Vitamin & Mineral Functions

Question 1

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

Answer 1

Anti-oxidant,
Collagen synthesis,
Neurotransmitter synthesis,
Cofactor to iron and copper

Question 2

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Answer 2

Co-enzyme in energy production

Question 3

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Answer 3

Anti-oxidant,

Co-enzyme in energy production

Question 4

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Answer 4

Anti-oxidant,
Co-enzyme in energy production
Synthesized by tryptophan in the body

Question 5

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)

Answer 5

Coenzyme A

Question 6

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

Answer 6

Amino acid metabolism
Hemoglobin synthesis, 
Production of 
dopamine and serotonin
Effective in treating hereditary sideroblastic anemia, hyperhomocystenemia, hypertension and pregnancy-induced nausea.

Question 7

Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

Answer 7

Co-enzyme function in energy metabolism

CO2 transfer

Question 8

Vitamin B9 (Folate)

Answer 8

Co-enzyme activity

Involved in amino acid & nucleic acid metabolism Conversion of homocysteine (for cardio- vascular health)

Question 9

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Answer 9

Energy production,
Hemoglobin synthesis
Methylation of homocysteine

Question 10

Vitamin A (Retinoids and Carotenoids)

Answer 10

Vision, 
Cellular differentiation
Growth 
Reproduction 
Bone and immune development
Prevention of atherosclerosis

Question 11

Vitamin D (Calciferol)

Answer 11

Bone health
Immune health
Blood pressure regulation
Cell differentiation,

Question 12

Vitamin E (Tocopherol/ Tocotrienol)

Answer 12

Eye health (cataract prevention)
Anti-oxidant function to lipids,
Reduces risk of cancers,
Cell signaling & gene expression

Question 13

Vitamin K (Phylloquinone- dietary, Menaquinone- endogenous)

Answer 13

Coagulation of blood

Bone & cartilage health

Question 14

Calcium

Answer 14

Structural component of bones & teeth, 
Aids muscle contractions, 
Blood clotting, 
Enzyme activation
dyspepsia and hyperkalemia

Question 15

Magnesium

Answer 15

Bone health,
Nerve signal transmission,
Protein synthesis,
Enzyme cofactors

Question 16

Potassium

Answer 16

pH balance,
Water & electrolyte balance,
Cell membrane transfer
helps with kidney stones (alkaline)

Question 17

Sodium

Answer 17

Maintain body water balance
Electrolyte regulation, 
pH balance, 
Nerve signaling, 
Muscle contraction

Question 18

Chloride

Answer 18

Maintain pH balance
Enzyme activation, 
Part of gastric HCl acid,
modulates gene expression
cell membrane signaling
lipid transport and metabolism
Early brain development

Question 19

Sulfur

Answer 19

Amino acid component,
Vitamin B1 and B7 support,
Connective tissue,
Joint cartilage, tendons, ligaments

Question 20

Phosphorus

Answer 20

For structure of bones & teeth, 
Cell membrane health, 
DNA & RNA component, 
Nerve conduction, 
Heart beat regularity, 
Muscle contraction

Question 21

Zinc

Answer 21

Aids nutrient metabolism, 
Collagen formation, 
Alcohol detox, 
CO2 elimination, 
Cell replication, 
Sex maturation

Question 22

Iron

Answer 22

Red blood cell O2 transport, 
Amino acid (protein) metabolism, 
Antioxidant for carnitine, 
Collagen
Thyroid hormone synth.

Question 23

Copper

Answer 23

Aids iron use,
synthesis of collagen,
pigment and neurotransmitters

Question 24

Iodine

Answer 24

Thyroid hormone synthesis

Question 25

Selenium

Answer 25

Protects against hydrogen peroxide and free radicals Thyroid hormone production Antioxidant that targets natural hydrogen peroxide in the body and coverts it to water.

Question 26

Manganese

Answer 26

``` Brain function, collagen & bone growth, urea synthesis., glucose and lipid metabolism., Central nervous system function Cofactor for acetyl CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, super oxide disumatase ```

Question 27

Chromium

Answer 27

Glucose intolerance

Question 28

Fluoride

Answer 28

Teeth and bone formation

Question 29

Molybdenum

Answer 29

Metabolism of purines, pteridines, pyrimidines, aldehydes; oxidation

Question 30

Which of the following vitamins can be synthesized by tryptophan in the body? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B2 c. Vitamin B5 d. Vitamin B3

Answer 30

d. Vitamin B3

Question 31

Manganese is a cofactor for all of the following enzymes except: a. acetyl CoA carboxylase b. transketolase c. pyruvate carboxylase d. super oxide disumatase

Answer 31

b. transketolase