Vestibular System Flashcards by Kaitlyn LaGrow

Select all that apply: the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear contains

A. neuronal cell bodies
B. autoleaf organs
C. semicircular canal
D. 2nd order neurons

B. autoleaf organs
C. semicircular canal

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The role of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear is to

A. keep eyes still during head movement
B. coordinate head and body musculature for reflexes & posture
C. maintain conscious perception of movement and spatial orientation
D. transduce fluid movement into neural signals

D. transduce fluid movement into neural signals

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The role of the vestibulo-ocular network is to…

A. keep eyes still during head movement

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The role of the vestibulospinal network is

B. coordinate head and body musculature for reflexes and posture

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The role of the vestibulothalamocortical network is…

C. maintain conscious perception of movement and spatial orientation

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The vestibular nerve projects to the _______, which is the location of 2nd order neurons

The vestibular nuclei

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What are the primary afferents of the vestibular system?

Bipolar cells

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The 3 translational movements are along which axes?

along the X, Y, and Z axis

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Translational movement along the X axis is…

A. side to side
B. up and down
C. forward and backward

C. forward and backward

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Translational movement along the Y axis is…

A. side to side
B. up and down
C. forward and backward

A. side to side

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Translational movement along the Z axis is…

A. side to side
B. up and down
C. forward and backward

B. up and down

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What are the 3 rotational movements?

Roll (X), Pitch (Y), and Yaw (Z)

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What is an example of a rotational movement around the X (roll) axis

A. shaking head yes
B. side to side tilting (lateral flexion of head)
C. shaking head no

B. side to side tilting (lateral flexion)

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What is an example of a rotational movement around the Y (pitch) axis

A. shaking head yes
B. side to side tilting (lateral flexion of head)
C. shaking head no

A. shaking head yes

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What is an example of a rotational movement around the Z (yaw) axis

A. shaking head yes
B. side to side tilting (lateral flexion of head)
C. shaking head no

C. shaking head no

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What are the three semicircular canals?

anterior, posterior, horizontal

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The semicircular canals are attached to the _____

central vestibule

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In the semicircular ducts, the _____ contains hair cells

ampulle

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What are the otoloth organs?

The utricle and saccule

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In the otolith organs, the ______ contains hair cells

Maculae

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Select all that apply: the superior vestibular nerve innervates the…

A. posterior canal
B. horizontal canal
C. anterior canal
D. saccule
E. utricle

B. horizontal canal
C. anterior canal
E. utricle

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Select all that apply: the inferior vestibular nerve innervates the…

A. posterior canal
B. horizontal canal
C. anterior canal
D. saccule
E. utricle

A. posterior canal
D. saccule

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T/F: The semicircular canals and otolith organs compliment each other by forming functional units.

True

these functional units sense specific changes in head and body position

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The semicircular canals transduce _____ movements

A. rotational
B. linear

A. rotational

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The otolith organs transduce _____ movements A. rotational B. linear

B. linear (or the orientation of the head relative to gravity

Select all that apply: the ampulla is the location of which structures? A. otolith membrane B. crista C. cupula D. otoconia E. striola

B. crista C. cupula

Movement of the endolymph causes displacement of the ____, which bends the sterocillia. A. crista B. cupula

B. cupula

Select all that apply: the macula is the location of which structures? A. otolith membrane B. crista C. cupula D. otoconia E. striola

A. otolith membrane D. otoconia E. striola

What is a depression in the otolith membrane, where some hair cells are polarized? A. crist B. cupula D. otoconia E. striola

D. striola

Bending of the steocilia towards the tallest will result in ______ and _______ of the primary afferent A. depolarization; inhibition B. depolarization; excitation C. hyperpolarization, inhibition D. hyperpolarization; excitation

B. depolarization; excitation

Bending of the steocilia away from the tallest will result in ______ and _______ of the primary afferent A. depolarization; inhibition B. depolarization; excitation C. hyperpolarization, inhibition D. hyperpolarization; excitation

C. hyperpolarization; inhibition

The semicircular canals allow is to sense ______ and _______ of movement

Direction and magnitude

The horizontal canals detect movement around the _____ axis A. X axis (roll) B. Y axis (pitch) C. Z axis (yaw)

C. Z axis (yaw)

The anterior and posterior canals detect movement around the ______ and _____ axis A. X axis (roll) B. Y axis (pitch) C. Z axis (yaw)

X and Y axis

A head turn to the L causes _____ of the left semicircular canals and ______ of the right semicircular canals A. excitation; inhibition B. inhibition; excitation

A: excitation; inhibition *excitation of the canal on the same side as the head turn, and inhibition in the opposite*

Movement direction is encoded via a ______

Macular map

When sterocilia of the hair cells are deflected TOWARDS the tallest, the hair cell will _______ A. hyperpolarize B. depolarize

B. depolarize

When sterocilia of the hair cells are deflected AWAY from the tallest, the hair cell will _______ A. hyperpolarize B. depolarize

A. hyperpolarize

The rotary vestibulo-occular reflexes compensate for rotational movements and depend on _________ A. the semicircular canals B. the otolith organs

The semicircular canals

The translational vestibulo-ocular reflexes compenstae for translational movement and depend on the ________ A. the semiciruclar canals B. the otolith organs

B. the otolith organs

When we move our head to the right, our eyes move to the left. To move our eyes to the left, we must activate which muscles?

Activate the R medial rectus and the L lateral rectus

To move out head to the left, our eyes move to the right. To move our eyes to the left, we must activate which muscles?

R lateral rectus and the L medial rectus

A timing signal is located in the _______ to compensate for time delays of occulomotor innervation

Abducens nucleus

Head tilting side to side (lateral flexion) causes torsional movements of the eye in the ________ direction

opposite

T/F vestibular-ocular reflexes can be suppressed by higher centers

True... but at some times we DONT want this (i.e trying to follow a moving target with your eyes)

What are primitive reflexes?

reflexes exhibited by typically developing infants in response to stimuli

What are the three integrated postural responses?

righting, equilibrium, and protective reactions

What is a righting reaction? A. complex changes in posture or movement designed to restore disturbed balance B. reflex designed to maintain correct orientation of the head and body with respect to vertical C. reflex designed to protect body and involve extension movements in the extremities in the same direction of the opposing force

B. reflex designed to maintain correct orientation of the head and body with respect to vertical

What is a equilibrium reaction? A. complex changes in posture or movement designed to restore disturbed balance B. reflex designed to maintain correct orientation of the head and body with respect to vertical C. reflex designed to protect body and involve extension movements in the extremities in the same direction of the opposing force

A. complex changes in posture or movement designed to restore disturbed balance

What is a protective reaction? A. complex changes in posture or movement designed to restore disturbed balance B. reflex designed to maintain correct orientation of the head and body with respect to vertical C. reflex designed to protect body and involve extension movements in the extremities in the same direction of the opposing force

C. reflex designed to protect body and involve extension movements in the extremities in the same direction of the opposing force

What are the two descending pathways of the vestibulospinal network?

The medial and lateral vestibulospinal tract

The medial vestibulospinal tract is important for.... A. initating head and neck responses B.initates body responses

A. initiating head and neck responses

The lateral vestibulospinal tract is important for.... A. initiating head and neck responses B. initiates body responses

B. initiates body responses - allow us to maintain balance

The LVST will originate on the

lateral and inferior vestibular nuclei

The LSVT will project ______ on cervical-lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord A. contralaterally B. ipsilaterally

ipsilaterally

The MVST will originate in the

medial vestibular nuclei

The MVST will project ______ on motor neurons of the cervical spinal cord A. contralaterally B. ipsilaterally C. bilaterally

C. bilaterally

LVST neurons send ______ signals to extensor muscles and ______ signals to the flexor muscles

Excitatory; inhibitory * strong excitatory effect on extensor muscles *

MVST carry ______ signals that result in head/neck movements opposite the perturbation

excitatory and inhibitory

If your head is falling forward, the MSVT will send _______ signals to the extensors and ______ signals to the flexors to prevent this motion

Excitatory; inhibitory

Subjective vertigo is A. specific perception of body motion; spinning/turning that is experienced when no real motion is taking place B. specific perception of objects spinning or moving while patient is not moving C. periods of subjective vertigo that coincides with particular changes in body position

A. specific perception of body motion; spinning/turning that is experienced when no real motion is taking place

Objective vertigo is A. specific perception of body motion; spinning/turning that is experienced when no real motion is taking place B. specific perception of objects spinning or moving while patient is not moving C. periods of subjective vertigo that coincides with particular changes in body position

B. specific perception of objects spinning or moving while patient is not moving

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is A. specific perception of body motion; spinning/turning that is experienced when no real motion is taking place B. specific perception of objects spinning or moving while patient is not moving C. periods of subjective vertigo that coincides with particular changes in body position

C. periods of subjective vertigo that coincides with particular changes in body position *most common form of vertigo*

What is Nystagmus?

rhythmic oscillating motions of the eyes

Meniere's Disease is...

disorder of the inner ear that leads to hearing loss, feeling of fullness in the ear, tinnirus (ringing) and vestibular dysfunction

Vestibular Schwannoma is a

Tumor developing from Schwann cells that increase pressure in the internal acoustic meatus and compression of CN VII and VIII

Blood supply to the vestibular apparatus, nerve, and nuclei are branches of the...

anterior and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

Vestibular System Flashcards

(67 cards)