Virology (RNA viruses)

Question 1

Coltivirus- colorado tick fever

Rotavrius- #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children

• viral family?
• enveloped?
• RNA structure?
• Capside symmetry?

Answer 1

• Reoviruses
• No
• DS lineasr 10-12 segments
• Icosahedral (double)

Question 2

_{Poliovirus (Salk/sabin cacinnes IPV/OPV)}

_{Echovirus- aseptic meningitis}

_{Rhinovirus- common cold}

_{Coxsackievirus: aspectic meningitis, herpangina (mouth blister fever), hand foot mouth disease, myocarditis, pericarditis.}

_{HAV-acute viral hepatitis}

• viral family?
• enveloped?
• RNA structure?
• Capside symmetry?

Answer 2

• picornavirus
• no
• ss + linear
• Isocohedral

Question 3

HEV

• viral family?
• enveloped?
• RNA structure?
• Capside symmetry?

Answer 3

• Hepevirus
• No
• SS + Linear
• Icosahedral

Question 4

Norovirus-viral gastroenteritis (adults)

• viral family?
• enveloped?
• RNA structure?
• Capside symmetry?

Answer 4

• Calicivirus
• No
• SS + Linear
• Icosahedral

Question 5

HCV, Yellow fever, Dengue, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile virus

• viral family?
• enveloped?
• RNA structure?
• Capside symmetry?

Answer 5

• Flaviviruses
• Yes
• SS + linear
• Icosahedral

Question 6

Rubella, Eastern equine encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis

• viral family?
• enveloped?
• RNA structure?
• Capside symmetry?

Answer 6

• Togavirus
• Yes
• SS + Linear
• Icosahedral

Question 7

Have reverse transcriptase, HTLV-Tcell leukemia HIV -AIDS

• viral family?
• enveloped?
• RNA structure?
• Capside symmetry?

Answer 7

• Retrovirus
• Yes
• SS + Linear
• Icosahedral (HTLV), complex and conical (HIV)

Question 8

Coronavirus ‘common cold’ and SARS

• viral family?
• enveloped?
• RNA structure?
• Capside symmetry?

Answer 8

• Coronavirus
• Yes
• SS + linear
• Helical

Question 9

Influenza virus

• viral family?
• enveloped?
• RNA structure?
• Capside symmetry?

Answer 9

• Orthomyxoviruses
• Yes
• SS - linear 8 segments
• Helical

Question 10

PaRaMyxovirus:

Parainfluneza (croup), RSV (bronchiolitis in babies’ Rx: what is treatment?), Measles and Mumps

• viral family?
• enveloped?
• RNA structure?
• Capside symmetry?

Answer 10

• Ribavirin
• Paramyxovirus
• Yes
• SS - linear nonsegmented
• helical

Question 11

Rabies

• viral family?
• enveloped?
• RNA structure?
• Capside symmetry?

Answer 11

• Rhabdoviruses
• Yes
• SS - Linear
• Helical

Question 12

Ebola/Marburh hemorrhagic fever (often fatal)

• viral family?
• enveloped?
• RNA structure?
• Capside symmetry?

Answer 12

• Filovirus
• Yes
• SS - linear
• helical

Question 13

LCMV (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) Lassa fever encephalitis, spread by what animal?

• viral family?
• enveloped?
• RNA structure?
• Capside symmetry?

Answer 13

• mice
• Arenaviruses
• Yes
• SS - circular (2 segments)
• Helical

Question 14

California encephalitis, Sandfly/rift valley fever, crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, Hantavirus-hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia

• viral family?
• enveloped?
• RNA structure?
• Capside symmetry?

Answer 14

• Bunyviruses
• Yes
• SS - circular (3 segment)
• helical

Question 15

HDv is a defective virus that requires HBV co-infection

• viral family?
• enveloped?
• RNA structure?
• Capside symmetry?

Answer 15

• Delta virus
• Yes
• SS - circular
• ?

Question 16

Negative stranded viruses

• must transcribe _ _ strand to _ _
• Virion brings its own _ _
• this includes: (Always bring Polymerase or fail replication)

Answer 16

• • to +
• RNA-depedent RNA polymerase
• Arenavirus, Bunyavirus, Paramyxovirus, Orthomyxovirus, Filovirus, Rhabdoviruses.

Question 17

Segemented viruses

• All are RNA viruses
• They include (BOAR)

Answer 17

• Bunyavirus
• Orthomyxovirus (influenza)
• Arenavirus
• Reovirus

Question 18

Picornavirus

• Includes (PERCH)
• RNA is translated into 1 large polypeptide that is cleaves by_ _into functional viral proteins
• Can cause _ _ except for 2
• all are enteroviruses except?

Answer 18

• Poliovirus, Enterovirus, Rhinovirus, Coxsachievirus, HAV
• proteases
• aspetic (viral) meningitis (except rhinovirus and HAV)
• rhinovirus

Question 19

• A piconavirus, noneveloped RNA virus
• Cause of common cold
• >100 serologic types
• Acid labile (destroyed by stomach acid)
  
  • therefore doesnot infect GI tract (unlike the other picornaviruses)

Answer 19

Rhinovirus

Question 20

A flavivirus (also an arbovirus) transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. virus has a monkey or human resorvoir

Symptoms: High fever, black vomitis, and jaundice

What is the cause?

Answer 20

Yellow fever virus

Question 22

he most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis, is a segmented dsRNA virus ( a reovirus)

Major cause of acute diarrhea in the US during winter, especially in day-care centers, kindergartens.

• What is the cause?
• What is the mechanism?

Answer 22

• Rotavirus
• Villous destruciton with atrophy
  
  • leads to dec absorption of Na and loss of K

• CDC recommends routine vaccinationt of all infants*
• ROTAvirus-Right out the Anus!*

Question 23

• Enveloped - ssRNA, viruses with 8 segments genome
• contains _ _( promotes viral entry) and _ _ (promotes progeny virion release) antigens.
• Patients at risk for _ _
• Rapid genetic changes
• Define organism

Answer 23

• Orthomyxoviruses (influenza viruses)
• Hemagglutinin & neuraminidase
• fatal bacterial superinfection

Question 24

Reformulated vaccine (the flu shot) containing the viral strains most likely to appear during the flu seans

• which one is more freq used?
• which vaccine replicates in the nose but not in the lung, and how is it adminsitered?

Answer 24

• Killed viral vaccine
• Live attenuated; intranasally

Question 25

what causes pandemics, reassortment of viral genome, segments undergo high freq recombination, such as when human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus.

Answer 25

Genetic shift/antigentic shifts Sudden shift is more deadly than gradual drift.

Question 26

Causes epidemics. Minor (changes bassed on random mutation)

Answer 26

Antigentic drift Sudden shift is more deadly than gradual drift

Question 27

# Define virus and family and other name fever, postauricular and other lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, and fine rash. Causes mild disease in children but serious congenital disease (a ToRCHeS infection). Congenital rubella findings include 'blueberry muffin' appearance, indicative of extramedullary hematopoieis

Answer 27

* rubella, togavirus, 3 day german measles

Question 28

* Paramyxoviruses causes disease in children * parainfluenza (croup seal like barking cough) * mumps, measles, * RSV (respiratory tract infeciton (bronchiolitis, pneumonia) in infants * All of these contain what * what is its purpose * what prevents pneuomia caused by RSV infection in premature infants

Answer 28

* Surface F (fusion) protein * causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse adn form multinucleated cells * Palivizumab * monoclonal antibody against F protein

Question 29

# * Define the virus that is a paramyxovirus that causes koplik spots (blue-white center on buccal mucosa), and descending maculopapular rash Cough, Coryza (irritation inside nose), conjunctivitis pink eye * What are some possible sequelae? * What is used to prevent severe exfoliative dermatitis in malnourished children?

Answer 29

* Measles virus (paramyxovirus) * Sequelae * SSPE (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, occuring years later) * Encephalitis (1:20000) * giant cell pneumonia (rarely in immunosuppressed) * Vitamin A

Question 30

Pt presents with parotisi (enlarged parotid glands) and orchitis (inflammation of testes) and aseptic meningitis * What is it? * What is the major complication?

Answer 30

* Mumps virus * Orchitis/sterility (especially after puberty)

Question 31

Pt presents with * bullet shaped virus * Negri bodies commonly found in _ _ & _ ?_ * This virus has a long incubation period (wks to months) before symptom onset. * Progression of disease * fever, malaise--\> agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia--\>paralysis, coma --\> death * Postexposure treatment is wound cleansing and _ _ & _ ._ * what is the mech? * more commonly from bat, raccoon, and skunk bites than from dogs in US!

Answer 31

* Purkinje cells of cerebellum and hippocampal neurons * Vaccination +/- rabies immune globulin (expensive like crazy!)