VISUAL BIO 2 Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following is not true about the retina?
a. Composed of 10 separable layers
b. There is a loose attachment between neurosensory and retinal pigment epithelium
c. The fovea is not supplied by the central retinal artery
d. Soft exudates are swollen axons of ganglion cells
A
A
2
Q
- Which of the following is responsible for the strongest refraction in the eye?
a. Tear film
b. Cornea
c. Lens
d. Vitreous
A
C
3
Q
Which of the following is not true about the optic nerve?
a. The intracanalicular segment is the longest
b. The intraocular segment is the shortest
c. It has central cavity called the cup
d. It represents the blind spot
A
A
4
Q
- What is the nature if the image that is formed on the retina of the human eye?
a. Virtual and inverted
b. Real and straight
c. Virtual and straight
d. Real and inverted
A
D
5
Q
Cornea in human eye
a. Is a light sensitive screen
b. Is a muscular diaphragm
c. Contains blood vessels
d. Is composed of proteins and cells
A
D
6
Q
- The human eyeball is composed of three layers. The correct sequence of the layers from the exterior to interior is:
a. Sclera, Choroid, Retina
b. Corneal, Choroid, Retina
c. Cornea, Sclera, Choroid
d. Sclera, Cornea, Choroid
A
A
7
Q
The dilation and constriction of the pupil of the eye is due to the effect of ________ on the human body.
a. Light
b. Temperature
c. Noise
d. Pressure
A
A
8
Q
- The primary function of cornea which is present in human eye is:
a. It provides structural support to the eye
b. It bends the light before it reaches the lens
c. It contains a concentrated amount of cone cells in the correct orientation
d. It changes the shape of the lens which enables the image to be focused on the retina
A
B
9
Q
What type of cells are found in the retina?
a. Purkinje cells
b. Neuroglial cells
c. Schwann cells
d. amacrine cells
A
D
10
Q
Which of the following is the function of tapedum lucidum?
a. It is the colored part of the eye
b. It gives night vision to the animals
c. It is transparent jelly-like fluid
d. It is the area in which the optic nerve attaches
A
B
11
Q
Case 2 A 4 years old child undergone ocular examination and eye refraction. Amplitude of accommodation was done. The left eye
suddenly moves to the temporal side leaving the right moving toward the nose. Eye refraction reveals the left eye has -5.00 and
right eye is 20/20.
Questions:
19. Orthoptics procedure should be done to the child:
a. Eye patch to left eye to force the lazy EOM to contract
b. Eye patch to right eye to force the lazy EOM to contract
c. Eye patch both eyes to relax the lazy EOM
d. Eye patch both eyes to force the lazy EOM to contract
A
B
12
Q
Case 2 A 4 years old child undergone ocular examination and eye refraction. Amplitude of accommodation was done. The left eye
suddenly moves to the temporal side leaving the right moving toward the nose. Eye refraction reveals the left eye has -5.00 and
right eye is 20/20.
Weak EOM in this condition:
a. Lateral rectus c. Inferior rectus
b. Superior rectus. d. Medial rectus
A
D
13
Q
A 4 years old child undergone ocular examination and eye refraction. Amplitude of accommodation was done. The left eye
suddenly moves to the temporal side leaving the right moving toward the nose. Eye refraction reveals the left eye has -5.00 and
right eye is 20/20.
How would you correct the EOR on the left eye?
a. Advice the parent to subject the child for LASIK
b. Give contact lens with prescription
c. Give eyeglasses with prescription
d. Don’t do anything besides the child is still developing
A
C
14
Q
A 4 years old child undergone ocular examination and eye refraction. Amplitude of accommodation was done. The left eye
suddenly moves to the temporal side leaving the right moving toward the nose. Eye refraction reveals the left eye has -5.00 and
right eye is 20/20.
Broadest of the EOM:
a. Medial rectus c. Superior oblique
b. Lateral rectus d. Inferior oblique
A
A
15
Q
A 4 years old child undergone ocular examination and eye refraction. Amplitude of accommodation was done. The left eye
suddenly moves to the temporal side leaving the right moving toward the nose. Eye refraction reveals the left eye has -5.00 and
right eye is 20/20.
Origin of the EOM affected in this case:
a. Zonules of zinn c. ligament of lockwood
b. Annulus of zinn. d. check ligament
A
B
16
Q
A 4 years old child undergone ocular examination and eye refraction. Amplitude of accommodation was done. The left eye
suddenly moves to the temporal side leaving the right moving toward the nose. Eye refraction reveals the left eye has -5.00 and
right eye is 20/20.
Bone of the orbit wherein the EOM originate:
a. Greater wing of sphenoid bone
b. Lesser wing of sphenoid bone
c. Ethmoid bone
d. Frontal bone
A
B
17
Q
A 4 years old child undergone ocular examination and eye refraction. Amplitude of accommodation was done. The left eye
suddenly moves to the temporal side leaving the right moving toward the nose. Eye refraction reveals the left eye has -5.00 and
right eye is 20/20.
Bone of the orbit wherein the optic foramen is located:
a. Greater wing of sphenoid bone
b. Lesser wing of sphenoid bone
c. Ethmoid bone
d. Frontal bone
A
B
18
Q
EOM which has NO tendon:
a. Inferior rectus
b. Medial rectus
C. LATERAL rectus
d. superior rectus
A
B
19
Q
EOM not synergistic muscles during abduction:
a. Lateral rectus
b. Superior Oblique
c. inferior oblique
d. superior rectus
A
D
20
Q
EOM not synergistic muscles during adduction:
a. Medial rectus
b. Superior Rectus
c. inferior oblique
d. inferior rectus
A
C
21
Q
EOM has no secondary and tertiary function:
a. Lateral rectus
b. Superior oblique
C. inferior oblique
d. superior oblique
A
a
22
Q
Antagonist of superior oblique for abduction:
a. Inferior oblique b. Superior rectus
A
a
23
Q
Agonist of superior oblique for incycloduction:
a. Inferior oblique c. Lateral rectus
b. Superior rectus d. Inferior rectus
A
24
Q
EOM which elevate the eyeball when the eyeball is adducted:
a. Inferior oblique c. Lateral rectus
b. Superior rectus d. Inferior rectus
A
b
25
EOM which depress the eyeball when the eyeball is abducted:
a. Lateral rectus c. Inferior oblique
b. Superior oblique d. Superior rectus
b
26
28 years old has anisocoric pupils. Several tests had been done to confirm the possible diagnosis including pen light test
and dark room test.
Both eyes are dilated in dark room. Swinging flashlight test was done giving the following findings left eye constrict on
direct light while the right eye remains dilated. The light passes the right eye, pupils on both eyes remain dilated. What is the
possible diagnosis?
a. Horner’s syndrome
b. Argyll-Robertson pupil
c. Marcus Gunn Pupil
d. Adie’s syndrome
c
27
28 years old has anisocoric pupils. Several tests had been done to confirm the possible diagnosis including pen light test and dark room test.
Eye affected in this case:
a. Left eye c. Both eyes are affected
b. Right eye d. Both eyes are normal
b
28
28 years old has anisocoric pupils. Several tests had been done to confirm the possible diagnosis including pen light test
and dark room test.
Part of the pupillary pathways is affected in this case:
a. Retina and or optic nerve c. sympathetic pathways
b. Bilateral pre-tectal nuclei at the brain d. parasympathetic oculomotor nerve
a
29
28 years old has anisocoric pupils. Several tests had been done to confirm the possible diagnosis including pen light test
and dark room test.
What is the result if accommodation in this case?
a. Patient cannot read at near
b. Patient can read at near
c. Patient pupils remains dilated
d. ciliary muscles are relax thus patient cannot read
b
30
A 26 years old patient has history of syphilis 5 years ago and on examination the patient has anisocoric pupils.
Questions:
38. What is the possible initial diagnosis by medica history and on ocular examination?
a. Horner’s syndrome c. Marcus Gunn Pupil
b. Argyll-Robertson pupil d. Adie’s syndrome
b
31
A 26 years old patient has history of syphilis 5 years ago and on examination the patient has anisocoric pupils
Response of the pupils on direct light reflex if history reveals previous syphilis and anisocori-pupil on eye examination:
a. Left eye constricts while right eye remains dilated
b. Right eye constricts while left eye remains dilated
c. Both eyes remain dilated
d. Both eyes constrict
c
32
A 26 years old patient has history of syphilis 5 years ago and on examination the patient has anisocoric pupils
Response of the pupils on consensual light reflex if history reveal previous syphilis and anisocoric-pupils on eye
examination.
a. Left eye constricts while right eye remains dilated
b. Right eye constricts while left eye remains dilated
c. Both eyes remain dilated
d. Both eyes constrict
c
33
26 years old patient has history of syphilis 5 years ago and on examination the patient has anisocoric pupils.
Questions:
Response of the pupils during near point-accommodation reflex if history reveals previous syphilis and anisocoric-pupils on
examination
a. Left eye constricts while right eye remains dilated
b. Right eye constricts while left eye remains dilated
c. Both eyes remain dilated
d. Both eyes constrict
d
34
26 years old patient has history of syphilis 5 years ago and on examination the patient has anisocoric pupils.
The optic nerve branches of the short posterior ciliary artery differ from its branches in the choriocapillaris in the follotwing
ways, except for one:
a. They are surrounded by pericytes
b. They lack fenestrations
c. They have tight junctions
d. They have more nerve supplies
d
35
26 years old patient has history of syphilis 5 years ago and on examination the patient has anisocoric pupils.
Which of the following is true regarding the vortex veins?
a. They drain the venous system of the retina
b. They drain the venous system of the choroid
c. They emerge from the sclera at the equator
d. They have extensive anastomoses
b
36
26 years old patient has history of syphilis 5 years ago and on examination the patient has anisocoric pupils.
Which of the following structures synapses in the ciliary ganglion?
a. Nasociliary nerve fibers
b. Parasympathetic nerve fibers from oculomotor nerve
c. Sympathetic nerve fibers for the carotid plexus
d. Parasympathetic nerve fibers from the facial nerve
b
37
Which of the following is true about the lacrimal gland?
a. The orbital part of the lacrimal gland is located anterior to the orbital septum
b. The lacrimal gland is enclosed within a well-defined capsule
c. Its lymphathic drainage is to the superficial parotid gland
d. It receives nerve fibers from the deep petrosal nerve
c
38
Which of the following is not branch of the ophthalmic nerve?
a. Zygomatic nerve
b. Frontal nerve
c. Nasociliary nerve
d. Lacrimal nerve
a
39
lesion of the ciliary ganglion causes:
a. Loss of accommodation
b. Ptosis
c. Loss of corneal sensation
d. Decreased lacrimation
a
40
Which of the following is not true about microaneurysms?
a. They are dilatations of the retina veins
b. They can be distinguished from dot haemorrhages by fluorescein angiography
c. They are usually found in areas of retinal non-perfusion
d. They may develop a hyalined wall and appear white
a
41
50. Which of the following is not true about optic disc drusen?
a. They usually contain calcium
b. It is associated with ARMD
c. It is associated with angiod streaks
d. It is associated with venous obstruction
b
42
Which of the following grading of severity of arteriosclerosis that the arteries plus tapering depression or humping of the veins?
a. Copper wire
b. Silver wire
c. Tapering wire
d. Deflection of the vein
a
43
52. In the vascular disorder, the fundus shows venous congestion and tortuosity and usually dark coloration of the vein. It is
sometimes called the “hotdog and catsup” fundus
a. Hypertensive Retinopathy
b. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
c. Diabetic Retinopathy
d. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
b
44
Which of the following is a variety of hereditary degenerative conditions can be seen which is characterized initially by
premature death of the photoreceptor cells with subsequent changes in the pigment epithelium?
a. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
b. Retinitis Pigmentosa
c. Night blindness
d. Retinoblastoma
b
45
Which of the following is caused by fine aggregates of vitreous protein mainly due to age or myopia?
a. Musca Volitantes
b. Vitreous bands
c. Vitreous detachment
d. Photopsia
a
46
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the vitreous?
a. Has its finest attachment to the pars plana and retinal periphery
b. Network is denser in the periphery of the vitreous body than in the center
c. Volume of the vitreous is approximately 15ml
d. The vitreous gel is consistent, rigid and viscous
c
47
56. Which is the potential space between the lens and anterior hyaloid?
a. Hyalocytes
b. Vitreous base
c. Space of Berger
d. Hyaloid capsular ligament of Weigart
c
48
What part of the retina is located 1.5mm diameter area in the posterior pole, 3mm lateral to the optic disc?
a. Retina
b. Central Retina
c. Macula Lutea
d. Optic Disc
c
49
58. What part of the retinal is located 3mm medial to the center of the macula?
a. Retina
b. Central Retina
c. Macula Lutea
d. Optic Disc
d
50
What part of the retina is located centrally in the macula?
a. Fovea Centralis
b. Central Retina
c. Macula Lutea
a
51
Jacob’s membrane is of two kinds, rods and cone cells, the former being much more numerous than latter except in the macula
lutea. Jacob’s membrane is also called as ___________.
a. Retinal Pigment Epithelium
b. Rods and Cones
c. External Limiting membrane
d. Outer Nuclear Layer
a
52
61. It is a pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the
underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells
a. Rods and Cones
b. Retinal Pigment Epithelium
c. External Limiting Membrane
d. Outer Nuclear Layer
b
53
It is also known as layer of inner granules, is made up of a member of closely packed cells, of which there are three varieties,
viz: bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells
a. Outer Nuclear Layer
b. Inner Nuclear Layer
c. Rods and Cones
d. External Limiting membrane
b
54
63. It is known as Outer Limiting membrane at the bases of the rods and cones
a. Outer Nuclear Layer
b. Inner Nuclear Layer
c. Rods and Cones
d. External Limiting membrane
d
55
Which of the following is actually a fenestrated membrane composed of terminal bars?
a. Retina
b. External Limiting membrane
c. Outer nuclear layer
d. Rods and Cones layer
b
56
Case A 46 years old patient anisocoric pupils. On dark room test, the examiner noticed that the left eye is dilated and the right eye is
constricted.
Possible diagnosis in this case:
a. Horner’s syndrome c. Marcus Gunn Pupil
b. Argyll-Robertson pupil d. Adie’s syndrome
a
57
Case A 46 years old patient anisocoric pupils. On dark room test, the examiner noticed that the left eye is dilated and the right eye is
constricted.
Ocular manifestation should be present in this case base on your initial diagnosis:
a. Complete blepharoptosis c. unilateral protopsis
b. Partial blepharoptosis d. bilateral protopsis
b
58
Case A 46 years old patient anisocoric pupils. On dark room test, the examiner noticed that the left eye is dilated and the right eye is
constricted.
Nerve is affected in this case:
a. Parasympathetic efferent oculomotor nerve
b. Sympathetic efferent nerve
c. Central bilateral pre-tecta nucleus
d. Retina and optic nerve
b
59
Case A 46 years old patient anisocoric pupils. On dark room test, the examiner noticed that the left eye is dilated and the right eye is
constricted.
Eye affected in this case:
a. OD c. OU
b. OS d. None of the above
a
60
Case A 46 years old patient anisocoric pupils. On dark room test, the examiner noticed that the left eye is dilated and the right eye is
constricted.
Abnormal response of the effected eye if it is instilled with 5% cocaine in this case:
a. Affected pupil will dilate c. both pupils dilate
b. Affected remains constricted d. both pupils constrict
b
61
Case A 46 years old patient anisocoric pupils. On dark room test, the examiner noticed that the left eye is dilated and the right eye is
constricted.
Time interval before 1% hydroxy-amphetamine should be instilled after 5% cocaine:
a. 1-2 days after cocaine instillation
b. 1-2 hours after cocaine instillation
c. 30 minutes after cocaine instillation
d. Immediately once the pupil failed to respond
a
62
Case A 46 years old patient anisocoric pupils. On dark room test, the examiner noticed that the left eye is dilated and the right eye is
constricted.
Affected pupil does not respond to 5% cocaine so 1% hydroxy-amphetamine was instilled to the affected pupil which dilate
upon instillation. Where is the lesion located in pupillary pathway?
a. Pre-ganglionic sympathetic neuron
b. Central superior cervical ganglion
c. Central ciliary ganglion
d. Post- ganglion sympathetic neuron
d
63
This part of the retina contains 5-7 layers of ganglion cells:
a. Peripheral retina
b. Macula lutea
c. optic disc
d. physiologic cup
b
64
73. Main photoreceptors present in the central retina.
a. Rods
b. Cones
c. Retinal pigmented epithelium
d. Ganglion cell layers
b
65
Why is it that the optic papilla is a blind spot?
a. Absence of photoreceptors and sclera is visible
b. Has no iodopsin
c. Has no retinal pigmented epithelium
a
66
Tis part of the retina contains the zeaxanthin, lutein and xanthophylls:
a. Nerve fiber layer
b. Cone fibers of Henle
c. Ganglion cell layer
d. Photoreceptor layer
d
67
76. Layer of retina with rods and cones fibers without nucleus:
a. Stratum opticum c. fiber of Henle
b. Molecular layers d. nuclear layer
c
68
Layer of retina containing synapses between the bipolar cells and ganglion cells:
a. Outer nuclear layer c. outer plexiform layer
b. Inner molecular layer d. inner nuclear layer
b
69
78. Layer of the retina containing the nuclei of the modulator cells:
a. Outer nuclear layer c. outer plexiform layer
b. Inner molecular layer d. inner nuclear layer
d
70
Which of the following is the deviation manifested wherein the fusion mechanism cannot keep the eyes in parallel aligment?
a. Heterophoria
b. Heterotropia
c. Pseudo-Strabismus
d. Orthophoria
b
71
80. Which of the following is the inflammation of the optic nerve can be localized in the optic disc or behind the globe?
a. Dacryoadenitis
b. Optic Neuritis
c. Syneresis
d. Meibomianitis
b
72
What bacteria are responsible for hordeolum or stye?
a. Neisseria
b. Staphylococcus
c. Streptococcus
d. Syphilis
b
73
82. A type of injury, when chemicals come in contact of the eye, it produces damages?
a. Radiation injury
b. Wounds
c. Foreign Bodies
d. Chemical Injuries
d
74
Which of the following is defined as heterogenous genetically determined group of disorders characterized by a disorder of
glucose homeostasis?
a. Retinopathy
b. Diabetes Mellitus
c. Xanthomatosis
d. Hyperlipoproteinuria
b
75
84. Which of the following inflammation of all costs of th eye including intraocular structures?
a. Panopthalmitis
b. Exogenous
c. Endophthalmitis
d. Non infectious
a
76
Pus in the anterior chamber is called:
a. Hypopyon
b. Hyphema
c. Hydrops
d. Anopthmics
a
77
86. What is the primary function of the uveal tract?
a. Function in accommodation
b. Contributes to the maintenance of intraocular pressure
c. Focusing of the lens
d. To supply npurishment to the ocular structure
d
78
The Dallen-Fuchs nodule may be seen in which of the following condition?
a. Sympathetic Ophthalmia
b. Tuberculosis Choroiditis
c. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada
d. Behcet’s Disease
a
79
88. What is the malignant growth, formerly known as glioma of the retina, probably always congenital, occurs in children under 5,
usually in one eye, at times in both, and occasionally in successive children of the same family?
a. Retinoblastoma
b. Malignant Melanoma
c. Retinoma
d. Retinopathy of Prematurity
a
80
Mutton fat keratic precipitates is seen in:
a. Posterior Uveitis
b. Retinochoroiditis
c. Granulomatous Uveitis
d. Acute anterior Uveitis
c
81
90. What do you call a follicular conjunctivitis in adult?
a. Inclusion blenorrhea
b. Endocarditis
c. Toxoplasmosis
d. Lymphogranuloma venereum
a
82
Which of the following is not true about the superior orbital fissure?
a. It is bordered by the greater wing of the sphenoid medially
b. It transmits the superior ophthalmic vein which lies laterally
c. It contains the lacrimal nerve which lies superior and lateral to the trochlear nerve
d. Its widest part is situated medially
a
83
92. Which of the following is not true about the episcleral?
a. It receives a rich blood supply anteriorly form the anterior ciliary artery
b. It becomes progressively thinner towards the posterior globe
c. It forms the tenon’s capsule of the globe
d. It derives forms the mesenchyme
c
84
Which of the following is not true about the lamina cribrosa?
a. It is part of the sclera
b. It transmits the retinal artery and vein
c. It is resistant to stretching
d. It marks the point beyond which the ganglion cells are myelinated
c
85
A 30 years old chronic somer female has recurrent tonsillo-pharyngitis since 10 years old taking roxithromycin every
time she’s suffering from tonsillitis. BP was 160/100mmHg, heart sound was irregular and heart rate is 120 beats/min. She consulted
a cardiologist. ECG shows abnormality in tracing and chest x-ray reveals enlargement of the left ventricles with atherosclerosis of
the arch of aorta.
Instrument which measures the electrical activity of the heart:
a. Spirometer c. Electroencephalogram
b. Electrocardiogram d. Phonocardiogram
b
86
A 30 years old chronic somer female has recurrent tonsillo-pharyngitis since 10 years old taking roxithromycin every
time she’s suffering from tonsillitis. BP was 160/100mmHg, heart sound was irregular and heart rate is 120 beats/min. She consulted
a cardiologist. ECG shows abnormality in tracing and chest x-ray reveals enlargement of the left ventricles with atherosclerosis of
the arch of aorta.
Instrument which measures the blood pressure:
a. Stethoscope c. Sphygmomanometer
b. Biomicroscope d. Telescope
c
87
A 30 years old chronic somer female has recurrent tonsillo-pharyngitis since 10 years old taking roxithromycin every
time she’s suffering from tonsillitis. BP was 160/100mmHg, heart sound was irregular and heart rate is 120 beats/min. She consulted
a cardiologist. ECG shows abnormality in tracing and chest x-ray reveals enlargement of the left ventricles with atherosclerosis of
the arch of aorta.
Instrument which hears the heart sounds:
a. Stethoscope c. Sphygmomanometer
b. Biomicroscope d. Telescope
a
88
A 30 years old chronic somer female has recurrent tonsillo-pharyngitis since 10 years old taking roxithromycin every
time she’s suffering from tonsillitis. BP was 160/100mmHg, heart sound was irregular and heart rate is 120 beats/min. She consulted
a cardiologist. ECG shows abnormality in tracing and chest x-ray reveals enlargement of the left ventricles with atherosclerosis of
the arch of aorta.
Heart valvles is made only of two flaps:
a. Tricuspid valves c. Mitral valves
b. Aortic valves d. Pulmonic valves
c
89
A 30 years old chronic somer female has recurrent tonsillo-pharyngitis since 10 years old taking roxithromycin every
time she’s suffering from tonsillitis. BP was 160/100mmHg, heart sound was irregular and heart rate is 120 beats/min. She consulted
a cardiologist. ECG shows abnormality in tracing and chest x-ray reveals enlargement of the left ventricles with atherosclerosis of
the arch of aorta.
Possible microorganism that causes recurrent tonsillitis in this case:
a. Streptococcus fecalis c. Streptococcus pneumonia
b. Staphylococcus aureus d. Streptococcus pyogenes
d
90
A 30 years old chronic somer female has recurrent tonsillo-pharyngitis since 10 years old taking roxithromycin every
time she’s suffering from tonsillitis. BP was 160/100mmHg, heart sound was irregular and heart rate is 120 beats/min. She consulted
a cardiologist. ECG shows abnormality in tracing and chest x-ray reveals enlargement of the left ventricles with atherosclerosis of
the arch of aorta.
Which of the blood vessels is NOT usually affected in atherosclerosis?
a. Coronary arteries c. Cerebral arteries
b. Aorta d. Renal arteries
d
91
A 30 years old chronic somer female has recurrent tonsillo-pharyngitis since 10 years old taking roxithromycin every
time she’s suffering from tonsillitis. BP was 160/100mmHg, heart sound was irregular and heart rate is 120 beats/min. She consulted
a cardiologist. ECG shows abnormality in tracing and chest x-ray reveals enlargement of the left ventricles with atherosclerosis of
the arch of aorta.
Probable cause of aortic atherosclerosis in this case:
a. Chronic smoking b. Chronic alcohol drinking c. Drug addiction
d. STD infection
a
