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Anatomy I (material for Exam II) > Vertebral column > Flashcards

Vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

How many Cervical vertebra are there

A

7

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2
Q

The cervical spine has a _____ curvature

A

Concave

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3
Q

The Thoracic spine has a ____ curvature

A

Convex

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4
Q

How many Thoracic vertebra are there

A

12

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5
Q

The lumber spine has a ____ curvature

A

Concave

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6
Q

How many lumbar vertebra are there

A

5

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7
Q

The sacrum has a ____ curvature

A

convex

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8
Q

The sacrum is composed of how many vertebra

A

5 fused vertebra

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9
Q

The coccyx is composed of how many vertebra

A

4 fused vertebra

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10
Q

The cervical and lumbar lordosis is about how many degrees

A

2 degrees

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11
Q

The thoracic and sacral kyphosis is about how many degrees

A

1 Degree

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12
Q

The supracristal plane (high points of the iliac crests) cross what spinous process

A

L4 and L4/L5 IV disc

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13
Q

Dimples on the back overly

A

posterior superior iliac spines (PSIS)

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14
Q

What are the two primary curvatures

A

Thoracic and Sacral

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15
Q

What are the two secondary curvatures

A

Cervical and lumbar

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16
Q

The body of cervical vertebra are

A

small, wider side to side

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17
Q

The spinous processes of cervical vertebra are

A

Short, bifid, projects posteriorly

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18
Q

The Transverse process of cervical vertebra have

A

foramina

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19
Q

The Vertebral foramen of the cervical vertebra are

A

Triangular shaped

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20
Q

The superior and inferior articular pocesses of the cervical vertebra are directed

A

superoposteriorly

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21
Q

What movements are allowed by the cervical vertebra

A

Flexion and extension; lateral flexion; rotation (greatest rand of motion for the entire vertebral column

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22
Q

What vertebra have the greatest range of motion for the entire vertebral column

A

The cervical

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23
Q

An extra rib (or pair of ribs) arises form the 7th cervical vertebra can result in

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome (but not always)

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24
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome

A

impingement of the large vessels and nerve (brachial plexus) in this region

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25
What are the possible causes for thoracic outlet syndrom
Extra rib or pair of ribs on C7 Fracture Clavicle extra muscle or scar tissue in the region of the scalene muscles poor posture of the neck and shoulder regions Anomalous anatomical variation involving muscles and/or vasculature
26
The body of thoracic vertebra
larger, heart-shaped, costal facets
27
The spinous process of thoracic vertebra
long and sharp, project inferiorly
28
The Vertebral foramen of thoracic vertebra
circular
29
Transverse process of thoracic vertebra
Facets for ribs (except T1 and T12 )
30
The superior and inferior articular processes of thoracic vertebra
Superior facets directed posteriorly, inferior facets directs anteriorly
31
What movements are allowed by the thoracic vertebra
rotation, lateral flexion is limited, flexion and extension are prevented
32
What vertebrae have are under the greatest amount of strain
The lumbar vertebrae
33
Why are the lumbar vertebrae under the greatest amount of strain
because they transmit wight to the pelvis
34
Body of the lumbar vertebrae
massive, kidney-shaped
35
The spinous process of the lumbar vertebrae
short and blunt, rectangular shaped, project posteriorly
36
The vertebral foramen of the lumbar vertebrae
triangular
37
The transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae
thin and tapered
38
Superior and inferior articular processes of the lumbar vertebrae
superior directed posteromedially, inferior directs anterolaterally or laterally
39
movements allowed by the thoracic vertebrae
Flexion and extension, some lateral flexion, rotation prevented
40
What is the main function of the sacrum
provides strength and stability to the pelvis
41
The sacrum houses and anchors the inferior part of the
spinal cord
42
The Cruciate ligament is composed of what
Superior longitudinal band Transverse ligament of atlas Inferior longitudinal band
43
The intervertebral joints are the joints between the
vertebral bodies
44
The intervertebral joints are primarily maintained by 3 ligamentous structures
Annulus fibrosis Anterior longitudinal ligament posterior longitudinal ligament
45
The nucleus pulposus is enclosed by the _____ plate
Cartilage
46
Flexion and extension occur primarily in the ___ region
lumbar
47
Rotation of the upper trunk occurs primarily in _____ and ____ regions
cervical and thoracic
48
Herniated discs tend to occur in the ____ region and the herniation typically occurs in the ____ and _____ directions
lumbar region. Posterior and lateral
49
Causes for thoracic region disc herniation
usually a result of war and tear; disc degeneration sudden and forceful twisting of the midback region other conditions that predispose individuals, such as an abnormal kypohsis (Scheuermann's disease)
50
Causes of Lumbar region disc herniation
Frequent bending, twisting, and improper lifting increases load on tendons that reinforce this region, as well as the intervertebral discs acute or sudden injury (a fall in which individual lands in a sitting position, for example )
51
Cervical region arterial supply
vertebral and cervical arteries
52
Thoracic region arterial supply
posterior, intercostal arteries
53
Lumbar region arterial supply
Subcostal and lumbar arteries
54
Sacral region arterial supply
iliolumbar arteries, medial and lateral sacral arteries
55
What are the 4 venous plexuses around and inside the vertebral column
Internal vertebral venous plexus External vertebral venous plexus Basivertebral veins intervertebral veins
56
abnormal or exaggerated thoracic curvature
kyphosis
57
Kypohsis can result from
developmental abnormalities, trauma, or degenerative disease
58
Abnormal or exaggerated lumbar curvature
Lordosis
59
Lordosis is associated with
congenital abnormalities, musculo-skeletal problems, degenerative disease
60
Abnormal or exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine
Scoliosis
61
Pathology of scoliosis
can be congenital, neuromuscular, or idiopathic
62
Spondylolysis
broken vertebra may be secondary to trauma or degenerative disease common cause of spondylolisthesis
63
Pars interarticularis
located between the inferior and superior articular facets, between the lamina and pedicles of vertebrae fractures at this point associated with spondyloysis Radiographic image of this region looks like a "scottie Dog", with the pars fractrue indicated by the dog's collar
64
Anterior/Ventral displacement of one vertebra on adjacent
Spondylolisthesis
65
Spondylolisthesis is a common progression from _____, can also be
spondylolysis, congenital
66
Collapse of bone of vertebral body
Compression fracture
67
Compression fracture pathology
can be caused by trauma or degenerative disease
68
What is sacralization
fusion or partial fusion of L5 to the sacrum | is congenital
69
What is osteopenia
thinning or decrease in bone mass
70
The condition of having diminished bone density making bones prone to fracture
Osteoporosis
71
What is a burst fracture
also called a jefferson fracture - lateral masses of C1 are compressed between the occipital condyles and the axis (C2), fracturing anterior and/or posterior arches of C1. - may also involve rupture of transverse ligament, resulting in dislocation
72
what are some causes of burst fractures (Jefferson fracture)
sudden forceful compression of C1 (driving accidents, roll-over car accidents, etc.)
73
Fracture of vertebral arch of cervical vertebra (hangman's fracture)
fracutre of pars interarticularis
74
What causes a hangman's fracture
hyperextension of the neck form (judicial hanging, some severe cases of acceleration/ deceleration syndrome where head and neck are hyper extended
75
Where is the most common fracture of the Dens located
at the base of the dens | along the body of the axis is less common
76
what are the causes of a Dens fracture
Horizontal blow to the head

Anatomy I (material for Exam II) (7 decks)

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