Vitamins

Question 1

What are the functions of vitamins?

Answer 1

Metabolism, immune function, nerve function, blood clotting, bone health, vision, skin health, and antioxidants

Question 2

What vitamins are fat soluble?

Answer 2

Vitamin A, D, E, and K

Question 3

What are the three types of an A vitamin?

Answer 3

Retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid

Question 4

Is vitamin A required in the diet?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

What are carotenoids?

Answer 5

Vitamin A that provides pigmentation in plants
Two types: carotenes (pre), xanthophylls

Question 6

What are the functions of vitamin A?

Answer 6

Vision, bond growth, reproduction, epithelial cell maintenance

Question 7

What are the symptoms of vitamin A toxicity?

Answer 7

Skeletal abnormalities, thickened skin

Question 8

How is vitamin D formed?

Answer 8

By the irridation of sterols

Question 9

What are the two forms of vitamin D?

Answer 9

Ergocalciferol (D2 plant) and cholecalciferol (D3 animal)

Question 10

What are the functions of vitamin D?

Answer 10

Steroid hormone, blood calcium regulation

Question 11

What does a deficiency in vitamin D cause?

Answer 11

Impaired bone and abnormal skeletal development
Rickets and osteomalacia

Question 12

What are the two types of vitamin E?

Answer 12

Tocopherols and tocotrienols
Alpha-tocopherols are most active

Question 13

What are the functions of vitamin E?

Answer 13

Free radical scavengers, antioxidants, immune response

Question 14

What does a deficiency in vitamin E cause?

Answer 14

White muscle disease, crazy chick

Question 15

What is another name for vitamin K?

Answer 15

Quinones

Question 16

What are the three types of vitamin k?

Answer 16

K1 (phylloquinones) - plants
K2 (menaquinones) - active form, synthesized by hindgut bacteria to K1 or K3 in liver
K3 (menadionequinones) - synthetic

Question 17

What is vitamin K required for?

Answer 17

Synthesis of prothrombin

Question 18

Which vitamins are water soluble?

Answer 18

Vitamin B and C

Question 19

What are the seven types of vitamin B

Answer 19

1. Thiamine (B1)
2. Riboflavin (B2)
3. Niacin (B3)
4. Pantothenic acid (B5)
5. Pyridoxine (B6)
6. Biotin (B7)
7. Folic acid (B9

Question 20

What are the two types of thiamine?

Answer 20

Pyrmidine and thiazole

Question 21

What does a deficiency in thiamine cause?

Answer 21

Star gazing

Question 22

Which vitamin is a component of coenzyme?

Answer 22

riboflavin

Question 23

What does a deficiency in riboflavin cause?

Answer 23

Curled toe paralysis

Question 24

Which vitamin is a constituent of NAD+ and NADPH?

Answer 24

Niacin

Question 25

Which vitamin is synthesized from tryptophan?

Answer 25

Niacin

Question 26

What does a deficiency in niacin cause?

Answer 26

Black tongue disease, spectacled eyes

Question 27

What are the functions of pantothenic acid?

Answer 27

Energy production, metabolism, growth and development, immune function, wound healing

Question 28

What are the three forms of pyridoxine?

Answer 28

1. Pyridoxine - plant 2. Pyrodoxal - animal (activated) 3. Pyridoxamine - animal

Question 29

What are the functions of pyridoxine?

Answer 29

Amino acid metabolism, hemoglobin synthesis, synthesis of niacin from tryptophan

Question 30

What are the functions of biotin?

Answer 30

Metabolism processes, maintain healthy skin, hair and nails

Question 31

What are the functions of folic acid?

Answer 31

DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation

Question 32

What does a deficiency in folic acid cause?

Answer 32

Neural tube defect

Question 33

What are the functions of vitamin C?

Answer 33

Essential for tissue growth and repair, immune system, antioxidants