Viro Exam 2 Flashcards
(116 cards)
How does PCR work?
Denaturation -> annealing -> extension/elongation
What is real-time polymerase chain rxn?
Real-time PCR or quantitative PCR is an advanced form of PCR that allows monitoring and quantification of increasing accumulation of PCR products/nucleic acid load as the reaction progress . Useful to study virus load in patient
T/F Genome sequencing is DNA sequencing that refers to the process by which the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule is elucidated/can be obtained and read.
True
T/F next generation sequencing is much more expensive, quicker, needs significantly less DNA, has high throughput, and is more accurate and reliable than Sanger sequencing?
False- why?
next generation sequencing is much more cheaper, quicker, needs significantly less DNA, has high throughput, and is more accurate and reliable than Sanger sequencing?
Define Metagenomics
Metagenomics is the study of the collective set of microbial populations in a sample by analyzing the sample’s entire nucleotide sequence content, and is a powerful method for random detection of existing and new pathogens.
What is phylogenetic analysis
The use of virus genome sequence data to study evolution of viruses and genetic relationships among viruses
Acyclovir is used to treat what virus
Herpes
Acyclovir is a synthetic what?
Nucleoside analog of deoxyguanosine
T/F Acyclovir is toxic to the uninfected host cell?
False- is non-toxic to the uninfected host cell
Amantadine inhibits what
inhibits replication of most strains of influenza A viruses by blocking uncoating of the virus.
M2 ion channel is the target of what antiviral drug
Amantadine
What happens in the presence of Amantadine
Viral RNA’s remain bound to M1 and cannot enter the nucleus. Virus replication is inhibited.
What drug is a a neuraminidase inhibitor
Oseltamivir (tamiflu)
What is a neuraminidase inhibitor
Inhibitors of neuraminidase [NA] enzymes synthesized by influenza A and B viruses
Which drugs are nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
AZT (Azidothymidine) + ZDV (Zidovudine)
Which drug has been shown to reduce clinical sign s in FIV positive cats when admin at dose of 10mg/kg 2x daily- SQ for a period of 3 weeks.
AZT (azidothymidine)
What is required to cleave the HIV polyproteins into functional proteins
Proteases
Which vaccination has subunit ‘marker vaccines’
DIVE (differentiating infected from vax animals)
When do you isolate an animal/person
when they are known to be clinically ill with a contagious disease
When do you quarantine a animal?
when they have been exposed to a contagious disease .
Define decontamination
used to describe a process of treatment that renders a medical device, instrument or environmental surface to handle.
Define Sterilization
a process that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life/pathogens, including highly resistant pathogens such as bacteria with spores
Define disinfection
a process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms, except bacterial spores on inanimate objects
T/F Disinfection is less effective than sterilization
True
