virus structure, classification, and reproduction

Question 1

virus

Answer 1

genetic element that cannot replicate independently of a living (host) cell

Question 2

virion (virus particle)

Answer 2

extracellular form of a virus
- facilitate cell-cell and host-host transmission

Question 3

replication/ reproduction of viruses

Answer 3

occurs only upon infection (entry into the host cell)

Question 4

virulent infection

Answer 4

replicates and destroys host (lysis of host cell)
- activated by stress

Question 5

lysogenic infection

Answer 5

host cell genetically altered because viral genome becomes part of the host genome

Question 6

capsid

Answer 6

protein shell that surrounds the genome of a virion
- self-assembly or require a host cell for folding assistance

Question 7

naked viruses

Answer 7

have no other layers

Question 8

enveloped viruses

Answer 8

have an outer phospholipid bilayer and viral proteins

Question 9

capsomere

Answer 9

individual proteins arranged in a precise and highly repetitive pattern around the nucleic acid making up the capsid

Question 10

helical symmetry

Answer 10

rod shaped virus

Question 11

icosahedral symmetry

Answer 11

spherical viruses

Question 12

lysosome

Answer 12

allow nucleic acid entry and release new virions

Question 13

neuraminidase

Answer 13

destroy glycoproteins and glycolipids
- allows liberation of viruses from cells

Question 14

RNA replicase

Answer 14

RNA dependent RNA polymerase

Question 15

Reverse transcriptase

Answer 15

RNA dependent DNA polymerase in retroviruses

Question 16

prokarytic virus

Answer 16

only nucleic acid enters a cell

Question 17

eukaryotic virus

Answer 17

entire virion enters a cell

Question 18

phases of viral replication in a permissive (supportive) host

Answer 18

1) attachment of the virion
2) penetration of the virion
3) synthesis of viral nucleic acids and protein by host cell as redirected by virus
4) assembly of capsids and 4.5) packaging of viral genomes into new virions
5) release of mature virions from host cells

APSAPR
already preaching some asinine & problematic reforms
attachment, penetration, synthesis, assembly & packaging, release

Question 19

virus replication is a _____ step growth curve

Answer 19

one

Question 20

when does an increase happen on a one step growth curve

Answer 20

when cells burst

Question 21

virus life cycle: eclipse

Answer 21

genome replicated and proteins translated

Question 22

virus life cycle: maturation

Answer 22

packaging of nucleic acids in capsids

Question 23

virus life cycle: latent period

Answer 23

eclipse + maturation

Question 24

virus life cycle: release

Answer 24

cell lysis, budding, or excretion

Question 25

burst size

Answer 25

number of virions released per infected cell

Question 26

plaque assay

Answer 26

number of plaques (clear zones that develop on lawns of host cells where successful viral infection occurs)

Question 27

temperate virus

Answer 27

replicate their genome in tandem with host genome and without killing host

Question 28

how much of a virion enters the animal cell

Answer 28

all of it

Question 29

site of replication for animal viruses

Answer 29

nucleus

Question 30

DNA viruses replicate in the

Answer 30

nucleus

Question 31

RNA viruses replicate in the

Answer 31

cytoplasm

Question 32

retroviruses viruses replicate in the

Answer 32

nucleus

Question 33

transformation

Answer 33

conversion of normal cell into tumor cell

Question 34

CPE

Answer 34

any visible change in appearance of an infected cell

Question 35

most human tumors/cancers (are/are not) caused by viruses

Answer 35

NOT