OCULAR DISEASE DEFINITION TERMS Flashcards
(50 cards)
Blockage of the main vein of the retina, leading to retinal hemorrhages, edema, and vision loss.
CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
Blockage of the main artery of the retina, causing sudden vision loss, often described as a curtain or shade coming down.
CRAO
Blockage of a smaller retinal vein, leading to localized retinal hemorrhages and edema.
BRVO
Early stage of diabetic retinopathy, characterized by microaneurysms, dot hemorrhages, and hard exudates.
Background Diabetic Retinopathy
Advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy, marked by growth of new, fragile blood vessels (neovascularization), which can lead to vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment.
PDR
PROLIFERATIVE DR
Intermediate stage of diabetic retinopathy, characterized by more extensive retinal damage, including hemorrhages, hard exudates, and cotton wool spots.
NPDR
progressive condition where the drainage channels in the trabecular meshwork become less efficient, leading to increased intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage.
POAG
condition where the iris blocks the drainage angle, causing a sudden increase in intraocular pressure, often accompanied by severe eye pain, headache, and vision loss.
PACG
condition where fluid accumulates under the retina, causing a detachment and leading to blurred vision, often affecting young to middle-aged adults (men) who takes corticosteroids and under stress
CSR CENTRAL SEROUS RETINOPATHY
viral infection of the retina, often seen in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS, leading to retinal inflammation, hemorrhages, and necrosis.
CMVR (Cytomegalovirus Retinitis)
Progressive thinning and conical protrusion of the cornea, leading to distorted vision. Hallmarks include corneal thinning, conical shape, and irregular astigmatism.
Keratoconus
genetic disorder causing corneal endothelial dysfunction, leading to corneal edema and vision loss. Hallmarks include corneal guttae, edema, and decreased endothelial cell density.
Fuchs’ Dystrophy
Inflammation of the uveal tract, causing pain, redness, and vision loss. Hallmarks include inflammation in the anterior or posterior segment, cells and flare in the anterior chamber.
Uveitis
type of cancer originating from melanocytes in the uvea, often asymptomatic in early stages. Hallmarks include a pigmented mass in the choroid or iris, and characteristic ultrasound or MRI findings.
MELANOMA
genetic disorder causing progressive degeneration of the retina, leading to night blindness and visual field loss. Hallmarks include bone spicule pigmentation, attenuated retinal vessels, and electroretinogram (ERG) abnormalities.
Retinitis Pigmentosa
condition where the vitreous gel adheres too strongly to the macula, causing distortion and vision loss. Hallmarks include vitreomacular adhesion and tractional forces on the retina.
Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome
type of glaucoma where optic nerve damage occurs despite normal intraocular pressure. Hallmarks include optic disc cupping, visual field defects, and normal IOP.
Normal-Tension Glaucoma
Inflammation of the eyelids, causing redness, itching, and crusting. Hallmarks include eyelid inflammation, crusting, and meibomian gland dysfunction.
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva, causing redness, itching, and discharge. Hallmarks include conjunctival injection, discharge, and chemosis.
Conjunctivitis
Drooping of the eyelid, which can be congenital or acquired. Hallmarks include drooping eyelid, decreased palpebral fissure height, and potential amblyopia in children.
PTOSIS
Involuntary eye movements, which can be congenital or acquired. Hallmarks include repetitive, rhythmic eye movements, and potential visual impairment.
NYSTAGMUS
Progressive degeneration of the macula, leading to central vision loss. Hallmarks include drusen, geographic atrophy, and choroidal neovascularization.
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Fluid accumulation under the retina, causing a detachment and blurred vision. Hallmarks include serous retinal detachment and leakage on fluorescein angiography.
Central Serous Retinopathy (CSR)
Fluid accumulation in the macula, leading to swelling and vision distortion. Hallmarks include retinal thickening and cystoid spaces.
Macular Edema
