Vitamin

Question 1

Myoglobin

Answer 1

Transports oxygen in the red blood

Question 2

two main role of elctrlytes

Answer 2

regulation of fluid balance
conduction of electrical signs in th body(nerve impulses, muscle contractions)

Question 3

Free radical

Answer 3

An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron; they are unstable, highly reactive, and can be damaging in excess.

Question 4

Rhodopsin

Answer 4

A pigment in the eye that is especially important to vision in low-light conditions.

Question 5

major minerals

Answer 5

c2p2s2m
calcium, chloride, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, magnesium.

Question 6

provitamins
vit d
vit a
niacin

Answer 6

cholesterol, plus UV
beta carotene
tryptophan, an aminoacid

Question 7

vitamin made by intesinal bactera

Answer 7

vit K, all B vitanins,

Question 7

Free radical

Answer 7

natural byproducts of metabolism and exercise play roles in immunity and cell signaling
unpaired electron

Question 8

oxidative stress

Answer 8

too many free radicals in the body

Question 9

DASH

Answer 9

diatary approaches to stop hypertention

Question 11

potasium rich in food

Answer 11

fresh fruits and vegitable, dairy products, lagumes, Meat

Question 12

nutrients that act as antioxidenats

Answer 12

Vit E, C, selenium-trace mineral

Question 13

water composition

Answer 13

intracellular fluid, plasma, interstitial fluid

Question 14

selenium nurtrition

Answer 14

essential trace mineral
thyroid hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis, antioxideant and immune fuction

Question 15

vit A role

Answer 15

reproduction, growth, development, immune function

Question 16

active form of Vit A

Answer 16

retinol

Question 17

vitamin A. deficiency

Answer 17

night blindness, xerophthalmia, Increased susceptibility to infections

Question 19

vitamin A toxicity

Answer 19

liver damage, coma, death, birth defects.

Question 21

vitamin c function

Answer 21

antioxidant, collagen synthesis, neurotransmitter synthesis, immune fuction, iron absorption.

Question 22

Vitc deficiency

Answer 22

scurvy, symptoms include skin disorder, bleeding gums, joint pain, weakenss.

Question 23

osteoclasts

Answer 23

break down bone

Question 24

osteoblasts

Answer 24

build up bone

Question 25

calcium function

Answer 25

transmission of nerve impulses muscle contraction and relaxation Blood pressure regulation blood clotting enzyme activation hormone secretion signaling between cell

Question 26

where is calcium storage

Answer 26

99% in bone 1% in blood and soft tissues

Question 27

low bone mess

Answer 27

osteopenia

Question 28

magnesium

Answer 28

Required for many enzymatic reactions, synthesis of DNA, carbohydrates, and lipids, essential for nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and normal heart rhythm.

Question 29

phosphorus

Answer 29

part of RNA and DNA, ATP, phospholipidis, cell signaling, enzyme activity, and acid base balance.

Question 30

85% found in bone

Answer 30

phosphorus

Question 31

osteomalacia

Answer 31

bone softening

Question 32

cofactors

Answer 32

inorganic minerals that assist in Enzymatic reactions

Question 33

vit b

Answer 33

energy metabolism. blood health, energy level, immune function, and brain function.

Question 34

spina bifida

Answer 34

a neural tube defect , leading to physical and mental disability caused by folate deficiency in pregnancy

Question 35

folate vit B9 requires for

Answer 35

amino acid, RNA and DNA synthesis

Question 36

falate deficiency

Answer 36

rapid dividing cells

Question 37

rapidly dividing cells cause

Answer 37

macrocytic anemia(decreased efficiency at carrying oxygen, caused by impairments in cell division.

Question 38

folate nutrition deficiency

Answer 38

Macrocytic anemia: fatigue, weakness, poor concentration, headache, irritability. SOB, mouth sorers, GI distress, changes in hair, skin, nails

Question 39

High dose folate acid supplements can make

Answer 39

vit B12 deficiency

Question 40

Vit B12 only in

Answer 40

Animal-derived products: synthesized by bacteria.

Question 41

Vit B12 funtions

Answer 41

maintaining the myelin sheath-protect neurons an essential part of many coenzymes /break down fats and proteins, folate functions and hemoglobin synthesis

Question 42

intrinsic

Answer 42

고유한

Question 43

secreted in the stomach

Answer 43

intrinsic factor

Question 44

Intrinsic factor is required for

Answer 44

vitB12 absorption in the small intestine

Question 45

intrinsic factor deficient

Answer 45

autoimmune disease, inflammation of the stomach, and in older adults

Question 46

Vegan diet need

Answer 46

Vit B12 from supplements

Question 47

Vit V12

Answer 47

nutritional yeast, fortified products, algae, mushrooms and fermented food

Question 48

VB 12 deficiency

Answer 48

nerve degeneration, decline in mental funtion burnng, tingling, numbness of legs, pernicious anemia (usually cause by intrinsic factor deficiency)

Question 49

pernicious anemia

Answer 49

intrinsic factor deficiency

Question 50

Iron

Answer 50

trace mineral

Question 51

Iron funtion

Answer 51

transport of oxygen, energy metabolism, immune function, antioxidant defense, brain development and function

Question 52

binds oxygen in muscle

Answer 52

myoglobin

Question 54

two types of iron

Answer 54

heme iron only found in animal-derived food more bioavailable than non-heme iron non-heme iron (both plant and animal)

Question 55

non-heme iron bioavailability is increased by

Answer 55

Meat, poultry, seafood, and vit c. decreased by phytates and polyphenols

Question 56

Iron deficiency

Answer 56

swollen, sore tongue, abnormal heart rate, fatigue, weakness, pale skin. shortness of breath, dizziness,

Question 57

great risk group for iron deficiency

Answer 57

infants, children, adolescents, and woman

Question 57

heme iron accounts for ? % of dietary iron

Answer 57

10

Question 57

non heme iron makes up about ? % of dietary iron

Answer 57

90

Question 57

iron absorption rates organ meats green leafy vegetables grains

Answer 57

25-30% 7-9% 4%

Question 58

what increases the bioavailability of iron

Answer 58

ascrobic acid, animal tissues

Question 59

what decreases its bioavailability

Answer 59

phytic acid(plant seeds) and oxalic acid (veggies, fruits, nuts, and seeds) calcium polyphenols(plant compounds)