly increased

Question 14

CSF with pyogenic bacterial meningitis - lymphocytes

Answer 14

slightly increased or normal

Question 14

CSF with pyogenic bacterial meningitis -protein

Answer 14

markedly increased

Question 15

CSF with pyogenic bacterial meningitis - glucose

Answer 15

decreased

Question 16

viral meningitis - appearance of CSF

Answer 16

clear fluid

Question 17

CSF with viral meningitis - polymorphonuclear cells

Answer 17

slightly increased or normal

Question 18

CSF with viral meningitis - lymphocytes

Answer 18

markedly increased

Question 19

CSF with viral meningitis - protein

Answer 19

slightly increased or normal

Question 20

CSF with viral meningitis - glucose

Answer 20

normal

Question 21

tuberculous meningitis - appearance of CSF

Answer 21

yellowish and viscous

Question 22

CSF with tuberculous meningitis - polymorphonuclear cells

Answer 22

slightly increased or normal

Question 23

CSF with tuberculous meningitis - lymphocytes

Answer 23

markedly increased

Question 24

CSF with tuberculous meningitis - protein

Answer 24

increased

Question 25

CSF with tuberculous meningitis - glucose

Answer 25

decreased

Question 26

fungal meningitis - appearance of CSF

Answer 26

yellowish and viscous

Question 27

CSF with fungal meningitis - polymorphonuclear cells

Answer 27

slightly increased or normal

Question 28

CSF with fungal meningitis - lymphocytes

Answer 28

markedly increased

Question 29

CSF with fungal meningitis - protein

Answer 29

slightly increased or normal

Question 30

CSF with fungal meningitis - glucose

Answer 30

normal or decreased

Question 31

hydrocephalus

Answer 31

*characterized by an excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in :
-ventricular dilation
-increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
*can be congenital or acquired

Question 32

communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 32

primarily a failure to REABSORB CSF (inability to get CSF into venous system)

Question 33

obstructive (non-communicating) hydrocephalus

Answer 33

due to the STRUCTURAL BLOCKAGE of ventricular system (ex. blockage of cerebral aqueduct)