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Anatomy > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Function of vertebral column

A

support weight, protect spinal cord, serve as axis and pivot, aid posture/movement

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2
Q

Number of cervical vertebrae

A

7

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3
Q

Number of thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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4
Q

Number of lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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5
Q

Number of sacral vertebrae

A

5

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6
Q

vertebral arch

A

made of paired laminae and pedicles

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7
Q

pedicles

A

join vertebral arch and body

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8
Q

laminae

A

flat plates contacting pedicles

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9
Q

vertebral foramen

A

forms vertebral canal; spinal cord runs through

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10
Q

superior and inferior vertebral notches

A

form IV (interbertebral foramina); spinal nerves and arteries exit through

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11
Q

spinous process

A

1 per vertebra; posterior

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12
Q

transverse process

A

2 per vertebra

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13
Q

articular process/zygapophysis

A

4 per vertebra, 2 superior and 2 inferior

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14
Q

cervical transverse foramina

A

convey vertebral arteries

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15
Q

cervical anterior and posterior tubercles

A

on transverse processes

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16
Q

carotid tubercle

A

anterior tubercle of C6

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17
Q

uncinate process

A

raised margins of superior border of vertebral body

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18
Q

C3-C7 vertebral foramina

A

larger due to cervical enlargement of spinal cord

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19
Q

C1 characteristics

A

articulates with occipital condyles, lacks vertebral body, groove for vertebral artery on superior surface

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20
Q

C2 characteristics

A

dens/odontoid process - former body of C1, pivot for skull

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21
Q

C7/ vertebra prominens

A

long spinous process

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22
Q

Thoracic vertebrae characteristics

A

costal facet for rib head and tubercle; spinous process - long and slender

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23
Q

Lumbar accessory process

A

posteriorly on each transverse process

attachment for intertransverse lumborum muscles

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24
Q

Lumbar mamillary process

A

attachments for multifidus and median intertransverse muscles

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25
L5
largest vertebra in column; | huge contributor to lumbosacral angle
26
lumbosacral angle
angle between lumbar and sacral vertebrae
27
Sacrum functions to
transfer body weight to pelvis and contribute to strength and stability
28
sacral canal
sacral continuation of vertebral canal
29
sacral foramina
between vertebrae; exit for sacral spinal nerves
30
sacral promontory
anterosuperior projecting edge of S1
31
median crest
fused spinous processes
32
medial crest
fused articular processes
33
lateral crest
fused transverse processes
34
sacral hiatus
gap in laminae; inferior end
35
sacral cornua (horns)
former inferior articular processes of S5
36
aricular surface
part of sacroiliac joint; connects pelvis to sacrum
37
Coccygeal
rudimentary tailbone
38
coccygeal cornua (horns)
part of Co1, articulate with sacral horns
39
Cervical curvature
anteriorly convex, secondary
40
Thoracic curvature
anteriorly concave, primary
41
Lumbar curvature
anteriorly convex, secondary
42
Sacral curvature
anteriorly concave, primary
43
Primary curvatures
present at birth, due to differences in A & P portions of vertebrae
44
Secondary curvatures
primarily develop after birth, due to differences in A & P portions of IV discs
45
Movements of vertebral column
flexion/extension, lateral bending, & rotation
46
Movement restricted by
IV discs, orientation of zygapophysial joints, articular capsules, muscles, & ligaments
47
Vertebral body joints
articulate via interposed IV discs; secondary cartilaginous joints
48
anulus fibrosus
outer portion of concentric fibrocartilaginous circles
49
nucleus pulposus
slightly posteriorly positioned gelatinous, elastic, avascular core
50
Unconvertebral joints
joints between uncinate processes of C3-C6 and superjacent body
51
Vertebral arch joints (zygapophyses)
synovial joints between superior and inferior articular processes; allow gliding between vertebrae; variable orientation limits movements
52
anterior longitudinal ligament
strong band extending across anterolateral vertebral bodies and IV discs prevent hyperextension of vertebral column, stabilizes vertebral body joints extends from sacrum to occiput & C1's anterior tubercle
53
posterior longitudinal ligament
weaker band extending along anterior aspect of vertebral canal Prevents hyperflexion of vertebral column Prevents herniation/protrusion of discs
54
ligamenta flava
broad, yellow fibrous tissue extending along posterior wall connect adjacent laminae prevents abrupt flexion of vertebral column, preventing injury to IV discs
55
interspinous ligaments
connect spinous processes
56
supraspinous ligaments
connect tips of spinous processes, extends from C7 - sacrum | merges with ligamentum nuchae
57
nuchal ligament/ ligamentum nuchae
extends from external occipital protuberance/ posterior foramen magnum to spinous processes of cervical vertebrae
58
inter-transverse ligaments
connects adjacent transverse processes
59
atlanto-occipital joint
between atlas & head | allows nodding of head (flexion/extension); lateral bending and rotation
60
atlanto-occipital membranes
extend from atlas to margins of foramen magnum | prevents excessive movement
61
Cruciate ligament
includes transverse ligament, longitudinal bands, & alar ligaments
62
transverse ligament of atlas
holds dens of C2 with arch of C1 | posterior wall of dens socket
63
longitudinal bands
extend from transverse ligament to occiput and C2 body
64
alar ligaments
extend from sides of dens to C1 & foramen magnum | limits head rotation
65
tectorial membrane
extends from C2 and through foramen magnum | superior continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament
66
atlanto-axial joint
between atlas and axis movement is primarily rotation C1 and skull rotate on C2, limited by alar ligaments
67
C1/C2 zygapophysial joints
gliding joints
68
dens and C1 articulation
pivot joint
69
Spinal arteries in neck
vertebral and ascending cervical artery
70
Spinal arteries in thorax
posterior intercostal arteries
71
Spinal arteries in abdomen
subcostal & lumbar arteries
72
Spinal arteries in pelvis
iliolumbar & lateral and medial sacral arteries
73
terminal radicular arteries
supply ventral and dorsal roots
74
medullary segmental arteries
anastomose with spinal cord's arteries

Anatomy (20 decks)

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