Vision Anatomy (2)

Question 1

Accessory structures mean:

Answer 1

What surrounds the eye

Question 2

What do eyebrows do?

Answer 2

Prevent sweat from getting into the eye and shade the eyes from sunlight

Question 3

Another word for eyelid

Answer 3

Palpebrae

Question 4

What are the eyelids separated by?

Answer 4

Palpebral fissure

Question 5

What is a medial and lateral commissure (canthus) and canthi)?

Answer 5

The medial and lateral angels of the palpebral fissure

Question 6

What is a sty?

Answer 6

A painful inflammation of the sebaceous glands at the base of the eyelashes

Question 7

Where do eyelashes project from?

Answer 7

The free margin

Question 8

What do eyelashes do?

Answer 8

The follicles of each eyelash hairs are richly innervated by nerve endings (hair follicle receptors) and anything that touches the lashes (puff of air) triggers reflex blinking

Question 9

What do tarsal glands do?

Answer 9

These sebaceous glands produce an oily secretion that lubricates the eyelid

Prevents the eyelids from sticking together

Question 10

Tarsal glands are embedded in the…

Answer 10

tarsal plates

Question 11

Tarsal gland’s ducts open at the…

Answer 11

eyelid edge posterior to the eyelashes

Question 12

What is a chalazion?

Answer 12

A small, firm bump that forms on the eyelid when an oil gland becomes blocked (large)

Question 13

The eyelids are thin, skin-covered folds supported internally by connective tissue called…

Answer 13

Tarsal plates

Question 14

What muscle does the tarsal plate anchor?

Answer 14

Orbicularis oculi

Question 15

What does the orbicularis oculi do?

Answer 15

Squeezes the eyes shut

Question 16

What eye muscles are part of the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 16

Inferior rectus, superior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique

Question 17

What eye muscle is part of the trochlear nerve?

Answer 17

Superior oblique

Question 18

What eye muscle is part of abducens?

Answer 18

Lateral rectus

Question 19

What is the palpebral conjunctiva?

Answer 19

It lines the eyelids

Question 20

What is the bulbar conjunctiva?

Answer 20

It folds over back over the anterior surface of the eyeball

Covers only the white part of the eye

Question 21

What is the conjunctiva?

Answer 21

A transparent mucous membrane

Question 22

What is conjunctivitis?

Answer 22

Inflammation of the conjunctiva, results in red and irritated eyes

Question 23

What is conjunctivitis caused by?

Answer 23

Bacteria or viruses, they are highly contagious: pinkeye

Question 24

Where is the lacrimal gland?

Answer 24

Lies in the orbit above the lateral end of the eye and is visible through the conjunctiva when the lid is everted (inside out)

Question 25

What does the lacrimal gland do?

Answer 25

Continuously releases a dilute saline solution (tears) into the superior part of the conjunctival sac through several small excretory ducts

Question 26

Step 1 path of tears:

Answer 26

The LACRIMAL GLAND produces and secretes tears (lacrimal secretions)

Question 27

Step 2 path of tears:

Answer 27

Tears enter the conjunctional sac via the EXCRETORY DUCTS OF THE LACRIMAL GLAND

Question 28

Step 3 path of tears:

Answer 28

Tears flow down and across the eyeball

Question 29

Step 4 path of tears:

Answer 29

Tears enter the LACRIMAL CANALICULI at openings called LACRIMAL PUNCTA

Question 30

Step 5 path of tears:

Answer 30

Tears drain into the LACRIMAL SAC

Question 31

Step 6 path of tears:

Answer 31

From the lacrimal sac, tears empty via the NASOLACRIMAL DUCT into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

Question 32

What are the 6 eye muscles?

Answer 32

Superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique and superior oblique

Question 33

What are the 2 parts of fibrous tunic?

Answer 33

Sclera and cornea

Question 34

What is the fibrous layer?

Answer 34

The outermost coat of the eyeball

Question 35

What is the sclera?

Answer 35

Forms the posterior portion and bulk of the fibrous layer (of the eyeball)

Question 36

What does the sclera do?

Answer 36

Protects and shapes the eyeball, and provides a sturdy anchoring site for the extrinsic eye muscles

Question 37

Posteriorly, the sclera is pierced by which nerve?

Answer 37

Optic (II)

Question 38

What is continuous with the dura mater of the brain?

Answer 38

The sclera

Question 39

Where is the cornea?

Answer 39

The anterior sixth of the fibrous layer and bulges anteriorly from its junction with the sclera

Question 40

What does the cornea do?

Answer 40

Forms a window that lets light enter the eye and is a major part of the light-bending apparatus of the eye

Question 41

What cells protect the cornea from abrasion? (the external sheet?)

Answer 41

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 42

What cells compose the deep corneal endothelium? (inner layer)

Answer 42

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 43

The cornea does not have a...

Answer 43

blood supply

Question 44

The cornea is well supplied with...

Answer 44

nerve endings, most of which are pain receptors

Question 45

The wall of the eyeball is composed of what 3 layers?

Answer 45

Fibrous, vascular and inner layers

Question 46

What is the vascular tunic (uvea) layer?

Answer 46

Forms the middle coat of the eyeball

Question 47

What are the 3 parts of the vascular tunic?

Answer 47

Choroid, ciliary body and iris

Question 48

What does the choroid do?

Answer 48

As light enters the pupil, it absorbs excess light which prevents it from scattering and reflecting within the eye

Question 49

The choroid's blood vessels...

Answer 49

nourish all eye layers

Question 50

The choroid forms...

Answer 50

the posterior 5/6 of the vascular layer

Question 51

The choroid has a posterior opening where the...

Answer 51

optic nerve leaves the eye