Vitamin A

Question 1

Vitamin A is usually structured as:

Answer 1

Retinol
Retinal
Retinoic Acid
Retinyl Esters

Question 2

Vitamin A also contains forms of ______ that eventually convert into Vitamin A.

Answer 2

Carotenoids

Question 3

Retinyl Esters contain sources of Vitamin A such as?

Answer 3

Liver
Fish
Liver Oil
Egg Yolk
Butter
Fortified Milk

Question 4

Carotenoids can be described as (color/texture)?

Answer 4

Deep Orange/Yellow Fruits & Veggies
Dark Leafy Greens / Broccoli

Question 5

Vitamin A is absorbed as _____ ?

Answer 5

Micelles

Question 6

Carotenoids convert to vitamin A in the _____ ?

Answer 6

Enterocyte

Question 7

Vitamin A enters circulation in _____ ?

Answer 7

Chylomicrons

Question 8

How is Vitamin A transported through the body?

Answer 8

Retinol Binding Proteins

Question 9

What is essential for Vitamin A absorption?

Answer 9

Protein

Question 10

Excess vitamin A does what to vitamin K absorption?

Answer 10

Decreases

(A & K compete with each other for absorption)

Question 11

High B-Carotene intake decreases ______ ?

Answer 11

Vitamin E Levels, Zinc, and Protein

(all needed for retinol binding proteins)

Question 12

Vitamin A deficiency is also associated with decreased _____ incorporation into RBC’s?

Answer 12

Iron

Question 13

Vitamin A is used to produce what in the eyes?

Answer 13

Rhodopsin > detection of light

Question 14

Through cell differentiation, vitamin A can have effects on what?

Answer 14

Gene Expression

Question 15

Vitamin A is also key for which other human systems?

Answer 15

Immune Function
Bone Growth
Reproductive System

Question 16

Specific to the immune system, vitamin A functions as a _____ ?

Answer 16

Antioxidant

Question 17

Carotenoids are involved in decreasing _____ ?

Answer 17

Oxidative Stress

Question 18

A common vitamin A deficiency is?

Answer 18

Night Blindness

Question 18

A build of of Carotine in the eyes is known as?

Answer 18

Bilot’s Spots (Reversible with Vit A Supplementation)

Question 19

Excess Vitamin A is considered?

Answer 19

Quite Toxic

Question 20

What is the mechanism that allows for Vitamin A to be toxic when consumed in excess?

Answer 20

B/C it is fat soluble, we can store it in excess quantities very easily

Question 21

What are some symptoms of vitamin A toxicity?

Answer 21

Anorexia
Skin Discomfort
Alopecia
Headache

Question 22

Synthetic Vitamin A has been used to treat _____, but has also been implicated in causing _____ ?

Answer 22

Acne
Birth Defects

Question 23

Excess B-Carotene will cause the skin to turn what color & is known as what?

Answer 23

Yellow > Hypercarotenosis

Question 24

What is the primary method of measurement for vitamin A?

Answer 24

Plasma Retinol Levels