Veterinary Terminology: Blood and Lymphatics

Question 1

blood contains

Answer 1

proteins
white blood cells
antibodies
platelets 
red blood cells
plasma
glucose 
and many more required substances

Question 2

plasma

Answer 2

clear straw-colored liquid

Question 3

erythrocytes

Answer 3

red blood cells

Question 4

leukocytes

Answer 4

white blood cells

Question 5

thrombocytes

Answer 5

platelets

clotting cells

Question 6

blood cells originate from..

Answer 6

marrow cavity of bones

Question 7

red blood cells

Answer 7

carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 8

white blood cells

Answer 8

fight infection

Question 9

hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 9

blood forming cells that red and white blood cells arise from

Question 10

erythroblast

Answer 10

immature erythrocyte

Question 11

shape and reason for, of red blood cells

Answer 11

biconcave

to increase surface area so that the absorption and release of gases can take place

Question 12

hemoglobin

Answer 12

composed of iron and protein

enables the erythrocyte to carry oxygen

Question 13

oxyhemoglobin

Answer 13

the combination of oxygen and hemoglobin

produces the bright red color of blood

Question 14

erythropoietin

Answer 14

hormone secreted by the kidney that stimulates the production of erythrocytes

Question 15

hemolysis

Answer 15

macrophages destroy worn-out erythrocytes

Question 16

bilirubin

Answer 16

yellow/orange pigment that created from heme releasing iron and decomposing during hemolysis
is excreted into the bile by the liver and then excreted in the stool

Question 17

five different types of mature leukocytes fall in these two types

Answer 17

polymorphonuclear granulocytic leukocytes

mononuclear agranulocytic

Question 18

polymorphonuclear granulocytic leukocytes

Answer 18

basophil
neutrophil
eosinophil

Question 19

mononuclear agranulocytic leukocytes

Answer 19

monocyte

lymphocyte

Question 20

granulocytes (PMNs)

Answer 20

the most numerous leukocytes

Question 21

basophils

Answer 21

contain dark-staining granules that stain with a basic dye

granules contain heparin and histamine

Question 22

heparin

Answer 22

anti-clotting substance

Question 23

histamine

Answer 23

a chemical released in allergic response

Question 24

eosinophils

Answer 24

contain granules that stain with eosin, a red acidic dye

they increase in allergic responses and engulf substances that trigger the allergies

Question 25

neutrophils

Answer 25

contain granules that are neutral. they do not stain intensely with either acidic or basic dye are phagocytes that accumulate at sites of infection, where they ingest and destroy bacteria

Question 26

colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)

Answer 26

specific proteins that promote the growth of granulocytes in bone marrow

Question 27

polymorphonuclear

Answer 27

they have multi-lobed nuclei

Question 28

mononuclear

Answer 28

containing one large nucleus

Question 29

lymphocytes

Answer 29

are made in the bone marrow and lymph nodes and circulate both in the bloodstream and in the parallel circulating system, the lymphatic system play an important role in the immune response that protects the body against infection they can directly attack foreign matter and in addition make antibodies, which neutralize and can lead to the destruction of foreign antigens

Question 30

monocytes

Answer 30

are phagocytic cells that also fight disease move from bloodstream into tissues (as macrophage) and dispose of dead and dying cells and other tissue debris by phagocytosis

Question 31

platelets | thrombocytes

Answer 31

are formed in red bone marrow from megakaryocytes | the main function is to help blood to clot

Question 32

megokaryocytes

Answer 32

giant cells with multi-lobed nuclei | breaks off tiny fragments to form platelets

Question 33

plasma

Answer 33

the liquid part of blood that consists of water, dissolved proteins, sugar, wastes, salts, hormones,and other substances

Question 34

four major plasma proteins

Answer 34

albumin globulins fibrinogen prothrombin

Question 35

albumin

Answer 35

maintains the proper proportion (and concentration) of water in the blood

Question 36

edema

Answer 36

swelling results when too much fluid from the blood "leaks" out into the tissues mild form from too much salt, to severe from fire burns

Question 37

globulins

Answer 37

there are alpha, beta, and gamma | gamma are immunoglobulins

Question 38

immunoglobulins

Answer 38

are antibodies that bind to and sometimes destroy antigens

Question 39

antigens

Answer 39

foreign substances

Question 40

examples of immunoglobulins

Answer 40

``` IgG IgA IgM IgD IgE ```

Question 41

electrophoresis

Answer 41

separates immunoglobulins from other plasma proteins an electrical current passes through a solution of plasma, the different proteins in plasma separate as they migrate at different speeds to the source of the electricity

Question 42

whole blood

Answer 42

cells and plasma

Question 43

transfusions of whole blood

Answer 43

are used to replace blood lost after injury, during surgery, or in sever shock.

Question 44

packed red cells

Answer 44

whole blood with most of the plasma removed | pRBC

Question 45

blood types

Answer 45

has a specific combination of factors (antigens and antibodies) inherited acquired by 6 months of age

Question 46

hemolysis

Answer 46

breakdown of red blood cells | may occur by transfusing with wrong blood type

Question 47

blood clotting | coagulation

Answer 47

a complicated process involving many different substances and chemical reactions final result is the formation of a fibrin clot from the plasma protein fibrinogen

Question 48

platelets in blood clotting

Answer 48

clump, or aggregate, at the site of injury

Question 49

fibrin threads

Answer 49

form a clot by trapping red blood cells

Question 50

serum

Answer 50

clear fluid left by a clot after it tightens

Question 51

thrombi

Answer 51

clots | do not form in blood vessels unless the vessel is damaged or the flow of blood is impeded

Question 52

emboli

Answer 52

floating clots

Question 53

heparin

Answer 53

produced by tissue cells (especially the liver) | anticoagulant

Question 54

anemia

Answer 54

deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

Question 55

aplastic anemia

Answer 55

failure of blood cell production due to aplasia of bone marrow cells the cause of most case is unknown (idiopathic)

Question 56

aplasia

Answer 56

absence of development, formation

Question 57

pancytopenia

Answer 57

occurs when stem cells fail to produce leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes

Question 58

the primary function of blood

Answer 58

to maintain a constant environment for the other living tissues of the body transports nutrients, gases, and wastes to and from the cells of the body