Virology Test 2 Flashcards
(287 cards)
1
Q
A transmissible livestock, poultry, or equine disease that is usually absent from the USA and has the potential for significant impact on animal health, human health, or the economy
A
Foreign Animal Disease
2
Q
Who identifies global pathogens
A
Office International des Epizooties (OIE)
Animal World Health Organization
3
Q
Who maintains a list of high consequence Livestock pathogens
A
USDA
4
Q
What percentage of disease is viral
A
90%
5
Q
What are the 4 potential routes on introduction for a FAD
A
1 - Intentional (AgroTerrorism)
2- Accident - tourism and imports
3 - migration or wildlife movement
4 - natural emergence or re-emergence of disease
6
Q
How is a FAD reported
A
1 - State Vet office
2 - Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostician collects samples for diagnosis
7
Q
What are vesicular disease characterized by
A
formation of epithelial vesicles in the mouth, snout, feet, or teats
8
Q
What vesicular diseases do cattle get
A
Foot and Mouth
Vesicular Stomatitis
9
Q
What vesicular disease do Swine get
A
Foot and Mouth
Vesicular stomatitis
VE - Vesicular Stomatitis virus
SVD - Swine vesicular disease
10
Q
What vesicular disease do Horses get
A
Vesicular Stomatitis
11
Q
What vesicular disease do Sheep and Goats get
A
Foot and Mouth
12
Q
picornavirus
7 serotypes 60 subtypes
no cross immunity
cloven hoof Artiodactyla
A
Foot and Mouth Disease Virus
13
Q
Rhabdovirus
2 serotypes
cattle, donkeys, horses, swine(common)
deer, feral pigs, raccoons
A
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
14
Q
Calicivirus
16 serotypes no cross immunity
Swine
Marine mammals (San Miguel Sea Lion)
A
Vesicular exanthema Virus
15
Q
Picronavirus, Enterovirus
effects swine only
A
Swine Vesicular disease
16
Q
What type of virus is FMD
A
Picornavirus
17
Q
What is the most important disease of ruminants world wide
A
FMD
18
Q
who can get FMD
A
all clooven hoof Artiodactyla
19
Q
Where is FMD enzootic
A
Asia
South America
Middle East
Africa
20
Q
What is a maintenance host
A
few clinical signs
spread virus to other animals
21
Q
who is the maintenance host for FMD
A
Sheep
22
Q
What is an amplifier
A
become ill and shed large amounts of virus in respiratory secretions
23
Q
who is the amplifier for FMD
A
Swine
24
Q
What is an indicator
A
lesions develop early and symptoms are severe
25
who is the indicator for FMD
Cattle
26
What are the modes of transmission for FMD
```
inhalation
ingestion
direct contact
fomiates
airborn up to 60 KM
```
27
Where is FMD virus shed
saliva, feces, urine, milk, and respiratory aerosols
| vesicles contain high titers of virus
28
Some animals that have recovered or have been vaccinated can be carriers and virus remains in pharyngeal areas for how long
Cattle - 2 years
Sheep - 9 months
Pigs - NOT CARRIERS
29
T or F Pasteurization kills FMD in milk
FALSE it survives
30
What kind of weather does FMD like
COLD and WET
31
where does FMD survive
feces, hay, bran, snow-covered soil
| frozen or refrigerated meat and by products
32
Explain the pathogenesis of FMD
Inhalation of ingestion of virus
Replication in Pharynegal and Lymph tissues
Spread via lymph & dissemination to Epithelial sites
Vesicle form on mouth, snout, feet & teats
33
T or F FMD is spreading before the disease is clinically recognized
TRUE - virus is excreted 24 hours prior to development of clinical signs
34
T or F FMD is highly contagious
TRUE - short incubation only about 24 hours
35
What are the clinical signs of FMD in cattle
incubation of 3-6 days
fever, stomatitis
vesicles on buccal mucosa, dental pad, tongue, interdigital cleft, coronary band, and sometimes teats
36
What are the clinical signs of FMD in pigs
vesicles and bulla on snout and feet -
| VERY LAME
37
What are the clinical signs of FMD in sheep
mild lesions inside the mouth and around the coronary band
| EASY to miss
38
What does the FMD lesions appear as
single or multiple vesicles or blister
fibrinonecrotic ulcers
ropey stringy saliva
blister rupture quickly and ulcer appears
39
What is the FMD lesions seen in young calves
Tiger Heart Lesion
multifocial areas of myocardial coagulative necrosis
no epithelial vesicles
40
What is diagnostic when there is hgih morbidity in sheep cattle and pigs but NOT horses
FMD
41
T or F FMD spreads slowly through a herd
FALSE - rapid 2-14 day incubation
42
What are clinical signs of FMD
fever then in 1-2 days
| anorexia, agalactia, drooling, bruxism, foot stamping, lamenss, vessicles, ulcers
43
What type if mortality is seen with FMD
20% usually in young animals can be 60% if tiger heart lesions occur
2% adults
44
What is prevention and control for FMD
Marker vaccines and DIVA ELISA
non-stuctural proteins omitted by vaccine in which ELISA can detect so it is negative in vaccinated animals but positive in naturally infected animals
45
What are the 2 types of vaccines for FMD
Recombinant Vector - in development (adenovirus expressing FMD capsid proteins)
Inactivated Adjuvant - strain specific, short immunity, no cross protective immuntiy
46
What is the historic method for control of FMD
Eradication - need new method so we dont wipe out entire herds of cattle with a dis outbreak
47
What are the enviromental control measures for FMD
inactived by pH outside of 6-11
| inactived by sunlight and drying
48
Efficitive disinfectants for FMD
Virkon-S
| Peroxygen disinfectants
49
T or F Foot and mouth is zoonotic
FALSE
50
What are the 2 Rhabdoviridae viruses
Vesicular stomatits
| rabies
51
what are enveloped bullet-shaped negative strand RNA viruses
Rhabdovirdae
52
what are the VS serotypes
New Jersey
| Indiana
53
T or F VS is endemic in the US
TRUE - sporadic cases occur each year in the SW
54
What are the routes of transmission for VS
Insect vectors - seasonal
direct fluid contact with saliva of vesicular fluid
fomites
55
what are the biological insect vectors for VS
blackflies and sandflies
56
what are the mechanical insect vectors for VS
biting midges
57
T or F VS can easily be distinguished from FMD in cattle and swine
FALSE - nearly impossible
58
What are the clinical signs of VS in horses
fever, anorexia, drooling,
vessicles/ulcers on tongue and lips
coronary band vesicles - Lameness
59
What is the morbidity and mortality % for VS
MOrbidity - 80%
| Mortality - 0%
60
T or F Vesicular stomatitis is not zoonitic
FALSE - it actually causes flu-like symptoms in humans
61
What is the only vesicular disease that effects horses
VS
62
What is naked icosahedral postive strand RNA genome
Caliciviridae
63
How does Valicivirade exit the cell
Lysis of the cell
64
What are the 4 import Caliciviridae
Norovirus (human gastroenteritis)
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Dz (hepatic & DIC)
Feline Calicivirus (respiratory)
Vesicular Exanthema (VSD - vesicular swine Dz)
65
Who is the host of Vesicular Exanthema
Swine
66
when was Vesicular Exanthema eradicated
1956
67
What are the clinical signs of Vesicular Exanthema
lesions similar to FMD, VS & SVD
Lameness and vesicles on mouth snout skin and feet
NOT as sever as FMD
68
what serotype of Vesicular Exanthema was found in 1970
San Miguel Sea Lion Viruses
69
Why is San Miguel Sea Lion virus important
it is transmissible to domestic swine via feral swine or feeding ocean fish to pigs
70
how is Vesicular Exanthema diagnosed
multiplex RT-PCR (all 4 vesicular dieases)
71
how is Vesicular Exanthema controled
eradication
72
What kind of virus is Swine Vesicular Dz
picornavirus
73
what is Swine Vesicular Dz modes of transmission
direct contact
skin abrasions
fecal-oral
74
T or F Swine Vesicular Dz can't survive in the environment
FALSe - survives well and can persist in chilled meat
75
what are predominant lesions of Swine Vesicular Dz
lameness and vesicles on feet mouth & snout
| Mouth - less common
76
What helps distinguish Swine Vesicular Dz from FDM and VS
it tends to cause milder disease with minor production losses
77
Swine Vesicular Dz diagnosis
Multiplex RT_PCR
| antibody detection - ELSIA serum neutralization
78
how is Swine Vesicular Dz controlled
Eradication
79
T or F Swine Vesicular Dz is zoonotic
TRUE but not significant -rare flu symptoms
80
What are enveloped icosahederal DNA viruses
Herpesviruses
81
What are the 3 sub-types of Herpes
Alpha - epithelial cell - latent in sensory neurons
Beta - epithelial - latent in leukocytes
Gamma - Lymphocytes B and or T
82
A group of disease in ruminates caused by cross - species infection with Gammaherpevirus is
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
83
what causes minimal disease in their adaptive host but sever Dz and high mortality in Accidental host
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
| adapted host has latent infection and sheds virus
84
What is the natural and Accidental host for Alcelaphine here 1 (AIHV-1)
Natural - Wildebeest
| Accidental - Cattle, deer wild ruminants
85
What is the natural and Accidental host for Ovine Herpes -2 (OvHV-2)
Natural - Sheep
| Accidental - Cattle bison deer wild ungulates
86
What is the natural and accidental host for Caprine Herees 2 (CpHV-2)
Natural - Domestic and wild goats
| accidental - WT and Sika deer
87
What is the natural and accidental host for MCF-WTD
Natural - unknown maybe sheep or goat
| accidental - WT deer in North America
88
What is Malignant Catarrhal Fever modes of transmission
direct contact with secretions
| inhalation or ingestion
89
when does Malignant Catarrhal Fever occur
when susceptiblae species are co-mingled with natural host species
90
Gammaherpe infect and establish latency in what cells
lymphocytes T and B
91
What ist he major cause of Malignant Catarrhal Fever in cattle
Ovine herpes-2
92
WHat is morbidity and mortality of Ovine herpes in cattle
Morbidity (1-6%)
| Mortality (95%)
93
what are the clinical forms of Malignant Catarrhal Fever
Subclinical - seen in reservior host
peracute - sudden death 12-24 hr course
Acute - fever, bilateral corneal opacities, discharage, crusted nares, oral ulcers, superficial lymohadenopathy scours and hemorrhagic gasterenterits
94
What are the gross lesions seen with Malignant Catarrhal Fever
opthalmitis with corneal opacity
crusted nares
generalized lymphadenopathy
Muscosal.erison ulcers
95
What is the presumptive diagnosis for Malignant Catarrhal Fever
right lesion AND a history of exposure to the natural host
96
what is the best way to diagnosis Malignant Catarrhal Fever
PCR - detects vira lantigen and can detect inapparent shedders
97
When is Serology like ELSIA or SN used with Malignant Catarrhal Fever
to see if virus is circulating in the herd
| not used for diagnosis
98
What is an enveloped negative strand RNA virus
Paramyxoviridae
99
What are the 3 proteins on the Paramyxoviradie
M - virus buddine
P - encodes IF antagnostic
L - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
100
What are the 2 import envelope glycoproteins
H (Hemagglutinin) - receptor for attachment to host cell
F (fusion) - fusion of viron to host and permit virus entry
also cell to cell fusion inside the cell
101
where are esoinophilic inclusions found
nucleus and cytoplasmq
102
What type of virus is a tropism for both GI and Respiratory tracts
Paramyxovirus
| Pneumoina and enteritis is seen
103
What is seen when paramyxo gets to lymphocytes or monocytes
necrosis - immune suppression
104
what does canine distemper virus effect
neurons and skin epithelial cells
105
T or F Paramyx usually only affect a single animal of species of animals
TRUE
106
What is the 2 paramyxo virus in dogs
distemper
| parainfluenza 2 - Kennel cough
107
what are the 2 paramyxo viruses in cattle
BRDC - parainfluenza 3
| BRDC - bovine respiratory syntactical virus
108
What is the paramyxo virus in sheep
peste de petits ruminants (PPR)
109
what is the paramyxo virus in humans
measles
110
What are the viruses assocaited with Morbillivirus
Measles - humans
distemper dogs & seals
rinderpest - cattle
PPR - sheep and goats
111
What are the viruses associated with respirovirus
Parainfluenza 1-3 - Cattle & dogs
| Paramyxovirus - swine
112
what are the viruses associated with Rubellavirus
Newcastle Dz - Poultry
113
What are the pneumovirus viruses
BRSV - cattle
114
what are the viruses associated with Henipah
Hendra - horses and humans
| Nipah pigs and humans
115
Pathogenesis of Morbillivirus (measles,distemper)
inhalation of ingestion virus
replication in tonsil and lymph nodes
Primary Virema infection of mononucler and lymphcytes
dissemination in lymp tissue, bone marrow
Secondary viremia and infection of target cells in alimentary lymph and respiratory systems
116
What type of virus is PPR
morbillivirus simlar to rinderpest
117
What does PPR causes
acute plague of sheep and goats with high morbidity and mortality
GOATS WORSE
118
What ate the clinical signs of PPR
pneumonia and scours (enteritits)
119
What animal are most susceptible to PPR
lambs and kid goats
| ill when maternal antibody decline
120
PPR signs and lesions
interstital pneumonia syncytia and cells with eosinophillic incusions
Dyspena, cough, mucorplurent ocular and nasal discharge
muscosal erosions and ulcers on pharynx, oral, esophagus, abomassum and interstine
dehydration and scours
121
What ate the test for PPR
RT_PCR
AGID
antigen-capture ELISA
122
What are the PPR control measures
non-endemic - slaughter and quarantine
| endemic - vaccinate with attenuated vaccines
123
Clinical signs of Rinderpest
fever, scours, GI ulcers, necrosis pyers patches, dehydration, lymph necrosis immune suppression
124
what is the most lethal plague of cattle
Rinderpest
100% morbidity
90% mortality in naive cattle
125
What features favored Rinderpest eradication in 2011
```
labile in enviroment
no vertical transmission
no arthropod vector
transmisssion requires close contact
non permant carrier state in domestic cattle
no wildlife resivor
life-long immunity for recovered animals
vaccination - life long immunity
vaccination does require refridgeration
```
126
What is the enveloped positive strand RNA that is able to cross the placenta, infect the fetus, and establish a persistent infection
Pestivirus family Flavivirade
127
What are the important Pestivirus in veterinary medicine
BVD - cattle
Border Dz - Sheep
Classical Swine Fever - Pigs
128
what are the consequences of a prenatal pestivirus infection
1 - fetus can die
2 - fetus born with defects (cerebellar hypoplasia, hypomyelinogenesis, Shaker lambs/pigs)
3 - PI (Persistent immunotolerant infections
129
What is a PI
virus averts both the inate and adaptive immune responses of the fetus and dam
blocks induction of IFN secretion
PI animals shed virus and infect herd mates
130
What is the reservior for classical swine fever
Wild Pig
131
Classical swine fever is high contangious and shed in what tissues
```
blood
saliva
urine
feces
semen
```
132
T or F Classical swine fever survives in salted, smoked or frozen meat
TRUE
133
T or F Classical swine fever can withstand heat, disinfectants and sunlight
FALSE it is destroyed
134
What are classical swine fever modes of transmission
direct contact with secretions
fomites
in utero infection (dead piglets,congenital defects
135
T or F Classical swine fever PI piglets are immunotolerant
TRUE they shed virus in urine
136
What is the pathogenesis of classical swine fever
Oronasal exposure
infection of Tonsilar epithelia cells & macrophages
replication in submand & phyrngeal lym nodes
disseminationvia leykocyte trafficing spleen, LN,bone marro and pyers patch
destruction of endotheial cells, lymphocytes, macrophage,epithelial cells
immune suppression hemmorrhages infarcts (DIC)
137
What happens in the acute form of classical swine fever
Naive Herd Pathogenic strain
DIC - destroys endothelia cells
fever, depression, conjunc,vomit, scours, constipation, CNS signs
leukopenia
purpura in skin
devastating epidemic in navie herd with 100% morbidity and mortality
138
What is the chronic form of classical swine fever
Infected herd, Moderate-low pathogenic
many pigs inapperant or subclinical Dz
young pigs - runting, scours, 2nd infections
Sows - abortion,mummies, stillborn
baby pigs - cerebellar hypoplasia, hyrdocephalus
chronic entercolitis
139
what 2 Dz does Chronic classical swine fever mimic
PRRS
| PCV-2
140
What is the late-onset form of classical swine fever
Persistently Infected Pigs
acquired in utero & tolerance developed
intinally asymptomatic then anorexia, depression, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, posterior paresis
don't grow well
shed virus for months
141
What are the Gross lesions seen with classical swine fever
```
Conjunctivitis
Diffuse Erythema
Multifocial petechia & pupura
tonsillar necrosis & hemorrhages
Renal Petechiae
Lymph node hemorrhages with bright red rim
```
142
What is the lesion of spleen with Acute form of classical swine fever
Pathogonomic
Multifocial infarcts - dark red blebs
NO Splenomegaly
143
What lesion is seen with the chronic form of classical swine fever
ulcers on the surface of the colon
144
What might piglets in late gestation show if infected with classical swine fever
Cerebellar hypoplasia
145
How is classical swine fever diagnosed
Direct FA on tonsil
antigen capture ELSIA
RT_PCR for viral antigen
serology test like VN or ELSIA
146
how is classical swine fever controlled
REPORTABLE in Us
eradication in free countries
vaccination with MLV with markers
killed vaccines in endemic countries
147
What family and genus is African swine fever belong too
Family - Asfarviridae
| Genus - Asfivirus
148
What is the only known DNA arbovirus
Asfarviruses like African swine fever
149
who are the host for African swine fever
swine
| wart hogs
150
what is the reservoirs for African swine fever
Bush pigs
151
What is the vector for African swine fever
Ornithodorus sp
Soft tick - biological vector
cycle between wild hog and soft tick
152
Pathogenesis of African swine fever
tick bite/consume infected tissue
replication in tonsil and lymph
trafficking monocytes & macrophages
Cytokine storm
kills lymphocytes, inflammation, kills endothelia
lesions of edema, hemorrhages, immune suppression (DIC)
153
What are the 3 forms of African swine fever
Peracute
Acute
Chronic
154
What it African swine fever commonly confused with
acute form of classical swine fever
155
what gross lesions are seen with African swine fever
Petechiae & Purpura in skin
pulmonary hemorrhages & edema
Hemmorrhagic lymph nodes
156
What is the spleen lesion with African swine fever
Splenomegaly with NO infarcts
157
How is African swine fever diagnosed
FA or PCR on tonsil or lymph node to detect viral antigen
| ELSIA or IFA to detect serum antibody
158
How is African swine fever controlled
Difficult in endemic areas
NO vaccine
Soft tick control
159
T or F African swine fever persist in cured meat and is resistant in the environment
True - Test and slaughter are best control methods
160
What is an enveloped negative RNA strand viron with HN & F peplomeres
Paramyxoviridae (newcastle)
161
What causes exotic newcastle disease
APMV-1
| Avian Paramyxovirus -1
162
What is the most infectious poultry disease in the world
APMV-1 Exotic Newcastle Dz
163
What pathotype of APMV causes Exotic Newcastle disease but isn't in the US
Velogenic type
Viscerotrpic - intestines
Neurotropic - neurons
cause sever Dz - 100% mortality
164
The mesogenic type of Exotic Newcastle Dz is in the US and effects what age birds
Young birds
| adults survive
165
The lentogenic type of exotic newcastle Dz is seen in Us where
subclinical in adults
| mild Dz in chicks
166
what pathotype are Exotic newcastle vaccines
lentogenic
167
T or F Only domestic birds are the host for Exotic New Castle Dz
FALSE - domestic and Wild
168
T or F Turkeys have more sever infections of ENC than chickens
FALSE - Chickens worse infection
169
Who might be chronic carriers of ENC
Psittacine and wild birds
170
What birds can shed ENC fo rover 400 days
Amazon parrots
171
how is exotic new castle disease usually introduced
smuggled birds
172
how is Exotic new castle Dz transmitted
direct contact
feces
oronasal secretions
fomites
173
T or F ENCD survives in frozen materials but dies in heat and sunlight
TRUE
174
How is ENCD commonly spread
de-beaking or vaccination crews traveling between farms
175
What are the mechanical vectors of ENCD
Rodents
| flies
176
What are the clinical signs of ENCD
Respiratory - sneeze, gasp, cough, discharge
CNS - depression, tremor, twisted head & neck
Enteric & repro - scours, drop in eggs, misshapen eggs
177
what is the mortality and morbidity of ENCD
100% within 48 hours
178
what are the viscertropic lesions of ENCD
Necrosis & hemmorhages of cecal tonsil
| friable enlarge spleen
179
What are the neurotropic lesions seen with ENCD
Usually NONE
some necrosis
gliosis on histology
180
How is ENCD diagnosed
Virus isolation in embroynated eggs - identify with HI test to identify as NDV
181
how is the virulence of APMV-1 determine once it is isolated
intracerebral pathogenicity index
| sequence the F-2protein
182
how is ENCD prevented
vaccination with lentogenic strains that is in ovo(egg)
unvaccinated birds to monitor flock
quarantine and slaughter
183
What is the zoonotic potential of ENCD
Conjunctivitis in Humans
184
enveloped negative RNA virus with 3 segmented genome
Rift Valley Fever
185
Who are the host for rift valley fever
```
ruminants
dogs
cats
swine
humans
```
186
who are the amplifying hosts for rift valley fever
Ruminants
| humans
187
where is rift valley fever endemic
Africa
| Egypt
188
how is rift valley fever transported
arthropod vector
189
what species is susceptible to rift valley fever
```
sheep & lambs
kid goats
baby calves
puppies
kittens
```
190
what is the route of transmission for rift valley fever
inset vector
Biological - Mosquitoes & flies
mechanical - midges
Aerosol transmission - humans amplify
191
When do Epizootics of rift valley fever occur
when mosquito population expands and susceptible animals are bitten
Floods, raining times
192
what signs are seen with rift valley fever
Epidemic hepatitis - liver necrosis in fetus and neonates
High abortion - cows,sheep (neonates 70-100% dead)
Influenza like Dz in people
Vectors are active
193
What are the diagnostic test for rift valley fever
virus isolation
RT_PCR IHc
IgM capture
ELISA
194
How is rift valley fever control
vaccination
| eradication
195
T or F Rift valley fever readily infects humans
TRUE
flu like illness
fatal hemorrhagic fever
encephalitis
196
T or F human can amplify rift valley fever
TRUE enables them to enable infection of mosquitoes
197
what is a non-enveloped ds-RNA vius with segmented genome
Orbivirus
family - Reoviridae
genus - Orbivirus
198
What are the important veterinary Orbivurs with multiple segments
African horses sickness
blue tongue
Epizootic Hemmorrhageic Dz
199
What are the vectors of the arbovirus African horse sickness
Biological - Culicoies sp
| Mechanical - ticks and mosquitoes
200
T or F African horses sickness is worse in donkeys and zebra
FALSE - worse in horses
201
pathogenesis of African Horses Sickness
insect bite
infection of luekocytes/dendritic
viral replication in lymphoid organs
leukocyte trafficking and dissemination in RBC to lungs,heart, spleen, liver, kidney, LN
destrection of endothelial cells in heart and lung
pulmonary edema, SQ edema, hydrothorax, hyrodpericardium and myocardial hemmorrhages
202
What is the Peracute pulmonary form of African horse fever
```
pulmonary edema
frothy nasal discharge
dyspena
death within hours
3-4 day incubation
```
203
what is sub acute cardiac form of African horse sickness
fever
edema in supra-orbital fossa & conjunctive
lesions are hydropericardium
cardiac hemmorrhages
204
What is African horse sickness fever
mild form
few episodes of fever
DONKEY and ZEBRAS - prolonged virmea spreading to horses
205
what is the mixed form of African horse sickness
pulmonary and cardiac forms together
206
Clinical signs of acute pulmonary African horse fever
acute course of illness
dyspena, frothy exudate from nostrils
hydrothorax
pulmonary edema
207
clinical signs of sub acute cardiac form of African horse sickness
edema in supra-orbital fossa
7-14 days til death
SQ tissue around head with out leg edema
208
What are the clinical signs of sub acute cardiac form African horse fever
Severe hydropericadium
| hemorrhages on the epicardial and endocardial surfaces
209
How is African horse sickness diagnosed
virus or viral antigen detection using isolation or TR_PCR
| Serologic assays - ELSIA,AGID, IFA, CF
210
Why are serologic test not useful in diagnosing peracture and acute forms of African horses fever
horses dies before their is an antibody response
211
How is African horse sickness controlled
eradication in free areas
| Vaccination in endemic areas
212
What is a naked icosahedral circular ds_DNA genome
Papillomaviridae
213
what virus infects epithelial cells of the skin or mucous membrane
papillomaviridae
214
what virus usually cases warts in young animals
papillomaviridae
215
T or F Papilloma Viruses are Zoonotic
FALSE - they are host specific
216
What is the gross lesion of papilloma virus
Common- wart of papilloma
| Rare - neoplasia
217
What is the pathogenesis of papillomarvirus
exposure to virus and infection in skin or mucous surface
non-productive infection in basal cells
productive infection in upper differentiated epithelial cells
218
What pap virus causes fibropapillomas in cattle
1, 2, 3
219
What pap virus causes Equine sarcoid
1 & 2
220
What pap virus causes squamous cell carcinoma
2,4,5
221
what pap viruses cause papillomas in skin
4,5,6,9,10
222
What pap virus cause alimentary papillomas
4
223
what pap virus causes pap on udder
5
224
What problems do warts cause
abraded then bleeding
subject to fly strike
interfere with breeding and milking
co-carcinogens in cattle ingesting braken fern leading to squamous cell carcinoma
225
What is the Dx for bovine papilloma virus
gross appearance
| PCR can be done to determine type
226
Types of bovine pap virus
cutaneous
| Esophageal
227
What is a locally aggressive, non-metastatic fibroblastic skin tumor of young horses mules and donkeys
Equine Sarcoid
228
What horses are genetically disposed to equine sarcoid
Arabians
Appaloosas
QH
229
Sarcoids develop usually 6-8 months after what?
skin was traumatized or after a wound had healed
| castration is a risk factor
230
T or F Equine sarcoids regress with age
FALSE - they do not
231
What is the appearance of a verrucous sarcoid
small - wart-like growth
232
What is the appearance of a fibroblastic equine sarcoid
range from a fibrous nodule in dermis to an ulcerated mass
233
What is the apperance of an occult equine sarcoid
Slow growing type that appears as a thickened area of skin with a roughened surface
234
What does equine papilloma cause
cutaneous warts on the muzzle lips and nose of young horses
| aural flat warts in ears of horses
235
T or F Equine Papilloma will regree with time
TRUe
236
What is type 1 canine pap virus
oral pap will regress on its on in young dogs
237
What pap viruses cause skin warts in older dogs
2,3, & 4
238
Where does the large dsDNA pox virus replicate
Cytoplasm
239
What are the 2 infectious particles of pox
Intracellular mature virus
| Extracellular enveloped virus
240
What do pox virus cause
epitheliotropic so they infect epidermis and cause skin lesions some systemic disease
241
Is pox virus stable in the environment
YES hardy and can last for years in the dust
242
T or F you need good CMI for protection from pox virus
TRUE - antibodies are poorly protective
243
what is the source of pox infection for a navie host
virus shed in scabs in pastures, stalls, or corrals
244
WHat are the classic lessions for pox virus
Pock
| Viroplasms
245
What are the diagnostic test for pox virus
Electron microscopy - to find virons
PCR
Cultivation in cell cultures, pock lesions in embryonating eggs
inclusions on histology - viroplasmas
Serologic screening test - serum neutralization (ELISA)
246
What are the 2 pox viruses that are zoonotic
Orthopox
| Parapox
247
What are the capripox FAD
sheeppox
Goatpox
Lumpy skin
248
how is sheep and goat pox transmitted
aerosol
abraded skin
fomites
249
how is lumpy skin transmitted
arthropod bite (flies, midges, mosquitos)
250
What is the source of Capripox
```
Saliva
respiratory secretions
milk
urine
feces
skin lesions
```
251
Pathogenesis of capripox
incoulated by virus
replication in lymphoid tissue
leukocyte - associated virema
dissemination of keratinocytes, epi, endothelial,
252
where does dessemination occur with sheep & goat pox
pneumonia pock mucosal lessions
253
where does dessimeniation occur with lumpy skin disease
dermal subdermal granulomas
254
The inverted conical area of necrosis in lumpy skin lesion is called
sit - fast
255
What is sheepox mortality
80-100% death in lambs
| 50% in adults
256
What cases economic losses with sheepox
decreased milk, meat,
wool and hide damage
inability to transport
257
what is control method of capripox
eradication
| vaccination with attenuated vaccines
258
What vaccine was used to vaccinate for small pox
Orthopox virus - Vaccinia virus
| Cowpox by Edward Jenner
259
What has Vaccinia virus been used in research
vector for oral rabies vaccine
| recombinant DNA research to insert foreign DNA sequences into genome
260
When humans were vaccinated with Orthopox Vaccina what disease did it cause
swinepox
261
Cowpox hosts
```
cows
humans
feilds
anteaters
Rodents - Reservior
```
262
how is cowpox directly transmitted
```
Rodent = cat
Cat = cat
Cat = human
cow = cow during milking
```
263
Cowpox lesions on cats
fever
ulcerated skin nodules
pneumonia
264
cowpox lesions on cows
udder and teat ulcers and vesicles
265
cowpox lesions on humans
pock on face or hands
266
Hosts of monkeypox
African rodents are reservoir host
| squirrels, nonhuman primates, humans
267
what pox outbreak occured in 2003 in 5 states
MONKEY - bc Prairie dogs (25% vet persons)
| before then was only in rain forest of central and west Africa
268
What was transmission circle in 2003 monkeypox
gambian pouched rat
paririe dog
humans
269
What is clinical signs of monkeypox in humans
fever
swollen lymph nodes
blister rash on skin
similar to small pox
270
What is clinical signs of monkeypox in pocket pets
cough or pneumonia
eye and nose discharge
large L nodes
skin bumps or rash
271
What causes smallpox
Variola virus an Orthopox
272
What is the most common zoonoses
Contagious pustular dermatitis Virus (ORF)
273
WHo are the host for ORF
sheep
goats
humans
274
Short term immunity problems with ORF
adults are re-infected and shed virus for a long time
| lambs are not protected with cloistral antibodies
275
Orf in humans
painful
| slow - healing nodules on the hands arms and face
276
How is Orf controlled
autogenoues vaccination of ewes prior to lambing which is where most human exposure occurs
277
What lesions occur in bovine papular stomatitis virus
papules on muzzle inside nostrils and on buccal mucosa
| Nodules on hands of humans spread by milking
278
What is pseudocowpox
endemic in many herds with only 10% clinical signs (horseshoe shapped red lesion on teats)
279
Pseudocowpox zoonoses
milkers nodule on hand or face
280
What does leporipoxvirus in rabbits causes
mxyoma virus - lethal in europen rabbits, endemic in wild rabbits
fibroma virus - endemic wild, cutanous fibromas
281
What does myxoma virus cause
myxomatosis in europen rabbits swelling all over
conjunctivities
high mortality and morbidity
282
What is used to diagnose Myxoma
PCR
| attenuated vaccines
283
Rabbit Fibroma Virus
benign skin tumors
transmitted by mosquitoes
common skin tumor in pet rabbits
284
What is the mechanical vector for swinepox
Hematopinus - hog louse
| mangement - vector control
285
What type of virus is Bovine herpes 2 Bovine ulcerative mammilitis
alpha-herpes
| enveloped iscoshderal DNA virus
286
where does bovine herpes 2 establish latency
sensory neurons
287
how is bovine ulcerative mammilitis diagnosed
virus isolation for active infection
| serum neutralization for recent infection
