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NPTE Prep > Virtual Class Topics 1-10 > Flashcards

Virtual Class Topics 1-10 Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate and what are the nerve roots

A

MAFIA
Medial lumbercles
Actions of pinky, not ext
FDP, FCU
Interossei
AdPol, FPolBrev
C7-T1

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2
Q

What muscles does the radial nerve innervate and what is the nerve root

A

BEAST
Brachioradialis
Extensors
AbPolLong, anconeus
Supinator
Triceps
C5-T1

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3
Q

What muscles does the median nerve innervate and what are the nerve roots

A

LOAF
Lumbercles 1,2
O - ProQ, ProT, PLong
Actions of thumb FPL, FPB, AbPB, OpP
F - FCR, FDS, FDP
C5-T1

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4
Q

As a general rule do you want to stretch or strengthen first

A

Stretch

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5
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics of the CMC joint

A

Flex / Ext = Same
Abd / Add = Opposite

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6
Q

Describe the rule 6-6 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 months

A

Refers to post opperative goals
First six weeks - protective
Second 6 weeks - active/ mild protective
3 months to 6 months - ADL based activities

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7
Q

In open chain, which direction will the tibia rotate to lock

A

Tibia in Open chain will Laterally rotate to Lock the knee

TOLL

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8
Q

Describe the difference between active and passive insuficiency

A

Active - inability of two joint muscle to shorten simultaneously at both joints - muscle does not want to contract - same as intended motion (when a muscle is trying to do its thing but cannot)

Passive - the inability of a two joint muscle to lengthen simultaneously at both joints - muscle does not want to lengthen - opposite of intended motion (when a muscle is unable to limit a motion)

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9
Q

Describe femoral anteverion / retroversion and what is considered normal

A

Normal 8-14 anteversion
> 14, excessive anteverion, causes toe in
< 8, retroversion, causes toe out

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10
Q

What are the BP guidelines

A

Normal - 120/80
Elevated - 120-129 and still less than 80
Stage 1 - 130-139 or 80-89
Stage 2 - 140 or 90
Hypertensive crisis: Systolic over 180, Diastolic over 120

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11
Q

How does the nervous system regulate the heart

A

Parasympathetic system - decreases heart rate: Vagus nerve
Sympathetic system - increases heart rate: Sympathetic trunks

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12
Q

What is rate pressure product and what does it measure

A

HR x SBP
Oxygen demand of the heart

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13
Q

How does altitude affect HR, BP, CO and SV initially and then after 3 weeks

A

HR - Increases, Increases (remains elevated)
BP - Increases, Normal (returns to normal)
CO - Increases, Normal (returns to normal)
SV - no change, Decreases

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14
Q

How does aquatic therapy affect cardiovascular markers

A

HR - Decreased
BP - Decreased
VC - Decreased
Weight bearing - Decreased
Edema - Decreases
SV - Increased
CO - Increased
Work to breath Increased

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15
Q

What happens if the frontal lobe is damaged

A

A Brilliant CEO
A - apraxia
B - broca aphasia
C - control of movement impaired
E - emotion
O - olfaction

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16
Q

What happends when there is damage to the occcipotal lobe

A

Oc-see-pital lobe
Visual defecits

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17
Q

What happens if there is damage to the parietal lobe

A

Perceptual disorders (neglect)

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18
Q

What happens if there is damage to the temporal lobe

A

WHaT
Wernicke aphasia
Hearing loss
Temporal lobe

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19
Q

Name the cranial nerves

A

Olfactory
Optic
Occulomotor
Trochlear
Trigemonal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulochochlear
Glossopjaryngeal
Vagus
Spinal acessory
Hypoglossal

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20
Q

Describe CN 1

A

Olfactory
Type: sensory
Function: Sense of smell
Affected: Anosmia

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21
Q

Describe CN 2

A

Type: Sensory
Function: Vision, color, acuity, peripheral vision
Affected: Blindness, myopia (short sightedness), presbyopia (farsightedness)

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22
Q

Describe the pupillary light reflex

A

Reflex to protect the eyes from noxious light stimulus
Normal: Both pupils will constrict via CN3
Sensory component - CN2, sends signal
Motor component - CN3, constricts pupils

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23
Q

Describe CN 3

A

Occulomotor
Type: Motor
Function: Moves eyeballs, opens eyelids, constricts pupils
(Eyes up, down, in, and up and in)
Affected: Lateral strabismus, ptosis (drooping eyelid), dilation of pupils

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24
Q

Which CN opens eyes and wihich cranial nerve closes them

A

CN 3: Opens
CN7: Closes
The restaurant “opens” at 3 “closes” at 7

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25
Q

Describe CN 4

A

Trochlear
Type: Motor
Function: Look down and in
Affected: Inability to look down and in

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26
Q

Describe CN 5

A

Trigemonal
Type: Mixed
Function: Sensation to face, Muscles of mastication, Corneal reflex - afferent, Sensation to anterior tongue, Dampens sounds

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27
Q

Describe the corneal reflex

A

Closes eyelid when cornea touched
CN 5: Afferent
CN 7: Efferent

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28
Q

Describe CN 6

A

Abducens
Type: Motor
Function: Abduct the eyes, look laterally
Affected: Medial strabismus

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29
Q

Describe CN 7

A

Facial
Type: Mixed
Function: Muscles of the face, Corneal reflex - efferent, Closes eye lid, Taste to anterior 2/3 tongue, Dampens sounds

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30
Q

Describe CN 8

A

Vestibulochochlear
Type: Sensory
Function: Balance, Hearing
Affected: Conductive hearing loss (External structures), Sensorineural hearing loss (Inner ear affected)

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31
Q

Describe CN 8 testing

A

Rinne test - determines type of hearing loss
Tuning fork placed on mastoid process wait until pt can no longer hear ir
Then place in front of ear
If sound is heard: AC>BC = SN loss
If sound is not heard: BC>AC = Con loss

Weber - determines side of hearing loss
Tuning fork placed on sagittal suture
Normal - equally loud on each side
If SN loss, loud side = normal side
If Con loss, loud side = affected side
CANS

32
Q

Describe CN 9

A

Glossopharyngeal
Type: Mixed
Function: Posterior tongue sensation and taste
Gag reflex - afferent
Initiates gag reflex

33
Q

Describe CN 10

A

Vagus
Type: Mixed
Function: Gag reflex - efferent
Moves uvula
Nerve pulls uvula to ipsilateral side

34
Q

Desdcribe CN 11

A

Spinal Accessory
Uper traps

35
Q

Describe CN 12

A

Hypoglossal
Tongue movements
Lick your Lesion”
Tongue will deviate toward damaged CN 12

36
Q

Describe the motor and sensory supply to the tongue

A

Ant 2/3
Taste: 7
Sensation: 5

Posterior 1/3
Taste and sensation: 9

Motor function: 12

37
Q

What is needed to share medical information

A

POA
Writen consent

38
Q

What are the core values of PT

A

Altruism
Patient autonomy
Professional judgement
Beneficence

39
Q

How many ML is tidal volume

A

roughly 500

40
Q

How much larger should IRV, ERV and RV be compared to TV

A

IRV: 5-6 times
ERV: 2-3 times
RV: 2-3 times

41
Q

How do obstructive lung diseases affect lung volumes

A

TV, RV, FRC, TLC increase
Everything else decreases

42
Q

How do restrictive lung diseases affect lung volumes

A

Everything decreases

43
Q

Name some obstructive lung diseases

A

ABCbCfE
Asthma
Bronchiectasis
Chronic bronchitis
Cystic fibrosis
Emphysema

44
Q

What is the most common restrictive lung disease

A

Idiopathic lung fibrosis

45
Q

Describe normal breath sounds

A

Vesicular, most of lungs
Bronchiovesicular
Bronchial, manubrium
Tracheal, trachea in neck
Louder, higher pitch, less difuse

46
Q

Describe Rhonchi

A

Resembles snoring

47
Q

Describe wheeze

A

High pitched whistling
Caused by obstruction

48
Q

Describe Crackles

A

Poping sounds
Common with edema and CHF

49
Q

Describe pleural rub

A

Sounds like sandpaper rubing together
Indicates pleural inflammation

50
Q

Describe Bronchophony, egophony and whispered pectriloqy

A

Bronchophony: Increased vocal resonance with greater clarity than normal, Say 99
Egophony: Type of bronchophony in which the spoken E sound changes to an A sound
Whispered pectoriloquy: Increased loudness of whispering

51
Q

What are some relevant quality control agencies you should be aware of

A

JHAKO - hospitals
CARF - rehab facilities
CMS - determines reimbursement
OSHA - Worker safety

52
Q

Describe airborn infection PPE and what are some diseases

A

N-95 mask
Gown and gloves if severe

MTV
Measles
TB
Varicella

53
Q

What is contact precaution PPE

A

Gloves and gown

54
Q

What is droplet precaution PPE

A

Mask

55
Q

What are some CPR guidelines

A

100-120 compressions per minute
Compress chest to 2 inches
Minimize pauses between chest compressions

56
Q

What is the correct way to don / doff PPE

A

Doffing PPE
Doff in alphabetical order
Gloves, goggles, gown, mask

Donning PPE
From down up, gloves last
Gown, mask, goggles gloves

57
Q

Describe a hickman catheter

A

Hickman catheter
Provides antibiotics, nutrition, and blood samples

58
Q

What is a swan ganz catheter

A

Device that is inserted through the internal jugular vein or femoral vein into the pulmonary artery to monitor blood flow and the function of the heart

59
Q

What is a central venous presure catheter

A

Central venous pressure catheter
Measures blood pressure in right atria and superior vena cava

60
Q

What is a chest drainage tube

A

Chest drainage tubes
Removes air, blood, and other drainage from chest cavity

61
Q

How does muscle tightness and weakness affect gait

A

Tightness will cause a decrease in ROM in opposite motion
Weakness will cause decrease in ROM in the same direction

62
Q

How do tight hip flexors affect gait

A

Smaller opposite step length
Anterior pelvic tilt
Terminal stance decreased on ipsilateral side
Early toe off
Lumbar lordosis

63
Q

How do weak hip flexors affect gait

A

Step length on same side shorter
Circumduction
Hip hike

64
Q

Describe trunk lean and gait

A

The trunk will lean toward weak muscles when in stance phase
The trunk will lean away from the weak muscles when in swing

65
Q

How does prosthetic socket depth affect gait

A

Socket too shallow:
Presents like weak muscles
Low anterior wall mimics weak quads

Socket too deep:
Similar to tight muscles
High anterior wall mimics tight hip flexors

66
Q

What are the pressure tolerant areas around the knee

A

Patellar tendon
Medial tibial plateau
Tibial and fibular shafts
Distal limb

67
Q

What are the pressure intolerant areas around the knee

A

Anterior tibia
Anterior tibial crest
Fibular head and neck
Fibular nerve

68
Q

What drains into the R and L lymphatic ducts

A

R: R of face and neck, R arm, R of torso
L: Everything else

69
Q

Describe primary vs secondary lymphedema

A

Primary
Congenital deformity

Secondary
Damage or dysfunction of the lymphatic system

70
Q

Describe edema grading

A

1+ Mild: < ¼ inch
2+ Moderate: .25-.5 inch, Less than 15 seconds
3+ Severe: .5-1 inch, 15-30 seconds
4+ Very severe: More than 1 inch, More than 30 sec

71
Q

Describe lipedema

A

Bilateral condition swelling affecting the lower extremities
Pathological fat accumulation
No specific cause, congenital
Ankel and feet spared
Painful to touch
Stemmer sign negative

72
Q

Describe the decongestive therapy stages for lipedema

A

Phase 1
MLD
Multi Layer compression bandages, day and night, low stretch bandages in phase 1
Skin and nail care
Exercise

Phase 2
Self MLD by pt
Compression therapy: Compression garments during the day, multi layer bandages in the evening
Skin and nail care
Exercise: AROM, ROM, Gentle stretching, aerobic exercise, proximal to distal exercises

73
Q

Describe how the hip extensors and flexors can affect step length

A

Hip flexor tightness / hip extensor weakness
Opposite step length decreases
Hip extensor tightness / hip flexor weakness
Same side step length decreases

74
Q
A
75
Q
A

NPTE Prep (6 decks)

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