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NBB1 > Vestibular System > Flashcards

Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the tasks of the vestibular system? (2)

A

1 Which was is up?

2 Where am I going?

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2
Q

What is the dynamic function of the vestibular system?

A

Sensing movement through space

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3
Q

What is the static function of the vestibular system?

A

Sensing head position

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4
Q

What two types of acceleration can the vestibular system detect?

A

Angular/rotational

Linear

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5
Q

What is the function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

A

Keep the eyes still when the head moves

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6
Q

What is the function of the vestibulospinal reflex?

A

Enable the skeletomotor system to compensate for head movements

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7
Q

What are symptoms of disease of vestibular system?

A 
Vertigo
Nausea/vomiting/perspiration
Difficulty walking
Spinning
Nystagmus: horizontal eye mvmt
Oscillopsia: spinning world/room
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8
Q

Which fluid, endolymph or perilymph, is rich in K+?

A

Endolymph

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9
Q

What happens when volumes of endolymph or perilymph get too large?

A

Vestibular and auditory symptoms

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10
Q

What is Meniere’s Disease?

A

excessive endolymph production in the inner ear

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11
Q

How do we treat Meniere’s disease?

A

Shunts to drain, steroids

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12
Q

How does a labyrinthine infarction occur?

A

Thrombotic narrowing of AICA or basilar artery

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13
Q

What is a labyrinthine infarction associated with?

A

infarction of the brainstem/cerebellum

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14
Q

What do the semicircular canals detect?

A

Angular acceleration

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15
Q

What do the otolithic organs detect?

A 
linear acceleration (dynamic)
position of the head (static)
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16
Q

How do the semicircular canals work in pairs?

A

Horizontal together

Superior/Posterior together

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17
Q

What does the ampulla contain?

A

ampullary crest: thickened epithelium of hair cells

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18
Q

What is the cupula?

A

a gelatinous mass that covers the ampullary crest, weighs it down!

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19
Q

What is the function of the ampulla?

A

To detect angular acceleration

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20
Q

How are hair cells organized?

A

All kinociliums face the same direction

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21
Q

What happens when the stereocilia move away vs. toward the kinocilium?

A

Toward: depol
Away: hyperpol

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22
Q

What is the function of the utricle?

A

Detect movement in the horizontal plane

23
Q

What is the macula of the utricle?

A

thickened epithelium oriented in the horiz. plane containing hair cells

24
Q

What special item is embedded in the macula? What is their function?

A

Calcium carbonate crystals that bend the stereocilia

25
Q

What does the utricle/macula respond best to?

A

Linear acceleration

26
Q

What is the macula of the saccule?

A

Thickened epithelium oriented in the vertical plane

27
Q

What does the saccule/macula respond best to?

A

linear acceleration in vertical plane

28
Q

How are hair cells oriented in the utricle?

A

Hair cells polarized to the striola

29
Q

What determines hair cell activation in the utricle?

A

Pattern of neuronal activity, not a given head position

30
Q

What are the otolithic organs responsible for?

A

Head position

Linear acceleration

31
Q

How are hair cells oriented in the saccule?

A

Hair cells polarized AWAY from the striola

32
Q

What is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?

A

Otoconia (Ca carbonate crystals) detach from otolithic membrane of utricle and get stuck in semicicular canal.
May disrupt fluid flow and cause vertigo

33
Q

What is the function of the lateral vestibular nucleus?

A

control posture and vestibulospinal reflexes

34
Q

What is the function of the medial and superior vestibular nuclei?

A

Vestibulo-ocular reflexes

Vestibulo-cervical reflexes

35
Q

What is the the function of the inferior vestibular nucleus?

A

Integration of inputs from the vestibular labyrinth and the cerebellum

36
Q

How do the vestibular system and the cerebellum interact?

A

Afferents travel Via the flocculonodular lobe to the cerebellum to help with cerebellar control of posture

37
Q

What is the function of the lateral vestibulospinal tract?

A

Principal pathway by which otolithic organs can regulate bodies extensor organs

38
Q

How does the lateral vestibulospinal tract project?

A

Ipsilaterally

39
Q

What is the function of the medial vestibulospinal tract?

A

Determine head position relative to the body

40
Q

How does the vestibulospinal tract innervate?

A

Bilaterally

41
Q

What is a tumor of VIII called?

A

Schwannoma

42
Q

What nerves can a Schwannoma compress?

A

VIII (where it grows)
VII
V

43
Q

How is a Schwannoma treated?

A

Surgical removal

44
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

Involuntary rhythmic movement of the eyes - rapid movement in one direction, slow movement in the other

45
Q

How is nystagmus named?

A

For the fast component = the opposite side of the damage

46
Q

What 3 tests can we use to test for nystagmus?

A

Optokinetic effect
Rotation test
Caloric Test

47
Q

How do we visualize optokinetic effects?

A

Look at lines - fast component is in opposite direction of moving lines

48
Q

What is the rotation test?

A

Spin someone around in a chair - if their eyes are moving in the opposite of the direction of the spin, it is nystagmus

49
Q

What is the caloric test?

A

Irrigate external auditory meatus with warm or cold water to set up convection currents + displace ampulla.

50
Q

What is nystagmus with the caloric test?

A

Toward warm water, away from cold (COWS)

51
Q

Who does not respond to caloric stimulation? What is this called?

A

Dysfunctional labyrinth of nerve, canal paresis

52
Q

What test to use when a patient has canal paresis?

A

Close eyes, patient drifts to the side of dysfunctional apparatus/nerve

53
Q

What is gaze nystagmus?

A

Have patient gaze no more than 30 degrees from front. If there is a problem, nystagmus is CONTRALATERAL to dysfunctional side

NBB1 (16 decks)

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