Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > VIRUSES > Flashcards

VIRUSES Flashcards

(88 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Basic life forms composed of a protein coat.

A

Capsid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Viruses are classified as

A

DNA or RNA viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 types of RNA for our virus:

A

POSITIVE (+) STRANDED
NEGATIVE (-) STRANDED
RNA of the retroviruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Negative (-) strand of RNA viruses must carry , in their capsid, and enzyme which will carry out the transcription of the negative (-) strand into positive (-).

A

RNA - dependent RNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

One special RNA virus deserves mention of which the HN virus is a member.

A

Retrovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Viruses carry a unique enzyme

A

Reverse transcriptae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Two types of capsids

A

Icosahedral and helical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Take 1 or more polypeptide chains and organize them into a globular protein subunit. The building block of our structure.

A

Capsomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Viruses that do not have membranes referred as

A

Naked or nonenveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Those with membrane are referred as:

A

Enveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Viruses are classified according to their:

A

Nucleic acid
Capsid
Enveloped
Size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DNA Viruses sometimes referred as the HHAPPPy viruses:

A 
H-erpes
H-epadna
A-deno
P-apova
P-arvo
P-ox
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most DNA viruses are double stranded, show icosahedral symmetry, and replicate in the nucleus (where customarily replicates)

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two DNA viruses break these rules:

A

Parvoviridae

Poxviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This virus is so simple that it only has a single strand of DNA. It is as simple as playing a ONE PAIR hole in golf.

A

Parvoviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This virus is at the opposite end of the spectrum and is extremely comples.

A

Poxviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Three of the DNA viruses have envelopes:

A

HERPES
HEPADNA
POX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Three are naked: A woman must be naked for the PAP smear exam.

A

PAPova
Adeno
PArvo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Double stranded RNA viruses

A

Reoviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nonenveloped RNA viruses

A

Picorna, Calici and Reviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Have icosahedral symmetry RNA viruses

A

Reo, Picorn, Toga, Flavi and Calici

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Has helical symmetry but shaped like a bullet

A

Rhabdo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Two undergo replication in the nucleus

A

Retro Orthomyxo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In order for viruses to reproduce, they must complete these 4 steps:

A
  1. Adsorption and penetration.
  2. Uncoating of the virus.
  3. Synthesis and assembly of viral products.
  4. Release of virions from the host cell.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Released from the capsid into the nucleus or cytoplasm.
Nucleic acid
26
The RNA viruses usually undergo in the cytoplasm:
Tanscription, Translation and Replication
27
These viruses do not carry and RNA dependent RNA polymerase because they are read by the host directly.
Positive stranded RNA
28
The virus uncoats, releases a virion associated RNA polymerase, and must first transcribe the negative strand to a positive strand.
Negative stranded RNA virus
29
Acts like mRNA and undergoes both transcription and translation.
Positive strand
30
The cell may lyse and release the virions, or the virions may be released by reverse by reverse phagocytosis.
Naked virions
31
The newly formed naked virion acquires its new "clothing" by budding through the Golgi apparatus, nuclear membrane, or cytoplasmic membrane, tearing off a piece of host cell lipid bilayer as it exits.
Enveloped virions
32
With the viral infection., the host cell's own function shuts down as the cell is commandeered for virion replication. This can result in cell death.
Death
33
The virus can survive in a sleeping state, surviving but not producing clinically overt infection. Various infect can result in viral infection.
Latent infection
34
Some viruses will cause disease only after many years, often decades, of indolent infection.
Chronic slow infection
35
2 distinct types of glycoprotein
Hemagglutinin Activity and Neuraminidase Activity
36
Anchoring the bases of each of these spikes on the inside of the viral lipid bilayer.
Membrane Proteins
37
Important component of mucin, the substance covering mucosal epithelial cells and forming an integral part of the host's upper respiratory defense barrier.
Neuraminidase
38
3 types of influenza virus
A, B, and C
39
Infects humans, other mammals (swine, etc.), and birds.
Type A
40
Only been isolated from humans.
Type B and C.
41
During viral replication mutations can occur in the HA or NA, leading to changes in the antigenic nature of these glycoproteins.
Antigenic Drift
42
Shifting gears. We are taking the boat mentioned above and airlifting it to a mountain in the Himalayas.
Antigenic Shift
43
Virus in the pandemic of 1889
H2 hemagglutinin
44
Virus in 1900
H3 hemagglutinin
45
Swine flu virus transferred its HA to a human virus called.
Hswine hemagglutinin
46
1947
H1N1
47
1989
H2N2
48
1900
H3N2
49
1918 ''SPANISH FLU"
H1N1
50
1957
H2N2 "ASIAN FLU"
51
1968
H3N2 "HONGKONG FLU"
52
1997; new strain of avian influenza was transmitted from infected poultry to humans in Hongkong
Influenza A, H5N1
53
Contained supercharged HA similar to that in the 1918 pandemic that killed over 20 million people.
Avian flu virus
54
Enabled the virus to kill almost half of the people who became infected. The virus was poorly transmissible to humans, and was controlled by destroying the poultry in Hongkong.
Supercharged HA
55
Children given aspirin when they have influenza or varicella can develop a severe liver and brain disease called.
Reye's Syndrome
56
Diagnostic tests for influenza fall into 4 broad categories:
Virus Isolation Detection of viral proteins Detection of viral nucleic acid Serological diagnosis
57
Culture of the virus allows genetic and antigenic analysis.
Virus isolation
58
New one hour tests help guide the choice of antiviral agents.
Detection of viral proteins.
59
4 fold increase in specific antibody levels over 2 weeks
Serological weeks
60
Prevent the uncoating of influenza. They can both prevent influenza A infection and can reduce the severity of symptoms.
Amantadine and rimantidine
61
Can shorten the course of influenza A and B.
Sanamavir (inhaled) and Oseltamivir (oral)
62
Not present in the orthomyxoviridae
Fusion protein
63
Syncytial cells similar to those caused by herpesviridae and retroviridae infection
Multinucleated giant cells
64
4 paramyxoviridae that cause human disease:
Parainfluenza virus Respiratory syncytial virus Mumps virus Measles virus
65
All adsorb to and replicate in the upper respiratory tract.
Think lungs
66
Cause lower respiratory infections in children and upper respiratory tract infections in adults.
Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus
67
Most infections occur in children
Think kids
68
The viral infection results in dissemination of virions in the blood to distant sites.
Think viremia
69
Can occur with both mumps and measles.
Brain infection (encephalitis)
70
Can produce local parotid and tests infection.
Mumps
71
Can produce a severe systemic febrile illness
Measles
72
Causes upper respiratory infection in adults ranging from cold symptoms such as rhinitis, pharyngitis and sinus congestion.
Parainfluenza Virus
73
A parainfluenza infection of the larynx and other upper respiratory structure that occurs in children.
Croup
74
Wheezing sound
Stridor
75
Like a seal
Barking cough
76
Caused respiratory infections and contains an F-protein that causes formation of multinucleated giant cells. This virus differs from the rest of its kin by lacking both the HA and NA glycoproteins.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
77
Number one cause of pneumonia in young children, especially in infants less than 6 months of age.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
78
RSV infection can be prevented in a high percentage of cases
palivizumab
79
Monoclonal antibody against RSV that is produced by a recombinant DNA method.
Palivizumab
80
A blood-derived product, available but comes with the risk of transmission of blood borne infections.
Serum RSV immune globulin
81
Replicates in the upper respiratory tract and in regional lymph nodes and spreads via the blood to distant organs.
Mumps virus
82
About 25% of infected males who have reached puberty can develop orchitis. About 3 weeks after initial exposure to mumps virus the parotid gland swells and becomes painful. The testes are also frequently infected.
Mumps virus
83
One antigenic type, and a live attenueted viral vaccine.
Measles Mumps Rubella vacinne
84
Clinical manifestations of measles
Rubeola
85
Highly contagious and spreads through nasopharyngeal secretions by air or by direct contact. Incubation lasts for 2 weeks prior to the development of rash.
Measles Virus
86
A day or 2 before the rash, the patient develops small red-based with centers in the mouth. Think of a cop licking a red white blue lollipop.
Koplik's Spots
87
Red, flat to slightly bumpy. It spreads out from the forehead to the face, neck, and torso, and hits the feet by the third day.
Measles Rash
88
A slow form of encephalitis caused by measles virus
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Microbiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions