Vera Vomits Blood Flashcards
(97 cards)
What does the gastroduodenal artery divide into?
Right gastroepiploic and superior pancreaticoduodenal
What is a peptic ulcer?
A chronic lesion in the GI tract usually in stomach or duodenum
Which cells secrete saliva?
Acinar cells
What organs is the spleen related to?
The splenic flexture of the colon at its left pole, stomach left kidney and tail of pancreas on visceral surface
Where is pain from the stomach referred to?
Epigastric region via T6-9 dermatomes
Which cells secrete gastrin?
G cells in gastric pits
What are Peyer’s patches?
Lymphoid nodules in the ileum that facilitate immune surveillance and response in mucosa
How is gut formed in embryo?
When proximal part of yolk sac gets trapped by infolding of trilaminar disc
How does H. pylori protect itself from the acid of the stomach/ duodenum?
Secreting a urease enzyme that converts urea into ammonia and co2, the ammonia buffers the HCL
What does the common hepatic artery divide into?
Proper hepatic artery and gastro duodenal artery
What are Brunner’s glands?
Glands of the duodenum which secrete an alkaline mucus
How does the spleen lie in relation to the stomach?
Laterally to the left and above
How is somastatin release triggered and what does it do?
Released due to negative feedback mechanisms, stimulated due to acid presence in lumen of duodenum. Prevents G cells releasing any more gastrin so prevents more HCL release
What are villi?
Long protrusions into lumen that increase surface area and are richly vascularised as well as containing lymphatic lacteals to take away fat molecules too large to travel freely. This makes them ideal for reabsorption
What are the plexuses of the enteric nervous system and what do they control?
Messiner’s plexus - Muscularis mucosae
Auerbach’s plexus - Muscularis externa
What is the pylori sphincter formed of?
A thickening of the circular smooth muscle coat
Where does the splenic artery give branches to?
Spleen, upper border of pancreas, short gastric and left gastroepiploic to stomach
Where do left and right gastroepiploic arteries anastomose?
Greater curvature of stomach
What is the parasympathetic innervation of the hindgut and where does it originate?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves from S2-S4 via inferior hypogastric plexus
What do H2 blockers do?
Reduce acid secretion by blocking histamine receptors on parietal cells. Can slow metabolism of drugs like warfarin
Which receptors are on parietal cells and are stimulated to cause HCL secretion?
M3 receptors
Where does the coeliac trunk originate?
Level of T12
How do left kidney and left adrenal gland in relation to the stomach?
Laterally to the left
What is the muscularis externa?
A powerful muscular layer containing an inner oblique layer, a thick circular middle layer and a thick longitudinal coat of smooth muscle.