Water

Question 1

Fish are what percent water?

Answer 1

70%

Question 2

Jellyfish are what percent water?

Answer 2

95%

Question 3

Birds are what percent water?

Answer 3

60%

Question 4

Iguanas are what percent water?

Answer 4

72%

Question 5

Dogs are what percent water?

Answer 5

71%

Question 6

Humans and newborns are what percent water?

Answer 6

90%

Question 7

What are the functions of water?

Answer 7

Body metabolism and temperature control

Question 8

What are the roles of thermoregulation?

Answer 8

1. Evaporative cooling
2. Blood flow regulation
3. Internal fluid balance

Question 9

What are properties of thermoregulation?

Answer 9

1. High specific heat capacity
2. High heat of vaporization

Question 10

How is water used in metabolism?

Answer 10

As a solvent, cellular functions, enzyme activity, pH regulation, and chemical reactions

Question 11

How much metabolic water is in protein?

Answer 11

0.4g of water per gram of protein

Question 12

How much metabolic water is in carbohydrates?

Answer 12

0.6 grams of water per gram of carbohydrate

Question 13

How much metabolic water is in fat?

Answer 13

1 gram of water per gram of fat

Question 14

Water accounts for what percent of your daily need?

Answer 14

5-10%

Question 15

Besides metabolic water, what are some other sources of water?

Answer 15

Drinking and free water

Question 16

How does the body lose water?

Answer 16

Urine, feces, lungs, skin, milk (85-87%)

Question 17

What are some physiological ways water is regulated in the body?

Answer 17

Thirst, hormonal (ADH), kidney function, osmoregulation

Question 18

What are some environmental ways water can be regulated?

Answer 18

Temperature, humidity, quality, availability, feed DM

Question 19

What are some ways quality affects how water is regulated?

Answer 19

Odor and taste, chemical properties (dissolved solids, pH), toxic compounds, presence of excess minerals, presence of microorganisms, salinity, sulfates, and nitrates

Question 20

What is the TDS acceptable limit?

Answer 20

0.25%
<1000 mg/L is best
>10,000 mg/L is worst

Question 21

What is the max amount of sulfates that is safe in drinking water?

Answer 21

500-1,000 ppm

Question 22

Why is a high amount of sulfate in drinking water dangerous?

Answer 22

It degrades thiamine, toxicity leads to diarrhea and polioencephalomalacia (stargazing)

Question 23

What is Cyanobacteria?

Answer 23

Gram negative blue-green bacteria that produces large amounts of nitrates in the water

Question 24

What is the max amount of nitrates that is safe to drink in water?

Answer 24

Less than 100ppm

Question 25

Why is a high level of nitrates in drinking water dangerous?

Answer 25

Toxicity can lead to death without warning because the body cannot transport blood leading to suffocation

Question 26

What are the water requirements for livestock?

Answer 26

1 gallon per 100 lbs

Question 27

What are the water requirements for dogs?

Answer 27

1 ounce per lb

Question 28

What are the water requirements for cats?

Answer 28

5 to 10 ounces per day

Question 29

Why would there be intentional restriction on water?

Answer 29

Limited availability and cleanliness

Question 30

What are some examples of unintentional water restrictions?

Answer 30

Failure of supply, inappropriate design (stray voltage), competition, poor quality, extreme temperature (drought), inappropriately balanced diet

Question 31

If an animal is severely restricted access to water, what could be some signs?

Answer 31

Electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, frustration, stereotypies