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Anatomy 214 > Vertebra, sternum and ribs > Flashcards

Vertebra, sternum and ribs Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Spina bifida

A

Incomplete midline closure of 2 halves of neural arches

Mostly in lumbosacral region of spine – but any spinal segment (atlas to sacrum)

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2
Q

Spina bifida

2 types

A
  1. SBO (spina bifida occulta)

2. SBC (spina bifida cystica or aperta)

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3
Q

SBO (spina bifida occulta)

A

neural tissue and meningeal structures do not protrude through opening; may go *unnoticed.
On skeleton: slit between 2 halves of unfused neural arches (most commonly on sacrum).

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4
Q

SBC (spina bifida cystica or aperta)

A

meningeal structures and neural tissue protrude through defect, thus more severe type of spina bifida - can be fatal

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5
Q

Spina bifida

3 grades of severity depending on structures that protrudes through defect:

A
  1. meningocele (meninges and nerve roots protrude)
  2. myelomeningocele (spinal cord and meninges protrude)
  3. myelocele (skin and dura fail to close)
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6
Q

3 movement pairs of the spine

A
  1. Flexion vs Extension
  2. Lateral flexion (bending) vs Lateral extension
  3. Rotation
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7
Q

how many cervical vertebrae

A

7

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8
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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9
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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10
Q

how many fused sacral vertebrae make up sacrum

A

5

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11
Q

how many fused coccygeal vertebrae make up coccyx

A

4

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12
Q

5 fxns of vertebral column

A
  1. Protects spinal cord & spinal nerves
  2. Supports weight of the body
  3. Provides partly rigid & flexible axis for body
  4. Provide a pivot for head
  5. Plays NB role in posture & locomotion
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13
Q

what is it called when you have coronal plane curvature

A

scoliosis

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14
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral (coronal) curvature / rotation of vertebra

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15
Q

4 types of sagittal plane curvatures

A
  1. Cervical= Lordosis 20°- 40°
  2. Thoracic= Kyphosis 20°- 40°
  3. Lumbar = Lordosis 30°- 50°
  4. Sacral = Kyphosis
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16
Q

2 vertebral regions affected by lordosis and the degrees

A
  1. cervical (20- 40 degrees)

2. lumbar (30-50 degrees)

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17
Q

2 arches of a vertebra

A
  1. anterior arch

2. posterior arch

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18
Q

anterior arch of vertebra consists of

A
  1. vertebral body

2. anterior 1/3 of pedicles

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19
Q

posterior arch consists of

A
  1. posterior 2/3 of pedicles
  2. lamina
  3. processes
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20
Q

what is the joint called that occurs between the inferior articular process of one vertebra and the superior articular process of another

A

zygapophyseal joint (facet joint)

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21
Q

3 identifiable characteristics of cervical vertebral:

body, vertebral foramen, spine

A
  1. body= small, elongated
  2. vertebral foramen =largest, triangular
  3. spine = short, bifid
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22
Q

3 identifiable characteristics of thoracic vertebra: body, vertebral foramen, spine

A
  1. body= heart shaped, has facets for ribs
  2. vertebral foramen= smallest, circular
  3. spine = long, sloping
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23
Q

3 identifiable characteristics of lumbar vertebra:

body, vertebral foramen, spine

A
  1. body= large, kidney shaped
  2. vertebral foramen = intermediate size, triangular
  3. spine= large, broad, hatchet-shaped
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24
Q

c1 (atlas) id by 5 characteristics

A
  1. enlarged superior articular facet that articulates with skull
  2. short transverse process
  3. no body
  4. no spinous process
  5. facet for dens (inside vertebral foramen)
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25
c2 axis id by
dens/ odontoid process (only vertebra with dens)
26
which thoracic vertebra are typical
2-8
27
typical thoracic vertebrae id by 4 things
1. body=heart shaped 2. pedicles= small in diameter 3. spinous process= long, thin, downwards-pointing, overlapping 4. facets for head of ribs on side of body & on transverse processes
28
which lumbar vertebrae are typical
1-4
29
lumbar vertebrae id by 3 things
1. body=bean/kidney shaped; no facets on body 2. spinous process= short, board, horizontal 3. Articulating processes = medio-lateral oriented for articulation with adjacent vertebrae
30
intervertebral disc (IV) fxn and which vertebrae dont hve it
fxn= shock absorbing no disk between c1 and c2
31
iv disc is made of two parts
1. Annulus fibrous - surround disc 2. nucleus pulposus - semi-fluid (gelatinous) central mass of disk
32
meningocele
a severity type of SBC where meninges and nerve roots protrude
33
myelomeningocele
a severity type of SBC where spinal cord and meninges protrude
34
myelocele
a severity type of SBC where skin and dura fail to close
35
a severity type of SBC where meninges and nerve roots protrude
meningocele
36
a severity type of SBC where spinal cord and meninges protrude
myelomeningocele
37
a severity type of SBC where skin and dura fail to close
myelocele
38
dura
tough outmost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord
39
meningeal
The three membranes that enclose the vertebrate brain and spinal cord: the pia mater, arachnoid, and dura mater
40
The three membranes that enclose the vertebrate brain and spinal cord: the pia mater, arachnoid, and dura mater
meningeal
41
how many true ribs
7
42
how many false ribs
5 (2 pairs called floating ribs)
43
sternum is 3 fused bones ...
1. manubrium 2. body of sternum 3. xiphoid process
44
joint between rib and thoracic vertebra called
costo-transverse joint
45
typical ribs
3-9
46
atypical ribs
1, 2, 10, 11, 12
47
why is rib 1 atypical? (5)
- shortest - broadest - sharply curved - 1 facet - tubercle merge with angle
48
why is rib 2 atypical?
have tuberosity
49
why is rib 10 atypical?
1 facet, articulates with 1 vertebra
50
why is rib 11 atypical?(3)
- 1 facet - no neck - tubercle
51
why is rib 12 atypical? (3)
- 1 facet - shorter - no tubercle
52
joint between sternum clavicle
sternoclavicular joint
53
joint between clavicle and scapula
acromioclavicular joint
54
joint between humerus and scapula
glenohumeral joint
55
what ligament prevents hyperextention of the vertebral column
anterior longitudinal
56
what ligament prevents hyperflexion of the vertebral column
posterior longitudinal
57
ligamentum flavum are between ?
laminae of adjacent vertebrae
58
intertransverse ligaments are between
transverse processes of vertebrae
59
supraspinous ligament is from
tips of a vertebral spinous processes
60
nuchal ligament
- from external occipital protuberance to spinous processes of all cervical vertebrae. - Nuchal ligament becomes supraspinous ligament below cervical vertebra
61
-Nuchal ligament becomes [ ] below cervical vertebra
supraspinous ligament
62
interspinous ligament
connects spines of vertebra
63
vertebra are kept in place by..
ligaments
64
name 7 ligaments around the vertebrae
1. anterior longitudinal 2. posterior longitudinal 3. ligamentum flavum 4. intertransverse 5. supraspinous 6. nuchal 7. interspinous

Anatomy 214 (7 decks)

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