Visceral fluke - Paragonimus westermani

Question 1

AKA

Answer 1

Oriental lung fluke

Question 2

Tegument is densely covered with ___________

Answer 2

scale-like spines

Question 3

Oral vs ventral suckers

Answer 3

similar size

Question 4

Two ___________ testes are situated _______

Answer 4

irregularly lobed

posteriorly

Question 5

_________ is _____ to the ___ testis and is connected via oviduct to the uterus

Answer 5

lobed ovary
anterior
right

Question 6

a ______ that lies _____ to the left ____

Answer 6

tightly coiled rosette
anterior
testis

Question 7

Eggs are ____ and have a rather ___________

Answer 7

ovoid

flattened operculum

Question 8

Vitelline follicles are ______ and _______, lying parallel to caeca

Answer 8

extensive

extend bilaterally

Question 9

Ventral sucker is located:

Answer 9

medially between the ovary & uterus

Question 10

Adults live in

Answer 10

the lungs where cross fertilization occurs

Question 11

____ containing _____ are coughed up and expelled with sputum

Answer 11

Eggs

zygotes

Question 12

Other eggs may get trapped in:

Answer 12

the surrounding lung tissue and produce bronchial abscesses

Question 13

some eggs may be _____ with ____, passed through the _____ and expelled with ____

Answer 13

swallowed
sputum
digestive system
feces

Question 14

Once eggs reach water, embryos require ____ in water before ______.

Answer 14

> 2 wk

miracidium’s development is complete

Question 15

Miracidium must encounter & enter a snail host within ____

Answer 15

24 hours

Question 16

Inside the snail, ____ and _____ generations are produced in the ______, which in turn develop many _____

Answer 16

sporocyst
2 redial
digestive gland
cercariae

Question 17

Cercariae have

Answer 17

spined and knoblike tails, and emerge from the snail after 3 months of initial infection.

Their tail is useless for swimming

Question 18

After emergence, they ____ over rocks until they encounter suitable crustaceans ________.

Answer 18

crawl

freshwater crabs, crayfish

Question 19

Using their _______, they penetrate the crustacean’s exoskeleton and encyst in the crustaceans, where they develop into _______

Answer 19

sharply pointed stylet

metacercariae

Question 20

How humans get infected:

Answer 20

Eating undercooked crustaceans

Question 21

worms excyst in the:

Answer 21

duodenum & remain there for few days before entering the coelom

Question 22

Later they penetrate ___________, and enter _______ and develop to sexual maturity in 2-3 months

Answer 22

the diaphragm and pleura

bronchioles of the lungs

Question 23

wandering juveniles may become lodged in:

Answer 23

other organs

brain, heart and skin, producing ectopic lesions

Question 24

disease caused by paragonimus infection:

Answer 24

Paragonimiasis

Question 25

It has ________, but most of the cases are confined to the _________

Answer 25

worldwide in distribution | Oriental countries

Question 26

Adult worms inside lungs provoke______

Answer 26

inflammatory rx

Question 27

Symptoms:

Answer 27

dry cough, chest pain, difficulty in breathing, fever, blood/brownish streaks (i.e., fluke eggs) in the sputum, coughing up blood (hemoptysis)

Question 28

Diagnosis

Answer 28

difficult to distinguish from other pulmonary disorders such as pneumonia and tuberculosis

Question 29

Infection of abdominal wall may produce:

Answer 29

pain, diarrhea, and bleeding

Question 30

most reliable diagnostic tool

Answer 30

Eggs found in rust-colored sputum

Question 31

In the brain, infection may produce

Answer 31

epilepsy (seizure), cerebral tumor, paralysis

Question 32

Treatment

Answer 32

Praziquantel taken orally over 3 days

Question 33

Prevention

Answer 33

Cooking usually kill cysts in crustaceans and care should be taken with cysts on hands, knives and chopping boards

Question 34

Control

Answer 34

Natural reservoir hosts include several crustacean-consuming carnivores; their population should be carefully monitored