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musculoskeletal anatomy > vertebral column > Flashcards

vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

vertebral column includes

A

vertebrae, nerves

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2
Q

abdominal muscles can be linked by

A

fascia, tendinous bands

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3
Q

there are___ articulating and ___ fused vertebrae

A

24, 9

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4
Q

24 vertebrae

A

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar

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5
Q

fused vertebrae form

A

sacrum and coccyx

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6
Q

atlas

A

c1

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7
Q

axis

A

c2

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8
Q

thoracic spine has __ curve

A

kyphosis

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9
Q

cervical and lumbar spin have ___ curve

A

lordosis

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10
Q

purpose of curves in the spine

A

force, supporting body weight

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11
Q

hyper kyphosis of the cervical and flexion of lumbar causes ___ pelvic tilt

A

posterior

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12
Q

hyperextension of lumbar causes

A

anterior pelvic tilt

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13
Q

hyperlordotic

A

hyperextension

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14
Q

flat back

A

lumbar flexion

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15
Q

c2 through L5 have similar architecture (4)

A

body, vertebral foramen, transverse process, spinous process

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16
Q

yes motion comes from

A

axis to skull

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17
Q

“no” motion comes from

A

atlas to axis

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18
Q

c1 and c2 dont have

A

body

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19
Q

upper cervical spine

A

occiput, atlas, axis

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20
Q

middle cervical segments

A

C3-C6

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21
Q

cervicothoracic junction

A

C7-T2

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22
Q

forward head posture can place OA joint in

A

extension

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23
Q

forward head motion results in

A

tight and shortened musculature

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24
Q

which part of the spine has the least amount of motion

A

thoracic

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25
Q

thoracic 3 points of contact

A

body, two facet joints

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26
Q

lumbar spine consists of
5
10
10
6
5

A

vertebrae
nerve joints
facet joints
main ligaments
intervertebral discs

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27
Q

lordosis

A

slight extension

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28
Q

kyphosis

A

slight flexion

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29
Q

scoliosis

A

S shape

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30
Q

___ pairs of true ribs
___ pairs of false
___ pairs of floating

A

7, 5, 2

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31
Q

false ribs: 3 pairs attach indirectly to

A

sternum, cartilage

32
Q

ribs insert on

A

sternum

33
Q

sternum parts

A

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

34
Q

spinal movements are often preceded by the name given to

A

region of movement

35
Q

pelvic girdle rotates as a unit due to movement occurring in

A

hip & lumbar spine

36
Q

lateral flexion occurs where

A

t12-l1 ish

37
Q

spinal rotation occurs on the ___ plane around the ____ axis

A

transverse, longitudinal

38
Q

neck protrusion/retraction

A

forward head

39
Q

atlantooccipital joint formed by

A

occipital condyles of skull sitting on articular fossa od 1st vertebrae

40
Q

atlantooccipital joint allows for

A

nodding, flexion, extension

41
Q

atlantoaxial joint

A

C1 sitting on C2

42
Q

atlantoaxial joint allows

A

rotation

43
Q

atlantoaxial joint type

A

pivot

44
Q

there is ____ movement between any 2 vertebrae

A

minimal

45
Q

____ movement between superior and inferior articular processes of facet joints

A

gliding

46
Q

intervertebral disks: annulus fibrous

A

ring like

47
Q

intervertebral disks: nucleus pulposus

A

jelly substance, we want to stay centralized

48
Q

intervertebral disks: compressed elastic material allows ___ in all directions along with ___

A

compression, torsion

49
Q

as we age, we lose water which causes what to happen to the intervertebral disks

A

become squished, lateral foramen becomes smaller

50
Q

spinal stinosus

A

narrow canal

51
Q

intervertebral disks: comprised of the _____, ____ and ____

A

nucleus pulosus, annulus fibrosus, endplates

52
Q

intervertebral disks: nucleus is surrounded by concentric rings of cartilage(____) which are oblique for _____

A

, lamella, strength

53
Q

intervertebral disks:____ attach rings to vertebral body or endplate

A

sharpey’s fibers

54
Q

intervertebral disks: disk bulge or herniation can result from (3)

A

excessive and/or repeated flexion, compression at end range, poor/prolongued sitting posture

55
Q

intervertebral disks: herniated nucleus pulpous leads to pressure on ____

A

spinal nerve root

56
Q

signs and symptoms of herniated IV disk

A

upper extremity: arm pain, lose sensation
lower extremity: leg pain, altered sensation

57
Q

most spinal injuries occur from

A

flexion

58
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament is large for

A

resisting gravity, resist extension

59
Q

posterior ligaments resist

A

flexion

60
Q

spinal region that most movement occurs in

A

cervical

61
Q

movements of head come from

A

cervical

62
Q

trunk movements

A

combined thoracic and lumbar

63
Q

cervical region
flexes ___ degrees
extends __ degrees
laterally flexes ___ degrees
rotate approx ___ degrees

A

45
45
45
60

64
Q

lumbar spine including trunk movements
flex approx ___ degrees
extends ___ degrees
lateral flexion ___ degrees
rotation approx ___ degrees

A

80
20-30
35
45

65
Q

spinal cord ends between

A

L1 and L2

66
Q

when spinal cord ends it becomes

A

cauda equina

67
Q

C5 myotome

A

shoulder or elbow

68
Q

c6 myotome

A

wrist extensors

69
Q

c7 myotome

A

elbow extensors

70
Q

c8 myotome

A

finger flexors

71
Q

t1 myotome

A

hand intrinsics

72
Q

L2 myotome

A

hip flexors

73
Q

L3 myotome

A

knee extensors

74
Q

L4 myotome

A

ankle dorsiflexors

75
Q

L5 myotome

A

long toe extensors

76
Q

S1 myotome

A

ankle plantar flexions

musculoskeletal anatomy (13 decks)

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