Vitamins

Question 1

Pellagra preventing factor of goldberger is aka

Answer 1

Niacin

Question 2

Active form of niacin in tissue a

Answer 2

Niacinamide

Question 3

Chemical name of niacin

Answer 3

Pyridine-3- carboxylic acid

Question 4

Three constituents of folic acid

Answer 4

Pteridine group ,
Para amino benzoic acid PABA
glutamic acid

Question 5

Para amino benzoic acid and pteridine group together make

Answer 5

Pteroic acid

Question 6

Folic acid aka

Answer 6

Pteroyl glutamic acid

Question 7

Up to how many residues linked to pteroyl group

Answer 7

7 (generic name for folic acid related compnds- folacin )

Question 8

Folic acid absorbed by

Answer 8

Upper part of jejunum

Question 9

Folic acid transported in blood by

Answer 9

Beta globulins

Question 10

Folic acid is taken up by what to produce coenzymes

Answer 10

Liver

Question 11

Folic acid is not stored in tissues ( true or false )

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Folate-transporter complex is internalised by

Answer 12

Non-clathrin mediated endocytosis

Question 13

Tissue specific transporters of folic acid ( high affinity binding proteins ) anchored on

Answer 13

Plasma membrane

Question 14

Folic acid reduced to 7,8-dihydrofolic acid and further to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro folic acid (THFA ). Catalysed by

Answer 14

NADPH dependent folate reductase

Question 15

When is folate requirement increased

Answer 15

Pregnancy

Question 16

Folate trap

Answer 16

Vitamin B12 deficiency, methyl THFA cannot be converted to THFA

Question 17

Causes of folate deficiency

Answer 17

Pregnancy , defective absorption ,drugs ,haemolytic anemia , dietary deficiency, folate trap

Question 18

Drugs that reduce folate absorption by inhibiting intestinal enzyme

Answer 18

Anticonvulsant drugs , hydantoin
Dilantin, phenytoin , phenobarbitone

Question 19

Deficiency manifestations of folic acid

Answer 19

Reduced DNA synthesis , macrocyclic anemia
Hyperhromocysteinemia ,birth defects , cancer

Question 20

Folate deficiency contributes to the ethology of what cancers

Answer 20

Bronchial carcinoma , cervical carcinoma

Question 21

Folic acid deficiency pregnancy

Answer 21

Neural tube defects in the foetus

Question 22

How folic acid deficiency cause problems in foetus

Answer 22

Prevents hyperhomocysteinemia , therefore neural tube defects like SPINA BIFIDA

Question 23

Plasma homocysteine level above 15 micromol/L increase risk of

Answer 23

CAD

Question 24

Folate deficiency effect on homocysteine

Answer 24

Increased homocysteine , since remethylation of homocysteine is affected

Question 25

Blood picture in folate deficiency

Answer 25

Macrocytic

Question 26

Cobalamin deficiency blood picture

Answer 26

Megaloblastic

Question 27

Elaborate on macrocyctic anemia due to folate deficiency

Answer 27

Immature looking nucleus and mature eosinophilia cytoplasm in the bone marrow cells, Reticulocytosis - abnormal RBCs destroyed by hemolysis Leukopenia Thrombocytopenia

Question 28

Explain reduced DNA synthesis in folate deficiency

Answer 28

THFA reduced and thymidylatr synthase enzyme inhibited dUMP not converted to dTMP dTTP not available for DNA synthesis Cell division arrested Very rapidly dividing cells in bone marrow and intestinal mucosa affected

Question 29

To prevent neurological manifestation of B12 deficiency, how is folic acid administered

Answer 29

Combination with B12

Question 30

Folic acid toxicity cause

Answer 30

B12 deficiency Nerve damage Crystallisation on kidney tubules , renal damage (low solubility of folic acid )

Question 31

RDA of folic acid

Answer 31

200 micro g / day

Question 32

How is blood level for folic acid measured

Answer 32

Radioimmunoassay

Question 33

Other methods to assess folate deficiency in blood

Answer 33

Histidine load test or FIGLU excretion test AICAR excretion Peripheral blood picture Blood testing

Question 34

Folate antagonists

Answer 34

Sulfonamide , pyrimethamine

Question 35

Extrinsic factor of castle another name of

Answer 35

Vitamin B12

Question 36

What rings and what metal is seen in b12 vitamin

Answer 36

4 pyrrole rings with cobalt atom = CORRIN RING

Question 37

6th valency of cobalt in B12 sarishpfied by

Answer 37

Cyanide , hydroxyl , adenosyl/methy

Question 38

Vitamin used as adjuvant in infections

Answer 38

Vitamin c

Question 39

Ascorbic acid used to treat

Answer 39

Tuberculosis 500mg per day

Question 40

RDA of vitamin c

Answer 40

75 mg /day Pregnancy/age/lactation -100 mg

Question 41

Reduction in uptake of Vit C

Answer 41

Smokers Oral contraceptives Aspirin (uptake by WBC)

Question 42

Amla vit C source

Answer 42

700mg /100 g

Question 43

Guava vit c

Answer 43

300 mg/100g

Question 44

Deficiency manifestation of vit C

Answer 44

Scurvy (infantile ) Hemorrhagic tendency Internal Hemorrhage Oral cavity swelling Wound healing delayed Bones (failure to form osteoid)

Question 45

What deteriorates normal collagen cross- link formation

Answer 45

Mildly elevated plasma homocysteine levels induced by vitamin B insufficiency Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)

Question 46

Vit C deficiency anemias

Answer 46

Microcytic , hypochromic

Question 47

Reasons for vit c deficiency anemia

Answer 47

Hemorrhage loss of blood , Accumulation of met - hemoglobin Decreased tetrahydrofolic acid Decreased iron absorption

Question 48

Subcutaneous hemorrhage in vit c deficiency may be manifested as

Answer 48

Petechiae

Question 49

Barlows disease

Answer 49

Infantile scurvy

Question 50

Biochemical function of vit c

Answer 50

Hemoglobin metabolism Iron metabolism Tyrosine metabolism Tyrptophan metabolism Folic acid metabolism Hydroxylation of proline lysine Cataract prevention reversible oxide-red Anti oxidant property Phagocytosis Steroid synthesis

Question 51

Benedict’s test for ascorbic acid in urine

Answer 51

Positive as it is a strongly reducing agent

Question 52

Man cannot oxidase vit c because

Answer 52

Block in gulono lactone oxidase step Lock gene responsible for synthesis of the enzyme

Question 53

Structural formula of ascorbic acid closely resembles

Answer 53

Carbohydrates

Question 54

Antiscorbutic activities shown by

Answer 54

L-ascorbic acid , dehydroascorbic

Question 55

Vitamin not present on vegetable

Answer 55

Vitamin B12

Question 56

Sources of B12

Answer 56

Curd , liver

Question 57

B12 requirement RDA

Answer 57

1-2 micro g/day Pregnancy, lactation - 2mg

Question 58

Macrocytic anemia treated with

Answer 58

Folic acid and b12

Question 59

Therapeutic dose of B12

Answer 59

100 to 1000 microgram by intramuscular injections

Question 60

Assessment of b12 deficiency

Answer 60

Serum b12 Schilling test Methyl malonic acid -in urine Figlu Peripheral smear -bone marrow and blood Homocystinuria

Question 61

Treatment of B 12 deficiency

Answer 61

Therapeutic dose of B12 is 100

Question 62

What