Vital Signs

Question 1

4 Primary Vital Signs

Answer 1

1. Body Temperature (BT)
2. Pulse (HR)
3. Breathing Rate (BR)
4. Blood Pressure (BP)

Question 2

Normal Body Temp

Answer 2

37.0

Question 3

Most common spot to take pulse

Answer 3

Radial Artery

Question 4

Pulse taken at the elbow

Answer 4

Brachial Artery

Question 5

Pulse taken at the neck

Answer 5

Carotid Artery

Question 6

Pulse taken behind the knee

Answer 6

Popliteal artery

Question 7

Pulse taken in the foot dorsalis pedis

Answer 7

Posterior tibial arteries

Question 8

Newborns heart rate

Answer 8

130-150 BPM

Question 9

Toddlers heart rate

Answer 9

100-120 BPM

Question 10

Older child’s heart rate

Answer 10

60-100 BPM

Question 11

Adolescents heart rate

Answer 11

80-100 BPM

Question 12

Adults heart rate

Answer 12

50-80 BPM

Question 13

Define Respiratory Rate

Answer 13

Breaths per minute

Question 14

Normal Respiratory Rate for Adults

Answer 14

In an adult is about 12-20 breaths per minute

Question 15

Respiratory Rate for Children

Answer 15

15-30

Question 16

Respiratory Rate for Infants

Answer 16

25-50

Question 17

Respiratory Rate for Neonates

Answer 17

40-60

Question 18

Define Systolic Pressure

Answer 18

maximum during one heart beat. it occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are contracting

Question 19

Define Diastolic Pressure

Answer 19

minimum between two heart beats. this occurs near the beginning of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filled with blood

Question 20

What is Blood Pressure measured in

Answer 20

mmHG (millimeters of mercury)

Question 21

How is blood pressure measured

Answer 21

using a mercury manometer it is a non-invasive measurement

Question 22

what influences blood pressure

Answer 22

cardiac output, total peripheral resistance and arterial stiffness

Question 23

What regulates blood pressure

Answer 23

baroreceptors - they act on the brain to influence nervous and endocrine systems

Question 24

Hypotension

Answer 24

low blood pressure

Question 25

Hypertension

Answer 25

high blood pressure

Question 26

how is arterial pressure measured

Answer 26

sphygmomanometer (it uses the height of a column of mercury to reflect the circulating pressure.

Question 27

Normal Blood pressure for a resting healthy adult human

Answer 27

120 mmHG (systolic) / 80 mmHG (diastolic)

Question 28

what affects BP

Answer 28

stress, nutritional factors, drugs, disease, exercise, and momentarily from standing up

Question 29

Prehypertension BP

Answer 29

120-139 / 80-89

Question 30

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension Stage 1)

Answer 30

140-159 / 90-99

Question 31

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension Stage 2)

Answer 31

160 + / 100+

Question 32

Hypertensive Crisis BP (Emergency care needed)

Answer 32

180+ / 110+

Question 33

Non-Invasive BP Measurements

Answer 33

ausculatory and oscillometric. they are simpler and quicker. they also require less expertise. no complications, less unpleasant and less painful. Maybe lower accuracy and small systematic differences.

Question 34

Invasive BP Measurements

Answer 34

arterial blood pressure measured through an arterial line. with an intravascular cannulae by placing a cannula needle in an artery. it is connected to an electronic pressure transducer. monitors beat to beat and waveform (pressure against time).

Question 35

5 Karotkoff Sounds of BP

Answer 35

Phase I - TAPPING faint, repetitive, clear tapping sound. increases in intensity for at least 2 beats is the systolic BP Phase II - SOFT SWISHING a brief period may follow during which the sounds soften and acquire a swishing quality Phase III - CRISP the return of sharper sounds, crisper or even exceed the sounds of phase I Phase IV - BLOWING distinct abrupt muffling of sounds, become soft and blowing in quality Phase V - SILENCE sounds disappear and it is the diastolic pressure

Question 36

Which Karotkoff sounds have no clinical significance

Answer 36

the second and third

Question 37

what is it called if the sound disappears together for a short time between phase II and III of Karotkoff sounds?

Answer 37

Auscultatory Gap

Question 38

7 tips to get BP Reading

Answer 38

1. put the cuff on a bare arm - clothes adds 10-40 mm Hg 2. dont have a conversation - talking adds 10-15 mm Hg 3. Empty Bladder - full bladder adds 10 - 15 mm Hg 4. Support Back - unsupported adds 5 - 10 mm Hg 5. Legs Uncrossed - Crossed legs add 2 - 8 mm Hg 6. Support Feet - Unsupported feet add 5 - 10 mm Hg Support arm at heart level - unsupported arm adds 10 mm Hg

Question 39

How does the auscultatory BP method work

Answer 39

uses a stethoscope and a sphygmomanometer. inflatable cuff around upper arm, attached to a mercury or aneroid manometer.

Question 40

what happens if a BP cuff does not fit right

Answer 40

Too small?? high BP | Too big?? low BP