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Hemolymphatics > Viral & Bacterial Pathogens of the Haemolymph System > Flashcards

Viral & Bacterial Pathogens of the Haemolymph System Flashcards

1
Q

Hemolytic anemia is the…

A

most common infectious anemia

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2
Q

Hemorrhagic anemia may be caused by…

A

blood-sucking parasites

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3
Q

Decreased production of RBC causing anemia is usually due to

A

a chronic infection

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4
Q

What are the 4 main causes of hemolytic anemia in cattle?

A
  • Babesiosis
  • Bacillary hemoglobinuria
  • Leptospirosis
  • Anaplasmosis
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5
Q

Inadequate production of RBC causing anemia in cattle may be due to…

A

Chronic BVDV
Johne’s Dz
Chronic infections like enzootic bovine leukosis

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6
Q

What common pathogen causes anemia in sheep?

A

Mycoplasma ovis

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7
Q

What diseases cause anemia in pigs?

A
  • Leptospirosis
  • Mycoplasma suis
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8
Q

What diseases cause anemia in horses? Are they bacterial, viral, or both?

A
  • EIA (viral)
  • Equine ehrlichiosis (bacterial)
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9
Q

What organisms cause anemia in dogs?

A
  • Mycoplasma hemocanis
  • Ehrlichia canis
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10
Q

What diseases cause anemia in felines?

A
  • FIA
  • FeLV
  • FIV
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11
Q

What pathogens cause anemia in poultry?

A
  • Chick Anemia Virus
  • Aegyptianella pullorus
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12
Q

How do you diagnose infectious causes of anemia?

A
  • find agent by PCR or immunofluorescence
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13
Q

How do you control infectious causes of anemia?

A
  • Vx for some
  • Txt for some
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14
Q

What organisms cause FIA?

A
  • Mycoplasma hemofelis
  • Possible (M. hemominutum, M. turicensis)
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15
Q

How is FIA transmitted?

A
  • Biting arthropods
  • young toms biting, fighting
  • intrauterine/colostrum
  • blood transfusion
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16
Q

What clinical signs might you see in acute FIA?

A

fever, jaundice, anemia, splenomegaly

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17
Q

What clinical signs might you see in chronic FIA?

A

weakness, emaciation, anemia

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18
Q

Concurrent infections of what diseases may occur w/ FIA?

A

FeLV or FIV infections

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19
Q

FIA cats are considered…. after they recover.

A

Long-term carriers

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20
Q

How would you diagnose FIA?

A
  • serial blood smears (insensitive)
  • PCR
  • Hematology (regen. anemia)
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21
Q

How would you control FIA?

A
  • choose blood donors carefully
  • treat w/ antibiotics
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22
Q

What organism causes bacillary hemoglobinuria?

A

Clostridium hemolyticum

23
Q

how would you diagnose Bacillary hemoglobinuria?

A
  • Liver impression smear on PME w/ FA staining
  • PCR
24
Q

Coagulopathy due to hemorrhagic anemia can lead to what two conditions?

A
  • DIC
  • Thrombocytopenia
25
Q

Overwhelming viral and bacterial infections can lead to what aspects of DIC?

A

endotoxemia, vasculitis

26
Q

What conditions in cattle might develop hemorrhagic anemia?

A
  • posterior vena caval thrombosis
  • Mycotoxins
  • Heartwater
  • Anthrax
27
Q

What conditions in sheep might develop hemorrhagic anemia?

A
  • Bacillary hemoglobinuria
  • Bluetongue
  • Anthrax
28
Q

What conditions in horses might develop hemorrhagic anemia?

A

Mycotoxins
EVA
EIA
African horse sickness
E. Equi/Anaplasma phagocytophilum

29
Q

What conditions in the dog might develop hemorrhagic anemia?

A

Lepto
infectious canine hepatitis
canine monocytic ehrlichiosis
Canine cyclic thrombocytopenia
Rocky mountain spotted fever

30
Q

What diseases cause splenomegaly in ruminants?

A
  • Salmonellosis
  • Lymphosarcoma
  • Anthrax
  • Anaplasmosis
31
Q

What diseases cause splenomegaly in pigs?

A
  • Salmonellosis
  • African Swine fever
  • Eperythrozoon suis
32
Q

What infectious diseases cause splenomegaly in horses?

A
  • Salmonellosis
  • EIA
33
Q

What diseases cause splenomegaly in the cat?

A
  • Lymphosarcoma
34
Q

What is lymphadenitis?

A

inflammation of the LN

35
Q

What is lymphangitis?

A

inflammation of lymphatic vessels

36
Q

What is lymphadenopathy?

A

swelling of LNs

37
Q

What conditions in cattle might cause lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, &/or lymphadenopathy?

A

Cutaneous actinobacillosis
TB
Enzootic bovine leukosis

38
Q

What conditions in sheep and goats might cause lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, &/or lymphadenopathy?

A

Caseous lymphadenitis
Tick pyemia
Tularemia

39
Q

What conditions in horses might cause lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, &/or lymphadenopathy?

A

Strangles
Tularemia
Strep spp.
Sporotrichosis
Farcy
Ulcerative lymphangitis
Epizootic lymphangitis

40
Q

What conditions in cats might cause lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, &/or lymphadenopathy?

A

Feline leukemia
Feline plague
Tularemia

41
Q

What is the mechanism for leukopenia?

A
  • direct damage to circulating leukocytes
  • effects on production in the bone marrow, LN, Thymus
42
Q

What organism causes tick-borne fever in ruminants?

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

43
Q

What is the vector for tick-borne fever in ruminants?

A

Ixodes sp.

44
Q

What organisms cause tick-borne fever in horses?

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia equi

45
Q

Which occurs in canine parvovirus: leukopenia or neutrophilia?

A

Leukopenia

46
Q

What tissues are affected in feline panleukopenia?

A
  • Bone marrow
  • thymus
  • lymphoid tissue
47
Q

What disease may cause leukosis/lymphoproliferative disease in cattle?

A
  • Enzootic bovine leukosis
48
Q

What disease(s) might cause feline leukosis or lymphoproliferative diseases?

A

Feline leukemia/sarcoma virus

49
Q

What disease(s) might cause leukosis or lymphoproliferative diseases in poultry?

A

Avian leukosis
Marek’s

50
Q

What are the 4 subgroups of feline leukemia?

A
  • FeLV-A: natural transmission, replication competent
  • FeLV-B: recombination
  • FeLV-C: maturation
  • FeLV-T: genetic insertion causing change to envelope protein
51
Q

What are non-neoplastic clinical signs of FeLV?

A

Immunosuppression
Anemia
Enteritis
Reproductive failure

52
Q

What are neoplastic clinical signs of FeLV?

A

lymphoid/lymphosarcoma
myeloid
thymic lymphoma

53
Q

Name 2 fungi that are pathogens of the hemolymphatic system?

A

Sporothrix schenkii
Histoplasma farciminosum

Hemolymphatics (21 decks)

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