Version Control Pipeline

Question 1

A repository model is…

Answer 1

A model for storing data in a repository

Question 2

A monorepo is a repository model meaning…

Answer 2

We have one single repository for all microservices, and when one commits, all of them enter production

Question 3

A multirepo is a repository model meaning…

Answer 3

Each microservice has one repository, meaning that when one commits, only that microservice enters production

Question 4

Trunk-based development is a development process that entails…

Answer 4

Developers working on a single main branch, wherein if any branches are made, they are merged into the main branch in a matter of minutes

Question 5

Feature-based development is a development process that entails…

Answer 5

Developers work on new long-lived branches based on the needs of the project, being merged back into the main branch weeks or even months later

Question 6

An essential practice of version control is to run commit tests locally - this means…

Answer 6

We should refresh the local copy of the project before initiating a local build that runs the commit tests

Question 7

An essential practice of version control is to wait for commit tests - this means…

Answer 7

We should monitor the build progress attentively until it has completed

Question 8

An essential practice of version control is to avoid commits on a broken build - this means…

Answer 8

We should avoid committing to an already broken build

Question 9

An essential practice of version control is to never go home on a broken build - this means…

Answer 9

We should never leave a broken build broken

Question 10

An essential practice of version control is to be prepared to revert - this means…

Answer 10

We should be prepared to go back on our changes

Question 11

An essential practice of version control is to avoid commenting out tests - this means…

Answer 11

We should avoid commenting out tests so that we are sure we are testing all possible measures

Question 12

An essential practice of version control is to take responsibility for breakages - this means…

Answer 12

If you commit, and the tests you wrote pass, but others break, it is your responsibility to fix it

Question 13

The three benefits a version control system provides are…

Answer 13

The ability to step back to safety, share changes easily and to store changes somewhere safe

Question 14

Multi-repos cannot fulfil all three version control benefits by itself. To solve this, we should…

Answer 14

Have fixed, well-understood APIs and flexible, highly compatible APIs.

Question 15

Continuous Integration is the practice of…

Answer 15

Integrating new code with the rest of the application

Question 16

At the end of the continuous integration process, we always produce a…

Answer 16

Build artifact

Question 17

The delivery of a product is typically separated into four releases…

Answer 17

Alpha, beta, release candidate and release

Question 18

The delivery of a feature is typically separated into three environments…

Answer 18

Dev, staging and production

Question 19

The development environment is where…

Answer 19

The work of a single development team is put together throughout a sprint

Question 20

The staging environment is built where…

Answer 20

The work of multiple development teams is put together, and is updated at the end of a sprint

Question 21

The production environment is built where…

Answer 21

The work of multiple development teams becomes available to customers, and is updated whenever the business deems is right

Question 22

Assuming a traditional waterfall development cycle, shift-left testing is where…

Answer 22

We move testing to earlier in the cycle, reducing bugs and increasing code quality

Question 23

The hierarchy of testing is often called a test pyramid, and describes tests carried out in development, such as…

Answer 23

Unit tests, service tests and end-to-end tests

Question 24

Unit tests are run to ensure…

Answer 24

Individual functions work properly

Question 25

Service tests are run to ensure...

Answer 25

Services work properly

Question 26

End-to-end tests are run to ensure...

Answer 26

The application as a whole works properly

Question 27

Brittle tests are tests that fail...

Answer 27

Because another service fails

Question 28

Flaky tests are tests that fail...

Answer 28

Sometimes, because another service fails

Question 29

The normalisation of deviance is the notion that...

Answer 29

Over time, we become so accustomed to things being wrong that we start to accept them as normal - "oh, it's always been like that"

Question 30

Build indicators are used in testing to...

Answer 30

Display the current status of the continuous integration pipeline, showing green when successful, and red when it fails

Question 31

Integration hell is a term used to describe...

Answer 31

When development brings together the pieces of a system far too late

Question 32

We should always run commit tests locally because...

Answer 32

The deployment pipeline is a shared resource that shouldn't be blocked by easily-testable-in-local failures

Question 33

We should always fix or revert failures within 10 minutes because...

Answer 33

Any longer and we risk blocking useful progress by others

Question 34

A build sin is a term used to describe...

Answer 34

Errors in your code that someone else notices before you

Question 35

Continuous Delivery is the practice of...

Answer 35

Moving a software product from a source code repository through to the staging environment.

Question 36

One of the principles of continuous delivery is to create a repeatable process, which means...

Answer 36

To create a process that quickly becomes routine

Question 37

One of the principles of continuous delivery is to automate almost everything, which means...

Answer 37

That everything should be automated, ensuring steps are carried out correctly

Question 38

One of the principles of continuous delivery is to use version control for everything, which means...

Answer 38

That it should be possible for any team member to build any version of the application on-demand

Question 39

One of the principles of continuous delivery is 'if it hurts, do it more frequently', which means...

Answer 39

If the build is painful, do it on every commit, as with any activity, one improves with practice

Question 40

One of the principles of continuous delivery is to build quality in, which means...

Answer 40

Defects should be fixed the moment they are found, helping to reduce tech debt

Question 41

One of the principles of continuous delivery is that 'done means released', which means...

Answer 41

A feature is only considered 'done' once it is in production, meaning that things are either done, or they are not

Question 42

One of the principles of continuous delivery is that 'everyone is responsible', which means...

Answer 42

A team succeeds or fails as a team, not as individuals, to avoid infighting

Question 43

One of the principles of continuous delivery is continuous improvement, which means...

Answer 43

Teams should reflect on what has gone well or badly, and on what to improve

Question 44

A/B testing is a method of performing testing in production that entails...

Answer 44

A small percentage of customer traffic is sent to a new, working production interface, and if after a while some customers seem unhappy, all customer traffic is sent to the old interface

Question 45

Canary testing is a method of performing testing in production that entails...

Answer 45

A small percentage of traffic is sent to a new, possibly working version in production, and if customers seem unhappy, all customer traffic is sent to the old interface

Question 46

Blue/green testing is a method of performing testing in production that entails...

Answer 46

The production environment is exchanged with staging, and if after a while some customers seem unhappy, the change is reversed, otherwise it remains permanent

Question 47

Software should always be in the condition of...

Answer 47

Production-ready or releasable

Question 48

Testing should be performed...

Answer 48

All of the time, not just once software has been developed