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NPTE Prep > Virtual Class Topics 1-10 > Flashcards

Virtual Class Topics 1-10 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate and what are the nerve roots

A

MAFIA
Medial lumbercles
Actions of pinky, not ext
FDP, FCU
Interossei
AdPol, FPolBrev
C7-T1

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2
Q

What muscles does the radial nerve innervate and what is the nerve root

A

BEAST
Brachioradialis
Extensors
AbPolLong, anconeus
Supinator
Triceps
C5-T1

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3
Q

What muscles does the median nerve innervate and what are the nerve roots

A

LOAF
Lumbercles 1,2
O - ProQ, ProT, PLong
Actions of thumb FPL, FPB, AbPB, OpP
F - FCR, FDS, FDP
C5-T1

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4
Q

As a general rule do you want to stretch or strengthen first

A

Stretch

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5
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics of the CMC joint

A

Flex / Ext = Same
Abd / Add = Opposite

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6
Q

Describe the rule 6-6 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 months

A

Refers to post opperative goals
First six weeks - protective
Second 6 weeks - active/ mild protective
3 months to 6 months - ADL based activities

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7
Q

In open chain, which direction will the tibia rotate to lock

A

Tibia in Open chain will Laterally rotate to Lock the knee

TOLL

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8
Q

Describe the difference between active and passive insuficiency

A

Active - inability of two joint muscle to shorten simultaneously at both joints - muscle does not want to contract - same as intended motion (when a muscle is trying to do its thing but cannot)

Passive - the inability of a two joint muscle to lengthen simultaneously at both joints - muscle does not want to lengthen - opposite of intended motion (when a muscle is unable to limit a motion)

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9
Q

Describe femoral anteverion / retroversion and what is considered normal

A

Normal 8-14 anteversion
> 14, excessive anteverion, causes toe in
< 8, retroversion, causes toe out

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10
Q

What are the BP guidelines

A

Normal - 120/80
Elevated - 120-129 and still less than 80
Stage 1 - 130-139 or 80-89
Stage 2 - 140 or 90
Hypertensive crisis: Systolic over 180, Diastolic over 120

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11
Q

How does the nervous system regulate the heart

A

Parasympathetic system - decreases heart rate: Vagus nerve
Sympathetic system - increases heart rate: Sympathetic trunks

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12
Q

What is rate pressure product and what does it measure

A

HR x SBP
Oxygen demand of the heart

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13
Q

How does altitude affect HR, BP, CO and SV initially and then after 3 weeks

A

HR - Increases, Increases (remains elevated)
BP - Increases, Normal (returns to normal)
CO - Increases, Normal (returns to normal)
SV - no change, Decreases

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14
Q

How does aquatic therapy affect cardiovascular markers

A

HR - Decreased
BP - Decreased
VC - Decreased
Weight bearing - Decreased
Edema - Decreases
SV - Increased
CO - Increased
Work to breath Increased

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15
Q

What happens if the frontal lobe is damaged

A

A Brilliant CEO
A - apraxia
B - broca aphasia
C - control of movement impaired
E - emotion
O - olfaction

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16
Q

What happends when there is damage to the occcipotal lobe

A

Oc-see-pital lobe
Visual defecits

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17
Q

What happens if there is damage to the parietal lobe

A

Perceptual disorders (neglect)

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18
Q

What happens if there is damage to the temporal lobe

A

WHaT
Wernicke aphasia
Hearing loss
Temporal lobe

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19
Q

Name the cranial nerves

A

Olfactory
Optic
Occulomotor
Trochlear
Trigemonal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulochochlear
Glossopjaryngeal
Vagus
Spinal acessory
Hypoglossal

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20
Q

Describe CN 1

A

Olfactory
Type: sensory
Function: Sense of smell
Affected: Anosmia

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21
Q

Describe CN 2

A

Type: Sensory
Function: Vision, color, acuity, peripheral vision
Affected: Blindness, myopia (short sightedness), presbyopia (farsightedness)

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22
Q

Describe the pupillary light reflex

A

Reflex to protect the eyes from noxious light stimulus
Normal: Both pupils will constrict via CN3
Sensory component - CN2, sends signal
Motor component - CN3, constricts pupils

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23
Q

Describe CN 3

A

Occulomotor
Type: Motor
Function: Moves eyeballs, opens eyelids, constricts pupils
(Eyes up, down, in, and up and in)
Affected: Lateral strabismus, ptosis (drooping eyelid), dilation of pupils

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24
Q

Which CN opens eyes and wihich cranial nerve closes them

A

CN 3: Opens
CN7: Closes
The restaurant “opens” at 3 “closes” at 7

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25
Describe CN 4
Trochlear Type: Motor Function: Look down and in Affected: Inability to look down and in
26
Describe CN 5
Trigemonal Type: Mixed Function: Sensation to face, Muscles of mastication, Corneal reflex - afferent, Sensation to anterior tongue, Dampens sounds
27
Describe the corneal reflex
Closes eyelid when cornea touched CN 5: Afferent CN 7: Efferent
28
Describe CN 6
Abducens Type: Motor Function: Abduct the eyes, look laterally Affected: Medial strabismus
29
Describe CN 7
Facial Type: Mixed Function: Muscles of the face, Corneal reflex - efferent, Closes eye lid, Taste to anterior 2/3 tongue, Dampens sounds
30
Describe CN 8
Vestibulochochlear Type: Sensory Function: Balance, Hearing Affected: Conductive hearing loss (External structures), Sensorineural hearing loss (Inner ear affected)
31
Describe CN 8 testing
Rinne test - determines type of hearing loss Tuning fork placed on mastoid process wait until pt can no longer hear ir Then place in front of ear If sound is heard: AC>BC = SN loss If sound is not heard: BC>AC = Con loss Weber - determines side of hearing loss Tuning fork placed on sagittal suture Normal - equally loud on each side If SN loss, loud side = normal side If Con loss, loud side = affected side CANS
32
Describe CN 9
Glossopharyngeal Type: Mixed Function: Posterior tongue sensation and taste Gag reflex - afferent Initiates gag reflex
33
Describe CN 10
Vagus Type: Mixed Function: Gag reflex - efferent Moves uvula Nerve pulls uvula to ipsilateral side
34
Desdcribe CN 11
Spinal Accessory Uper traps
35
Describe CN 12
Hypoglossal Tongue movements Lick your Lesion” Tongue will deviate toward damaged CN 12
36
Describe the motor and sensory supply to the tongue
Ant 2/3 Taste: 7 Sensation: 5 Posterior 1/3 Taste and sensation: 9 Motor function: 12
37
What is needed to share medical information
POA Writen consent
38
What are the core values of PT
Altruism Patient autonomy Professional judgement Beneficence
39
How many ML is tidal volume
roughly 500
40
How much larger should IRV, ERV and RV be compared to TV
IRV: 5-6 times ERV: 2-3 times RV: 2-3 times
41
How do obstructive lung diseases affect lung volumes
TV, RV, FRC, TLC increase Everything else decreases
42
How do restrictive lung diseases affect lung volumes
Everything decreases
43
Name some obstructive lung diseases
ABCbCfE Asthma Bronchiectasis Chronic bronchitis Cystic fibrosis Emphysema
44
What is the most common restrictive lung disease
Idiopathic lung fibrosis
45
Describe normal breath sounds
Vesicular, most of lungs Bronchiovesicular Bronchial, manubrium Tracheal, trachea in neck Louder, higher pitch, less difuse
46
Describe Rhonchi
Resembles snoring
47
Describe wheeze
High pitched whistling Caused by obstruction
48
Describe Crackles
Poping sounds Common with edema and CHF
49
Describe pleural rub
Sounds like sandpaper rubing together Indicates pleural inflammation
50
Describe Bronchophony, egophony and whispered pectriloqy
Bronchophony: Increased vocal resonance with greater clarity than normal, Say 99 Egophony: Type of bronchophony in which the spoken E sound changes to an A sound Whispered pectoriloquy: Increased loudness of whispering
51
What are some relevant quality control agencies you should be aware of
JHAKO - hospitals CARF - rehab facilities CMS - determines reimbursement OSHA - Worker safety
52
Describe airborn infection PPE and what are some diseases
N-95 mask Gown and gloves if severe MTV Measles TB Varicella
53
What is contact precaution PPE
Gloves and gown
54
What is droplet precaution PPE
Mask
55
What are some CPR guidelines
100-120 compressions per minute Compress chest to 2 inches Minimize pauses between chest compressions
56
What is the correct way to don / doff PPE
Doffing PPE Doff in alphabetical order Gloves, goggles, gown, mask Donning PPE From down up, gloves last Gown, mask, goggles gloves
57
Describe a hickman catheter
Hickman catheter Provides antibiotics, nutrition, and blood samples
58
What is a swan ganz catheter
Device that is inserted through the internal jugular vein or femoral vein into the pulmonary artery to monitor blood flow and the function of the heart
59
What is a central venous presure catheter
Central venous pressure catheter Measures blood pressure in right atria and superior vena cava
60
What is a chest drainage tube
Chest drainage tubes Removes air, blood, and other drainage from chest cavity
61
How does muscle tightness and weakness affect gait
Tightness will cause a decrease in ROM in opposite motion Weakness will cause decrease in ROM in the same direction
62
How do tight hip flexors affect gait
Smaller opposite step length Anterior pelvic tilt Terminal stance decreased on ipsilateral side Early toe off Lumbar lordosis
63
How do weak hip flexors affect gait
Step length on same side shorter Circumduction Hip hike
64
Describe trunk lean and gait
The trunk will lean toward weak muscles when in stance phase The trunk will lean away from the weak muscles when in swing
65
How does prosthetic socket depth affect gait
Socket too shallow: Presents like weak muscles Low anterior wall mimics weak quads Socket too deep: Similar to tight muscles High anterior wall mimics tight hip flexors
66
What are the pressure tolerant areas around the knee
Patellar tendon Medial tibial plateau Tibial and fibular shafts Distal limb
67
What are the pressure intolerant areas around the knee
Anterior tibia Anterior tibial crest Fibular head and neck Fibular nerve
68
What drains into the R and L lymphatic ducts
R: R of face and neck, R arm, R of torso L: Everything else
69
Describe primary vs secondary lymphedema
Primary Congenital deformity Secondary Damage or dysfunction of the lymphatic system
70
Describe edema grading
1+ Mild: < ¼ inch 2+ Moderate: .25-.5 inch, Less than 15 seconds 3+ Severe: .5-1 inch, 15-30 seconds 4+ Very severe: More than 1 inch, More than 30 sec
71
Describe lipedema
Bilateral condition swelling affecting the lower extremities Pathological fat accumulation No specific cause, congenital Ankel and feet spared Painful to touch Stemmer sign negative
72
Describe the decongestive therapy stages for lipedema
Phase 1 MLD Multi Layer compression bandages, day and night, low stretch bandages in phase 1 Skin and nail care Exercise Phase 2 Self MLD by pt Compression therapy: Compression garments during the day, multi layer bandages in the evening Skin and nail care Exercise: AROM, ROM, Gentle stretching, aerobic exercise, proximal to distal exercises
73
Describe how the hip extensors and flexors can affect step length
Hip flexor tightness / hip extensor weakness Opposite step length decreases Hip extensor tightness / hip flexor weakness Same side step length decreases
74
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