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Vitamins Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What are the fat soluable vitamins?

A

A,D,E,K

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2
Q

In fat soluable vitamins, deficiences happen?

A

Slower

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3
Q

What are the water soluable vitamins?

A

B and C

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4
Q

Deficiences in water soluable vitamins happen?

A

Quickly

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5
Q

Vitamins are added as _______ in a pre-mix

A

supplement

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6
Q

Ruminants do or do not require vitamin B and vitamin K?

A

Do not require.

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7
Q

Ruminants don’t need vitamin B and K, because?

A

Microbes synthesize all B and K vitamin

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8
Q

What catagory of vitamins are found in the body?

A

Fat

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9
Q

What catagory of vitamins are not found in the body?

A

Water

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10
Q

Define vitamin

A

Organic compounds required in animals diets in small amounts because they cannot be synthesized by the body.

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11
Q

What vitamin exhibits the display of retinol?

A

Vitamin A

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12
Q

Vitamin A functions are?

A
  1. vision
  2. cell proliferation
  3. Gene transcription
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13
Q

Vitamin A deficiences are?

A

night blindness
Abnormal bone growth
Rough hair coat
Degeneration of mucous membrane
Impaired growth

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14
Q

Toxicity results of Vitamin A are?

A

Skeletal malfunctions
Reduced growth
Conjunctivitis
Reproductive failure

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15
Q

The vitamin known as the “sunshine vitamin”

A

Vitamin D

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16
Q

Where is Vitamin D synthesized?

A

In the skin

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17
Q

What are the 2 forms of Vitamin D?

A

Vitamin D2
Vitamin D3

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18
Q

Vitamin D2 is also known as?

A

Ergocalciferol

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19
Q

Vitamin D3 is also known as?

A

Cholecalciferol

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20
Q

Vitamin D2 is found in what sources?

A

plant

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21
Q

Vitamin D3 is found in what sources?

A

Animal

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22
Q

Where is 25-hydroxvitamin D3 produced?

A

Liver

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23
Q

Where 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 produced?

A

Kidney

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24
Q

What are the funtions of Vitamin D?

A

Maintain calcium homeostasis
Increase intestinal absorption
Increase Ca mobelization from bone

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25
Deficiency if Vitamin D can show up as?
Rickets
26
What is Rickets?
Bow legged symptoms. Lack of Ca, so bones soften; as weight is added, the legs cannot support weight and bow out.
27
This vitamin is also known as a-tocopherol
Vitamin E
28
Functions of Vitamin E?
Prevention of membrane lipids from oxidative damage. Vitamins E breaks down free radical.
29
Where is Vitamin E found?
Cell membrane
30
Deficiencies of Vitamin E can show up as?
Muscular dystrophy-weaking Liver necrosis-liver becomes oxidized Fetal resoption- pregnancy not maintained Encephalomalacia (crazy chick)- softening of brian due to oxidation
31
This vitamin is involved in protein synthesis
Vitamin K
32
What are the 2 forms of Vitamin K?
Phylloquinone and Menaquinone
33
Functions of Vitamin K?
Involved in protein synthesis Osteocalcin-promotes calcification of bones **Clotting factors are dependant on vitamin k
34
Deficiency of Vitamin K can be show up as?
Reduced blood clotting ability
35
B vitamins can or cannot be synthesized by the body?
Cannot
36
Function of B Vitamins
Some function as enxymes-cofactors in energy metabolism
37
What are the B Vitamin numbers? How many total?
8 total B vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12
38
What are the B vitamins name with their numbers?
B1- Thiamine B2- Riboflavin B3- Niacin B5- Pantothetic acid B6-Pyrodoxine B7- Biotin B9- Folic acid B12- Cobalomin/ cyancobalomin
39
Functions of Thiamin- B1
Decarboxylation of ketoacids Transketolations
40
Deficiencies of thiamin can be seen as?
Impaired carbohydrate metabolism
41
Symptoms of thiamine can be seen as?
Anorexia Convuslsions Paralysis Reduced heart rate Subnormal body temperature
42
Function of Riboflavin- B2
Flavocoenzymes *flavin mononucleotide (oxidation of Nad-NADH) *flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD- ATP synthase)
43
Symptoms of Riboflavin can be seen as
Curled toe paralysis in chicks Reduced egg production and hatchability Skin lesions Reduced growth Reproductive failure Impact on meiosis, so its reproduction won’t happen
44
This B vitamin is also known as “Nictinic Acid”
Vitamin B-3 and Niacin
45
Functions of Niacin- B3
Formation of NAD and NADH
46
Deficiency of Niacin can be seen as?
The 3 D’s Dermatitis Dementia Diarrhea
47
Function of Pantothenic Acid- B5?
Coenzyme A synthesis Acyl carrier protein synthesis
48
Deficieny symptoms of Pantothenic acid- B5 can be seen as?
Reduced growth Dermatitis Goose stepping gait in pigs
49
Vitamin B-6 has is also known as?
pyridoxine
50
Pyridoxine- B6 functions?
cofactor for enzymes
51
B6 is a cofeactor for what enzymes?
Aminotransferases Decarboxylases Heme biosynthesis Cysteine synthesis Glycogen phosphorylase
52
Deficiency of pyrodoxine (B6) symptoms?
Convulsions Dermatitis Impaired reproduction
53
What is the function of Folate -B9?
1-carbon metabolism
54
Deficiency of folate symptom?
Anemia
55
This is the only vitamin not found in plant sources?
B12- Cobalomin
56
Functions of cobalamin-B12?
Cofactor for 2 enzymes Intrinsic factor -methylmalonyl CoA mutase -methlonine synthase
57
Deficiency of cobalamin symptoms are?
Decreased growth Anemia Poor reproduction
58
Function of Vitamin B7-Biotin?
Carboxylase synthesis Acetyl Co A carboxylase Pyruvate carboxylase Propional CoA carboxylase 3-methylcrotionyl CoA carboxylase
59
Deficiency of biotin symptoms are? Rumants vs non-ruminants
Non-ruminants: dermatitis, cracks in foot pads, poor growth, loss of hair or feathers Ruminants: hoof fracks, lesions
60
This vitamin is also known as the absorbic acid
Vitamin C
61
Vitamin C is synthesized from? Species that have vitamin C, requieremnts lack what?
Glucose Gulonolactone oxidase
62
What are the functions of Vitamin C?
Required for oxygenase activity -collagen synthesis -carnitine synthesis -norepinephrine synthesis -activation of peptide hormones -tyrosine oxidation Antioxidant- located in cytosol and extracellular fluids— water soluable
63
Deficiency of Vitamin C?
Scurvy; bruising/hemorrhaging, rough coat, painful joints, lethargy, dental issues
64
This is sometimes considered a “vitamin” but not a dietary essential.
Choline
65
Functions of Choline
Phospholipid synthesis Neutrotransmisission Chylomicron synthesis Methyl group donor

Animal Nutrition (3 decks)

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