✅Virology Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
All helical viruses are ______
A
Enveloped
2
Q
All enveloped viruses acquire their envelope from the plasma membrane except ______ (nuclear membrane)
A
Herpesvirus
3
Q
Paradox of the envelope
A
Enveloped viruses are less stable and easily inactivated
4
Q
Mnemonic for naked viruses
A
Naked during CPR AND PAPP Smear
Rna viruses
Calici
Picorna
Reo
Dna viruses
Polyoma
Papilloma
Adeno
Parvo
5
Q
Single stranded dna virus
A
Parvovirus
6
Q
Double stranded RNA virus
A
Reovirus
7
Q
All viruses are haploid except
A
Retroviruses
8
Q
Viruses contain either DNA and RNA except
A
Mimivirus (contains both)
9
Q
Genomes of rna viruseses can either be
A
Negative sense or positive sense
10
Q
Mnemonic
Viruses with segmented genomes
A
BOAR
Bunyaviruses
Orthomyxo (influenza)
Arenavirus
Reovirus
11
Q
Mnemonic
Negative strand RNA virus
A
Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Arena Bunya Paramyxo Orthomyxo Filo Rhabdo
12
Q
Viral genetics
____ causes epidemics. Cite an example
A
Genetic reassortment
Influenza
13
Q
One virus produces a protein that can be used by another virus
A
Complementation
Ex. Hep B and D
14
Q
Phenotypic mixing happens when
A
2 different viruses infect the same cell
15
Q
Viral growth curve phases
A
6 phases (with phase 0)
Phase 0 - entry Phase 1 - decline 2 - eclipse 3 - rise 4 - latent 5 - cytopathic effect
16
Q
Viral virulence factors
A
Cytokine decoys
Virokones - dec expression of APCs and inactivate complement
Antigenic variants
17
Q
Gold standard in viral diagnosis
A
Presence of viral DNA or RNA
Ex PCR
18
Q
Only live attenuated vaccine that may be given to HIV patients
A
MMR
19
Q
Mnemonic: Live attenuated vaccines
A
Yellow chickens being vaccinated with sabin’s and mmr
Yellow fever
Chicken pox VZV
sabin polio
MMR
20
Q
Killed polio vaccine mnemonic
A
salK = Killed
21
Q
Killed vaccines mnemonic
A
RIP Always
Rabies
Influenza
Polio (Salk)
Hep A
22
Q
Mnemonic DNAviruses
A
DNA viruses are HHAPPPPy viruses
Hepadna Herpes Adeno Pox Parvo Polyoma Papilloma
23
Q
Only virus with fiber
A
Adenovirus
24
Q
What do you call the fiber in adenovirus
A
Penton fiber
25
HPV infects squamous cells and induce formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles called
Koilocytes
26
Genes of HPV that encode proteins that inactivate tumor suppressor genes
Genes E6 and E7
27
The polyomaviruses only cause disease in the _____ hosts
Immunocompromised
28
HPV subtypes causing skin and plantar warts
HPV 1-4
29
HPV subtypes causing genital warts (condyloma acuminata)
HPV 6 and 11
30
HPV subtypes causing cervix, penis, anus carcinoma
HPV 16, 18, 31, 33
31
Treatment for genital warts
Podophyllin
32
Treatment for skin warts
Liquid nitrogen
33
Treatment for plantar warts
Salicylic acid
34
Polyoma virus that cause hemorrhagic cystitis and nephropathy
BK polyoma virus
35
Polyoma virus that causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with aids
JC polyoma virus
36
Mnemonics Herpesviruses
Get Herpes on a CHEVrolet
CMV
HSV
EBV
VZV
37
Site of latency of HSV-1 and 2
Hsv 1 - trigeminl ganglia
| Hsv 2 lumbosacral ganglia
38
Multinucleated giant cells are seen on Tzanck smear in HSV
Cowdry type A
39
Encephalitis in HSV-1 vs japanese B encephalitis
Hsv-1 temporal lobe enceph
| Jap B enceph- thalamic enceph
40
Hsv 1 on the fingers
Herpetic whitlow
41
Hsv on the trunk
Herpes gladiatorum
42
DOC for HSV
Acyclovir
43
Treatment for VZV
Acyclovir
44
Uses of aspirin in pediatric disease
Kawasaki
JRA
ARF
45
Incubation period of varicella
14-21 days
46
Involvement of the geniculate ganglion and causes facial nerve paralysis in varicella zoster
Ramsay hunt syndrome
47
Other name for ramsay hunt syndrome
Herpes zoster oticus
48
CMV is cultured in
Shell tubes
49
Heterophil test result in cmv
Heterophil negative
50
Most common viral cause of congenital anomalies
Congenital CMV
51
DOC in CMV
Ganciclovir
52
Tx for kaposi's sarcoma
Surgical excision, radiation
53
Malignancies assoc with EBV
Burkitt's lymphoma - africans
Nasopharyngeal CA - chinese
Hairy leukoplakia- aids
54
Largest viruses
Poxviridae
55
Shape of poxvirus
Complex - brick shaped
56
Histopath of pox virus
Guarnieri bodies
57
Treatment for molluscum contagiosum
Cidofovir
58
Intracytoplasmic inclusions seen in molluscum contagiosum
Henderson-Peterson bodies
59
Mnemonics for hepatitides
Hep A - asymptomatic
b - blood borne
c - chronic, carcinoma, cirrhosis, carriers
E- enteric, expectant mothers, epidemics
The VOWELS (A and E) hit your bowels
60
Virulence factor of Hepatitis B is collectively called
Dane particle
61
Only DNA virus that produces DNA by reverse transcription
Hepatitis
62
Autoimmune vascultides associated with hepatitis
PAN
63
Treatment for hepatitis B
Interferon alpha and lamivudine
64
First vaccine to prevent a human cancer
Hep B vaccine
65
3 naked rna viruses
CPR
Calci
Picorna
Reo
66
2 types of viral symmetry
Helical and icosahedral
67
Mnemonics picornaviridae
PERCHed at th PIC
```
Polio
Echo
Rhino
Coxsackie
Hep A
```
Picornaviridae
68
All DNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except
Influenza and retrovirus
69
Intranuclear inclusions in polio
Cowdry type B
70
Most common spectrum of disease in polio
Abortive poliomyelitis
71
Oral polio vaccine
Live attenuated
| Sabin
72
2 groups of coxsackie viruses
A and B
73
Group A Coxsackievirus cause whag diseases
Herpangina
Hand foot and mouth disease
Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
74
Group B coxsackie virus causes
Pleurodynia
Myocarditis and pericarditis
Chest area involvement
75
Most common cause of myocarditis
Coxsackie B
76
Enteroviruses
Coxsackie
Echo
Polio
77
Most common cause of aseptic meningitis
Enteroviruses
78
Echo virus stands for
Enteric cytopathic human orphan
79
Most common and 2nd most common cause of common colds
Rhinovirus
| 2nd- coronavirus
80
Mnemonic for rhinovirus
Rhino with a runny nose
81
Self limited hepatitis
Hepatitis A
82
Most impt test in Hep A
Anti HAV IgM
83
Hepatitis A virus is also known as
Enterovirus 72
84
2 calciviridae viruses
Hep E
| Norwalk virus
85
Population targeted by Hep E
Pregnant women
E - Expectant
86
Most common cause of nonbacterial diarrhea in adults
Norovirus
87
Rotavirus contains how many segments of double stranded DNA
10-11
88
Major antigens of influenza virus (2 different spikes)
Hemagglutinin - H
| Neuraminidase - N
89
MOA of hemagglutinin in influenza
Hemagluttinin binds to the cell surgace receptr (neuraminic acid and sialic acid) to initiate cell infection
90
Moa of neuraminidase
Cleaves neuraminic acid to release progeny
91
3 subtypes of influenza
A B C
92
Influenza that is the most common cause of respiratory tract infections and cause worldwide pandemics
Influenza A
93
Causes major outbreak of influenza but not pandemics
Influenza b
94
Influenza B infects only ____
Humans
95
Influenza type that cause mild resp infxns
Influenza C
96
Common source of new influenza genes
Aquatic birds (waterfowl)
97
Serves as mixing bowl of the different infleunza genes
Pigs
98
Mnemonic for antigenic shift and drift
Sudden shift is more deadly that graDual drift
99
Antigenic shifts causes ___ while antigenic drift causes _______
Pandemics
| Epidemics
100
Treatment for influenza
Oseltamivir or zanamavir
101
Treats influenza A only and is also known as an antiparkinsons drug
Amantadine
102
Mnemonic for paramyxoviridae
PaRaMMyxoviridae
Parainfluenza
RSV
Mumps
Measles
Parade of pediatric viruses
103
Envelope spike that is present in all paramyxoviruses
Fusion protein
104
Other name for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Damson's disease
105
Mnemonic for MUMPs presentation
Mumps makes your parotids and testes as big as POM POMs
Parotitis
Orchitis
Meningitis
106
Only surface spike of RSV
Fusion protein
107
The fusion proteins in paramyxoviridae causes cells to fuse forming multinucleated giant cells called
Syncitia
108
Most impt cause of bronchiolitis and pneumoni in infants
RSV
109
Ribavarin is used for
RSV and Hep C
110
Bullet shaped enveloped virus
Rabies virus
111
Transmissionof coronavirus
Reservoir: ?
Intermediate host?
Horeshoe bat
| Civet cat
112
Atypica pneumonia that progressed to ARDS from coronavirus
SARS
113
In SARS, the virus binds to
ACE 2 receptor
114
Dengue with influenza like syndrome with severe pains in muscles and joints
Breakbone fever
115
Hepatitis C has ___ serotypes
6
116
Most prevalent blood borne pathogen in IV drug users
Hepatitis C
117
hepatitis C resembles hep B but differs because Hep C causes
Autoimmune reactions (thyroiditis, autoantibodies, MPGN, PCT, DM)
118
Most common indication for liver transplantation
Hepatitis C
119
Incubation period of german measles
14-21 days
120
German measles has a prodrome followed by a ____-day maculopapular rash and _______
3 day
| Post auricular lymphadenopathy
121
The enzyme responsible for the difficulty in treating HIV
Reverse transcriptase
122
Envelope proteins of HIV
Gp 120
| Gp 41
123
RNA of HIV is tightly complexed with this protein
P7
124
Major capsid protein of HIV
P24
125
Outer matrix protein of HIV
P17
126
HIV genes of importance
Gag - capsid
Pol - enzymes
Env - envelope
Tat- activation of transcription of viral genes
Rev - transport of late mRNAs to the cytoplasm
127
Only function as an impt serologic marker for HIV with no therapeutic importance
P24 - major capsid protein
128
Most immunogenic region of gp120
V3 loop
129
Responsible for antigenic variants of HIV
Gp120
130
GP that mediates the fusion of HIV envelope with the cell membrane at the time of infection
Gp41
131
First source of HIV and in what country
Chimpanzees
Congo
132
Phases of HIV infection
```
0 - infection
1 window period
2 seroconversion
3 latent period
4 early symptomatic
5 AIDS
```
133
HIV latent period duration
1-15 years
134
Early symptomatic and AIDS phase have CD4 counts of
Early symptomatic
135
Gold standard diagnosis for HIV
PCR
136
Presumptive and definitive diagnosis for HIV
Presumptive - ELISA
| Definitive - Western Blot
137
What is used for prognostication of HIV
Viral load using PCR
138
Retrovirus causing adult T cell leukemia and appears on HP ad mlignant T cells with a flower shaped nucleus
HTLV
Human T cell lymphotrophic virus
139
Thread like viruses in the family filoviridae
Ebola
140
Flavivirus with a bird-man-mosquito cycle
West nile virus
141
Most common cause of epidemic encephalitis
Jap B enceph
142
Jap B enceph is transmitted by what mosquito
Culex
143
Characteristic finding of Jap B enceph on CT Scan
Thalamic infarcts
