Victimology and punishment Flashcards
(14 cards)
what is positivist victimilogy ?
identifiying factors of being victim. identifies people causing own victimisation
Victim proneness: characteristic of victims , E.G elderly - defenseless
victim precipitation :26% homicides of 588 wolfgang victim triggered murder
what is critical victimology ?
conflict theory . looks at structural factors : patriarchy causes victimisation
states power to deny or apply label :
tombs and white - safety crimes blamed on “accident prone workers “
A03: Amir for positivist victimology
Amirs view 1 in 5 rapes are precipitated is victim blaming
A03: critical victimology
does not explain why victimisation occurs in first place E,G their own offending
what is the impact of victimisation ?
crime can have physical and mental impact on victims . hate crimes may cause waves of hate that intimidate whole communities.
Punishment : what is its purpose according to durkheim?
upholding social solidarity and reinforce shared values
- boundary maintenance
-social solidarity
traditional society - retributive (A03: not always)
modern - restitutive
what is the marxist function of punishment
RSA maintaining existing social order - preventing RC harm
Thompson 18th century- hanging is rule of terror by landed aristocracy against thievery
A03: marxism
punishment as social solidarity
Who comes up with surveillance ?
Focault
what does focault say ?
surveillance has disciplinary power - EG Cctv controls minds as well as bodies
panopticon demonstrates this -people have to self survey, don’t know if they’re watched but they might be . takes over instead of physical punishment
A03 Focault -
exaggerates control - resistance still occurs whilst being watched e.g in prisons
Trends in punishment :
more mass incarceration (garland)
1993 and 2005 number of prisoners grew by 70%
more populist punitiveness - tougher sentences and more for consistent petty crimes - focuses on rehabilitation
A03: more incarceration
can lead to labelling and secondary deviance
